塔里木河下流土地利用格局的景观生态学评价

利用1988－2000年新疆塔里木河下游TM影像解译的土地覆盖（土地利用图）和景观多样性指数、斑块重要值、破碎度、分维数等景观生态学指标，进行了塔里木河下游土地利用格局的空间分布和时间动态分析。     

基于RS-GIS伊犁河谷土地利用-土地覆盖变化研究

解译2000和2005年伊犁河谷的Landsat TM遥感影像,分析和探讨土地利用-土地覆盖现状和动态变化及其特征.结果表明,伊犁河谷土地利用总体程度低,土地利用过程还处于发展阶段,土地利用-土地覆盖面积变化显著,由此引起的生态环境问题也日益明显.     

塔里木河下游土地利用格局的景观生态学评价

利用 1 988— 2 0 0 0年新疆塔里木河下游TM影像解译的土地覆盖 (土地利用图 )和景观多样性指数、斑块重要值、破碎度、分维数等景观生态学指标 ,进行了塔里木河下游土地利用格局的空间分布和时间动态分析。     

丹江湿地国家级自然保护区及其内外区域2000—2015年土地覆被变化分析

为研究2000—2015年丹江湿地国家级自然保护区及其内外生态状况变化和保护成效,基于高分1号数据生产的2m高分辨率遥感影像数据对丹江湿地国家级自然保护区2015年人类活动状况进行分析,基于30 m分辨率的4期TM遥感影像生产的土地覆被数据和基于Modis遥感影像生产的植被覆盖度数据,对淅川县、丹江湿地国家级自然保护区及其核心区的土地覆被状况、土地覆被转类指数及其土地覆被转类途径的主导程度和3个相关区域范围内的生态系统质量以及不同区域土地覆被变化的主要变化原因进行分析。结果表明,保护区核心区的格局和质量在该区域处于最优,且土地覆被变化状况也以核心区转类指数最高;丹江湿地国家级自然保护区内的主要人类活动影响为耕地,其次包括居民点、采石场、养殖场; 15年间,保护区内外土地覆被均呈现转好趋势,但是保护区内变化优于保护区外,保护区核心区优于整个保护区,且转好的主导因素均是耕地变为湿地; 15年间植被覆盖度变化较小。     

基于RS/GIS的新疆绿洲动态变化研究

在新疆土地利用，土地覆盖类型判读解译的基础上，对新疆绿洲近五年来的面积变化及发展趋势进行了分析。目前，在人类活动的干扰下，新疆绿洲面积正以平均每年822．48km^2的速度扩大。     

湟水流域土地资源环境承载力分析

以湟水流域为研究区，从生态敏感性、土地利用生态适宜性角度分析流域土地资源利用合理性，以生态用地为约束评价土地资源环境承载能力。结果表明：流域内中度敏感区占比最高，为4170%，主要处于以高、中覆盖度草地、林地、水域及未利用土地为主的浅山区和脑山区的相交区域；高度敏感区占比1513%，集中分布于以林地为主的脑山区。9887%的城乡工矿居民用地处于非敏感区和一般敏感区内，流域内城乡建设用地类型空间布局总体上与生态环境相适应，布局合理；水域、高覆盖度草地和林地的改变会对生态环境造成很大影响，不适宜开发利用。     

土地快速渗滤系统的水力负荷研究

通过对细砂，中砂，粗砂３种土样的粒度分析，物理性质试验，入渗率试验和影响入渗率因素试验，得出入渗率随时间的指数关系及设计水力负荷时需要注意的影响因素，为土地快速渗滤系统的水力负荷设计提供了依据和方法。     

我国中西部地区土地资源利用与农业可持续发展

我国中西部地区幅员辽阔，拥有丰富的生物和矿产资源。随着西部大开发战略的实施以及我国“十五”计划和2010年远景发展目标的提出，西部的发展越来越成为世人瞩目的焦点，如何利用中西部地区丰富的土地资源，以实现该地区农业的可持续发展是本文关注的话题。提出了中西部地区土地资源的基本特点及其制约经济发展的客观原因，并提出了保护和开发中西部地土地资源的几种可行性手段。     

内蒙古额济纳旗地下水位变化对天然绿洲的影响及相应对策

黑河流域水资源以河水与地下水之间的转化，使南北盆地构成统一的“河水－－地下水”的水资源转化系统。区域地下水运动的总趋势是由财向北，与河流发育方向基本一致，地下水痊是南深北浅。下游段以北的内蒙古额济纳旗天然绿州生息主要依赖地下水源。帮研究地下水位变化对天然绿洲的影响及采取相庆的保护对策，尤其对保护下游绿州显得致关重要。     

