蚕豆根尖微核技术在工业废水遗传毒性监测中的应用

用蚕豆根尖微核技术监测南京市化工、冶金、印染以及制药等行业废水的遗传毒性，结果表明南京市部分工厂废水存在不同程度的遗传毒性。     

废水中第一类污染物的采样点位

ＧＢ８９７８－９６《污水综合排放标准》规定，“第一类污染物一律在车间或车间处理设施排放口采样。”在实际工作中执行这一规定，则必须根据生产排污特点及排水管网配置情况来设置采样点位。１车间和处理设施排放口现状目前，工厂废水排污口较为规范，但一类污染物废水...     

COD工业废水样的保存及结果准确度的探讨

根据《环境监测分析方法》规定:测COD的水样保存为加硫酸使pH<2,此时样品可保存七天。鉴于各行业工厂排放的废水性质差异很大,组分极其复杂,必然给样品的保存带来不同的影响。为找出各种废水合适的保存条件及保存效果。我们分别对纺织、印染、制药、食品、化工、农药等23个工厂的水样进行了保存试验。同时对样品进行了加标回收试验,对方法的准确度进行了验证。     

《水生生物毒性试验在工业污染源(废水)监测中的应用研究》课题通过鉴定

由南京市环保局下达,南京市环境监测中心站承担的《水生生物毒性试验在工业污染源(废水)监测中的应用研究》课题,经过课题组同志两年辛勤努力,于1990年底顺利通过鉴定.该课题对南京市14个行业29家工厂40余种废水进行了鱼类、蚤类、藻类及水生寡毛类的实验室急性、慢性毒性测试以及现场毒性测试.根据测试结果,确定了南京市主要工业污染源和     

铁路机车工厂含油废水处理试验研究

本研究根据铁路机车工厂含油废水的排放特点，经过静态和生产性动态模型试验，确定了调节隔油沉淀－－混凝沉淀－－砂滤的处理工艺。混凝沉淀处理后油和ＣＯＤ去除率在９０％和８０％以上，砂滤出水油和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达９５％和９０％，出水浊度低于２度。此水质可回用于有关生产车间。静态和动态对比试验表明，静态试验结果可应用于生产性设计、该处理工艺切实可行。     

油轮压舱废水的特性分析

对油轮压舱废水的可生化性进行了分析研究，既讨论了压舱废水的ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ的相关关系，又分析了ＣＯＤ与ＴＯＣ比值，同时还用色谱－质谱作了压舱废水中有机组分的分析。三方面的结果均表明油轮压舱废水的可生化性较差，压舱废水中有机组分以高分子量的直链烷烃为主。在此基础上，提出了对油轮压舱废水的处理建议。     

美国环境监测一百年历史回顾及其借鉴 (续三)

4.2水质监测 　　4.2.1背景 　　4.2.1.1水质污染的形势[18] 　　70年代是美国水质污染最严重的时期.水体中各项主要污染物浓度居高不下.70年代初美国有30多万家工厂,每年排放废水38亿t以上,这些废水大多数未经充分处理或根本未处理.1977年全美246个排水流域中,95%的水体受污染.连北方的五大湖水系也难逃厄运.……     

稀土生产废水治理方案综述

论述了稀土生产废水对环境的影响和危害，针对其影响和然害，从回收资源和废水达标排放角度，对稀土生产产生的酸性废水，硫铵废水和氯铵废水的各种处理方法进行了论述，通过对各种处理方法的筛选，优化，确定了最佳处理方案。     

造纸废水灌溉对湿地土壤中有机质含量的影响

以草浆造纸废水灌溉芦苇湿地为题，通过对污灌后土壤中有机质含量的测定，研究了造纸废水对土壤中有机质的影响，为资源化利用造纸废水提供了理论依据．     

乳状液膜法处理化工废水应用研究进展

介绍了乳状液膜分离技术在处理化工废水方面具有的优点，研究进展和应用实例，结合甘肃省化工废水的具体情况，提出了乳状液膜法在处理化工废水方面的应用前景。     

呼和浩特学生尿中1—羟基芘的抽样分析

用反相高压液相色谱对呼市小学生及对照点草原牧民尿中的１－羟基芘进行测定，同时测定两地区大气颗粒物及空气中多环芳烃的含量。结果表明，市区小学生尿中１－羟基芘的浓度采暖季节高于非采暧季节；且显著高于对照点的浓度；尿中１－羟基芘的浓度与空气中全态多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）的代表化合物芘或ＢａＰ有很好的正相关。     