污水土地处理系统中干湿周期的室内模拟实验研究

利用甘肃省西部荒漠地区的砂土样，对城市生活污水进行渗滤度验，探明了该地区土壤的渗透特性及其变化规律，从而为城市污水的土地处理及再利用提供了较为可靠的理论依据。     

紧急调水后塔河下游生态环境的改善恢复情况

塔里木河下游河道断流已经二十多年，地下水位持续下降，绿色走廊濒临绝境，抢救塔里木河下游绿色走廊已迫在眉睫，2001年4月1日第3次向塔河下游输水，并确保向下游输水3亿m^3至台特玛湖，对此分析了紧急调水后塔河下游生态环境的改善情况。     

塔里木河下游植被指数的遥感监测

为了了解塔里木河下游9次应急输水的生态环境效益，利用MODIS—NDVI最大合成法、差值法，分析了塔里木河下游植被指数的年际变化情况，结果表明：（1）塔里木河下游地区植被覆盖度变化中增加区面积呈增加趋势。（2）2002年与输水初期相比，植被覆盖度增加区主要分布于上段和中段的老塔里木河及其文阔尔河河道两侧，下段河道覆盖度增加区仅零星分布于距河道0．3km左右的地势低洼区域。2003年以后，下段植被覆盖度增加区面积已达84．30km^2，是2002年的3．16倍，主要分布在距离河道0．5km左右的河道两侧。至2007年塔里木河下游河道两侧植被覆盖度增加区的变化是比较显著的，特别是下段植被覆盖增加区呈带状分布于距河道1．5km左右的范围内。植被指数遥感监测说明塔里木河下游地区的生态环境得到明显改善。     

孔雀河中下游生态环境治理探讨

孔雀河作为塔里木河流域的一条重要河流，被誉为巴音郭楞州人民的“母亲河”。近年来，由于博斯腾湖水位下降，孔雀河上游无序截水灌溉，导致其中下游极度干旱，巳严重威胁到绿色走廊的畅通以及下游农牧区的生产、生活和可持续发展。本文通过对孔雀河中下游环境现状的分析，从其治理的必要性、重要意义、基本原则、对策、建议等方面进行了探讨。     

Changes in aquatic vegetation and floodplain land cover in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois rivers (1989–2000–2010)

Quantifying changes in the cover of river-floodplain systems can provide important insights into the processes that structure these landscapes as well as the potential consequences to the ecosystem services they provide. We examined net changes in 13 different aquatic and floodplain land cover classes using photo interpreted maps of the navigable portions of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR, above the confluence with the Ohio River) and Illinois River from 1989 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010. We detected net decreases in vegetated aquatic area in nearly all river reaches from 1989 to 2000. The only river reaches that experienced a subsequent recovery of vegetated aquatic area from 2000 to 2010 were located in the northern portion of the UMR (above navigation pool 14) and two reaches in the Illinois River. Changes on the floodplain were dominated by urban development, which increased in nearly every river reach studied from 1989 to 2000. Agricultural lands declined in most river reaches from 2000 to 2010. The loss of agricultural land cover in the northern UMR was accompanied by increases in forest cover, whereas in the lower UMR and Illinois River, declines in agriculture were accompanied by increases in forest and shallow marsh communities. The changes in aquatic vegetation occupied between 5 and 20% of the total aquatic area and are likely associated with previously reported regional improvements in water clarity, while smaller (1–15% of the total floodplain area) changes in anthropogenic land cover types on the floodplain are likely driven by broad-scale socio-economic conditions.     

Nature of distribution of mercury in the sediments of the river Yamuna (tributary of the Ganges), India

Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), surface (bed sediments) and short length cores of sediments collected from the largest tributary of the river Ganges, namely the river Yamuna, were analysed for total mercury as well as its fractionation in various size and chemical sites in the sediments following standard procedures. Also, attempts were made to determine the vertical distribution in sediments in relation to the recent timescale of a few decades. Our observations indicate that the SPM in general showed higher levels of total mercury compared to the surface sediments while at places the enhancement could be by a factor of 10, say around 25 microg g(-1) in the downstream region that integrates the industrial midstream and agricultural downstream terrain near its confluence with the Ganges. Surface sediments in the upstream direction near the Himalayan foothills and SPM in the lower reaches showed significant high Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo) as defined by Müller. Size fractionation studies indicate that the finer fraction preferentially showed higher levels of mercury while in the lower reaches of the river, the total mercury is equitably distributed among all size fractions. The proportion of the residual fraction of mercury in relation to mobile fractions, in general decreases downstream towards its confluence with the Ganges river. In sediment cores, the vertical distribution show systematic peaks of mercury indicating that addition of this toxic metal to the aquatic system is in direct proportion to the increase in various types of human activities such as thermal power plants, land use changes (urbanisation) in the midstream region and intensive fertiliser application in lower reaches of this vast river basin.     