Emission factor of mercury from coal-fired power stations

Mercury emission from coal-fired power stations, situated in Poland in the Silesian region was investigated. The determination methods for mercury in the consumed coal and in combustion gas, used in this research, are described. The mass of mercury emitted into the air from coal combustion in the power station is in constant relation to the mercury content in the consumed coal during the assumed period. A relationship between mercury emission into the air and the mercury content in the consumed coal in electric power stations is derived.     

基于环境一号卫星CCD数据的巢湖叶绿素a的动态监测

环境一号卫星CCD数据具有获取周期短、空间分辨率高等特点,能够及时准确地监测叶绿素a的浓度变化和分布,其在内陆湖泊水质遥感监测方面具有良好的应用前景。文章通过星地同步地面实验,建立起巢湖水体的叶绿素a浓度遥感反演模型,利用2009年4月至2010年3月的环境一号卫星CCD数据,分季节对巢湖叶绿素a行动态监测和分析。结果表明,巢湖叶绿素a具有明显的时空分布特征,夏季叶绿素a浓度最高,冬季最低,秋季高于春季;西半湖湖区叶绿素a浓度一般高于东半湖湖区,西北部和中部湖区空间变化比较大,东部湖区变化较小。     

Environmental variation between habitats and uptake of heavy metals by Urtica dioica

The observation from previous surveys, that Urtica dioica plants that had grown in metal contaminated soil in the floodplains of the former Rhine estuary in different habitats, but at comparable total soil metal concentrations, showed significant differences in tissue metal concentrations, led to the hypothesis that variation in other environmental characteristics than soil composition and chemical speciation of metals between habitats is also important in determining uptake and translocation of metals in plants. A field survey indicated that differences in root Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations might partly be explained by variation in speciation of metals in different habitats. However, shoot concentrations showed a different pattern that did not relate to variation in soil metal concentrations. In a habitat experiment Urtica dioica plants were grown in artificially contaminated soil in pots that were placed in the four habitats (grassland, pure reed, mixed reed, osier bed) that were also included in the field survey. After seven weeks the plants showed significant differences in Cu and Zn concentrations in roots and aboveground plant parts and in distribution of the metals in the plants between habitats. It was concluded that variation between habitats in environmental characteristics other than soil composition can explain as much variation in plants as can variation in soil metal concentrations and/or speciation. The implications for assessment of soil metal contamination and uptake by plants are discussed.     

合肥市环巢湖地区种植业面源污染监测与评价

通过2016-2018年在合肥市环巢湖5个县区主要农田周边沟渠中采集水样,监测农田氮磷流失浓度,并评价该区域种植业面源污染状况。结果表明,这3年该区域种植业TN、TP流失的平均质量浓度分别为3.48 mg/L、0.602 mg/L,均高于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准。2016年与2017年TN、TP浓度差异不大,2018年较前两年TN浓度有所提高,TP浓度相比显著降低。巢湖市农田沟渠水中TP浓度高于其他县区,TN浓度相对较低;NO-3 N浓度庐江县高于其他县区;NH 3 N地区间几乎没有差异。TP和NH 3 N浓度均为秋季高于夏季,TN和NO-3 N浓度均为夏季高于秋季。     