塔里木河流域的生态环境质量综合评价研究

采用切实可行的指标体系综合评价塔里木河流域生态环境质量,对流域的近期综合治理以及其它环境建设工程都具有很强的参考和指导意义。本文结合已有的研究成果,首次运用RS／GIS技术,参考2003年中国环境监测总站颁布的《生态环境质量评价方法》。以塔里木河流域的42个县(市)为评价单元,对塔里木河流域生态环境质量进行综合评价。结果表明,整个塔里木河流域的生态环境质量属较差和差级,其中干流上游与四源流经地区环境质量略好于其它地区。天山南麓、环塔里木盆地北部及西部绿洲区的生态环境状况优于环塔里木盆地南缘的和田地区,评价结果符合实际情况。     

Factors influencing the sinuosity of Pannagon River, Kottayam, Kerala, India: An assessment using remote sensing and GIS

The present study was carried out to identify the factors influencing the sinuosity of the Pannagon river, using the IRS P6 LISS III data and Geographical Information System (GIS) on 1:50,000 scale. The river follows meandering course and exhibits a narrow, highly sinuous and incised channel. Several lines of evidence including satellite and topographic data, geological maps and field investigations and the generated themes on lithology, structure, geomorphology, slope, riparian vegetation and hydrology have analyzed to understand the controls on the channel morphology of the Pannagon river. The average of sinuosity index of the selected reaches in the river on 1967 was 1.6 and of 2004 was 1.8. The sinuous patches are more in the lower reaches of the river and most of the area comes under floodplain with thick column of alluvial deposits. The analysis shown that the style and degree of sinuosity of the Pannagon river depends on a number of geological factors, including tectonics and the riparian vegetation also plays a major role.     

塔里木河下游输水河道二侧地下水埋深动态变化

根据2000-2003年的实地监测资料,分析了塔里木河下游生态输水过程中河道二侧地下水埋深的动态变化及其对沿岸植被的影响,提出了进一步提高塔里木河下游生态输水效益和加强区域生态环境保护工作的对策建议。     

塔里木河中游水质污染原因浅析

通过对2002、2003年塔里木河中游水质现状的分析及上下游水环境质量对比和污染因子对比,得出塔里木河中游水质污染的主要污染因子及形成污染的原因。为塔里木河流域综合治理、水资源合理利用和生态保护提供依据。     

The Natural Vegetation Responses to the Groundwater Change Resulting from Ecological Water Conveyances to the Lower Tarim River

This paper takes the ecological water conveyance project (EWCP) that transfers water from the Bosten Lake, to Daxihaizi Reservoir, and finally to the Taitema Lake as a case study to analyze the dynamic change of the groundwater depth, the vegetation responses to the elevation of the groundwater depth as well as the relationship between the groundwater depth and the natural vegetation. The results from many years’ monitoring in field indicate: (1) the groundwater depth has been elevating gradually with the increase in the times of watering and the elevation range has been expanding continuously in the lower reaches of Tarim River. Correspondingly, the natural vegetation has a favorable response to the elevation of the groundwater depth. The change of the natural vegetation has accordance with that of the groundwater depth. Such facts not only show that groundwater is a key factor to the growth of the native vegetation but also prove it is feasible that the degraded ecosystem can be restored and protected by the EWCP; (2) the results of analysis of the spatial-temporal response of the natural vegetation to watering reveals that the beneficial influence of the EWCP on the ecosystem in the lower Tarim River is a long-term process; (3) in terms of the function and structure of ecosystem after watering in the lower reaches of Tarim River, the EWCP does not still reach the goal of ecological restoration at a large spatial scale at present. Based on such monitoring results, some countermeasures and suggestions for the future restoration strategy are proposed so as to provide a theoretical basis for restoring and protecting the ecosystem in Tarim River, and meanwhile it can also provide some scientific references for implementing the similar ecological projects in other areas.