Occupational exposure to NDMA and NMor in the European rubber industry

Many nitrosamines are suspected of being human carcinogens, with the highest concentrations in the environment being measured in the rubber industry. Time trends of personal exposure to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and to N-nitrosomorpholine (NMor) during the past two decades in the German rubber industry were analysed and compared with cross-sectional studies in the same period in the Netherlands, Poland, the UK and Sweden. In the majority of the surveyed departments exposures reduced over time, but considerable heterogeneity was present between departments and sectors. Significant reductions were primarily found in curing and post-treating departments and ranged from -3% year(-1) to -19% year(-1). In contrast, NDMA levels increased (+13% year(-1)) in maintenance and engineering in the tyres industry. Average NDMA-levels in general rubber goods (GRG) and NMor-levels in tyre production in Germany did not decrease significantly in the past two decades, whereas NDMA-levels in tyre production (-10% year(-1)) and NMor-levels in GRG (-7% year(-1)) declined significantly after the introduction of an exposure limit for total nitrosamines in Germany in 1988. Confidence intervals of average exposures in other studied countries largely overlap trends observed in Germany. Exposure to N-nitrosamines decreased on average two-to-five fold in the German rubber industry with comparable concentration levels in other European countries. Although average levels are well below the current limits exposure has not been eliminated, and incidental high exposures do still occur.     

Metal levels in sediments and transplanted mussels in Pagassitikos Gulf (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean)

Metal concentrations were determined in surface sediments and transplanted mussels in a shallow semi-enclosed bay, Pagassitikos Gulf, Aegean Sea. Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and As levels in sediments were enriched close to point sources of pollution, i.e., Volos Port and cement plant. Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni spatial distributions in sediments were rather uniform with increasing concentrations towards deeper sites, suggesting natural enrichment, whereas levels found in the port, although elevated, were not the highest in the study area. Spatial variations in concentrations of most metals in mussels transplanted nearshore were generally in accordance to those in sediments, with the highest Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Cu levels in the port and the highest Hg levels close to the cement plant. Concentrations of metals in sediments and transplanted mussels were comparable to those reported in Mediterranean areas. Results indicate that pollution point sources contribute to anthropogenic metal enrichment in the study area.     

Investigation of pollution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls in the typical drinking water sources in Jiangsu Province, China

Concentration and composition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the typical drinking water sources in Jiangsu Province were studied by scene investigation and physical and chemical analyses as well. Total amount of PCBs in some surface water and surface microlayers exceeded the standard (20 ng/l) in the "Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water". There were less PCBs in suspended substances and bottom mud. It reflected that there was less PCB pollution in drinking water sources in Jiangsu Province for quite a long period. The main kind of PCBs in the typical drinking water sources was dichlorobiphenyl. Monochlorobiphenyl and trichlorobiphenyl ranked next to dichlorobiphenyl. In the study of PCB distribution in drinking water sources, it was found that the concentration of PCBs in surface microlayer was higher than that in deep water. The concentration of PCBs along the Yangtze River bank was more than that in the middle of Yangtze River. PCBs in the typical drinking water sources mostly came from by-products in industrial production.     

In utero and post-natal accumulation of organochlorine compounds in children under different environmental conditions

A study of intake of organochlorine compounds (OCs) in children both in utero and at the age of four years has been performed in two cohorts. One encompasses children born in Menorca Island between 1997 and 1998, and the other those born between 1997-1999 in Ribera d'Ebre, an in-land industrial-agricultural area of Catalonia. Comparison of the OC concentrations in serum samples from both populations, including those obtained from cord blood and blood collected at four years, provides information on the influence of local pollution sources in the accumulation of these compounds. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) have been found for hexachlorobenzene, indicating that chronic airborne contamination to this compound in Ribera d'Ebre involved higher in utero exposure, which increased in the first four years of growth. Similarly, in the cohort of Menorca, higher in utero exposure to PCBs was observed and this increased subsequently in the first four years of growth. Other compounds encompassing temporal contamination episodes such as gamma-HCH involved higher in utero exposure but strongly diminished in the first four years of growth. Overall, it can be concluded that local chronic pollution by OCs has a direct effect in children living in the surrounding areas. This influence is reflected in higher exposure, both in utero and in the first years of growth, that significantly stands out over the background contamination due to the ubiquity of these compounds.     

宁波市颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度水平、分布及来源分析

讨论了2003年宁波市颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度水平、分布及来源,结果表明,PM10中PAHS占TSP中总量的83%,PM2.5中的PAHS占TSP总量的54%,颗粒物中多环芳烃主要存在于小于10μm的颗粒中。颗粒物中多环芳烃季节变化特征明显,夏季最低,冬季最高。汽车尾气对PM10中多环芳烃的贡献率达56%,汽车尾气是颗粒物中多环芳烃的主要来源。