郏县红牛遗传育种研究进展

为了研究郏县红牛遗传育种研究进展,本文梳理了夏洛来牛、南德温牛、利木赞牛、红安格斯牛、丹麦红牛改良郏县红牛的研究进展,对郏县红牛基因多态性与生长性状的关系和基因遗传变异与生长性状的关系进行了梳理,结果表明：红安格斯牛可以提高郏县红牛的肉用性能和优质牛肉肉块重量,夏洛来牛改良郏县红牛可以提高牛肉品质;ZAG基因、IGF2基因、DGAT2基因、CLPG基因、AQP7基因可以作为生长性状辅助选择的基因,POU1F1基因第6外显子被Hinf I酶切后表现多态性,BB基因型个体可以作为生长性状辅助选择的基因,SREBP-1c基因内含子7区域84 bp缺失位点可以作为生长性状辅助选择的位点。     

黄牛LYST基因InDel检测及其与生长性状的关联分析

以LYST基因作为候选基因,基于GeneBank提供的序列,以鲁西牛、南阳牛、秦川牛、郏县红牛4个品种共计602个个体为试验材料,利用DNA池测序结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对LYST基因的插入缺失(InDel)进行探索验证,并对不同个体进行基因分型,再结合体尺数据分析不同基因型与生长性状的关系。结果表明:(1)黄牛LYST基因的第44内含子上检测到一段InDel,片段长度为22bp;(2)LYST基因内含子区P2InDel突变位点在郏县红牛、秦川牛、鲁西牛群体中均存在II、ID、DD共3种基因型,而在南阳牛群体中仅存在野生纯合基因型DD和杂合子ID两种基因型,无II基因型存在;(3)LYST基因第28号内含子区InDel位点多态性与郏县红牛的体高、胸围、体重、重高比及体躯指数之间存在显著相关性,可以作为候选分子标记用于郏县红牛分子标记辅助选择。结论:本研究在LYST基因第28内含子发现一个能显著影响郏县红牛生长性状的22bp插入突变,该突变可作为郏县红牛生长性状的潜在分子标记。     

3个黄牛品种的myostatin 5''调控区多态与生长性状的相关分析

用PCR-RFLPs方法对南阳牛、秦川牛、郏县红牛3个品种共411个个体的myostatin 5'调控区的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行分析.结果表明,3个品种在myostatin 5'调控区T→A突变以等位基因T为主,仅在郏县红牛中发现1个AA型纯合体,郏县红牛品种显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.05),其它品种处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05).对黄牛myostatin 5'调控区T→A突变与南阳牛、秦川牛和郏县红牛生长性状进行相关分析,结果显示,TT型南阳牛6月龄的胸围和胸围指数显著低于TA型个体,TT型南阳牛18月龄的体高显著高于TA型个体(P＜0.05),但基因型对秦川牛和郏县红牛生长性状的效应不显著(P＞0.05).提示在南阳牛的育种实践中应该综合考虑南阳牛生长阶段和所要选择的性状.     

AQP7基因内含子4多态性与郏县红牛生长性状的关联分析

本试验旨在研究郏县红牛AQP7基因内含子4的遗传变异,分析其遗传多态性对生长性状的影响。采用PCR-SSCP、DNA序列分析及生物信息学技术探讨郏县红牛AQP7基因内含子4的多态性及其与生长性状的关联情况。结果发现,郏县红牛AQP7基因内含子4存在A、B、C 3个等位基因,其基因频率依次为0.838、0.076、0.086;郏县红牛AQP7基因4种不同基因型与其体重和胸围有显著相关(P< 0.05),与其他指标不存在相关性(P> 0.05),且BC基因型个体的体重和胸围均显著大于其他3种基因型(P< 0.05)。暗示BC基因型是提高郏县红牛生长性状的有利基因型,AQP7基因内含子4的遗传多态性与郏县红牛的生长性状存在相关,因此可作为该品种生长性状分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。     

3个黄牛品种的myostatin 5′调控区多态与生长性状的相关分析

用PCR—RFLPs方法对南阳牛、秦川牛、郏县红牛3个品种共411个个体的myostatin 5′调控区的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）进行分析。结果表明，3个品种在myostatin 5′调控区T→A突变以等位基因T为主，仅在郏县红牛中发现1个AA型纯合体，郏县红牛品种显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〈0．05），其它品种处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P〉0．05）。对黄牛myostatin 5′调控区T→A突变与南阳牛、秦川牛和郏县红牛生长性状进行相关分析，结果显示，TT型南阳牛6月龄的胸围和胸围指数显著低于TA型个体，TT型南阳牛18月龄的体高显著高于TA型个体（P〈0．05），但基因型对秦川牛和郏县红牛生长性状的效应不显著（P〉0．05）。提示在南阳牛的育种实践中应该综合考虑南阳牛生长阶段和所要选择的性状。     

牛PLAG1基因多态性与大别山牛生长性状的相关性分析

以安徽大别山牛为试验群体,采用PCR和直接测序技术检测PLAG1基因的多态性,并探讨其多态性对大别山牛生长性状的影响,为大别山牛体尺性状的标记辅助选择和育种提供理论依据。利用在线软件分析牛PLAG1基因的结构特性,计算等位基因频率、基因型频率和遗传多样性指数,分析HardyWeinberg平衡状态,利用SPSS软件探索PLAG1基因多态性与大别山牛群体体尺性状的相关性。结果显示:牛PLAG1基因编码蛋白质前体结构包含有6个ZnF_C2H2区域和4个low complexity区域,PLAG1基因第1内含子区检测到1个19-bp Indel位点,3’UTR区检测到1个变异位点g.48316CT,二者均属于中度多态(0.25PIC0.50),其中19-bp Indel位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05),且DD基因型个体和WD基因型个体的腰角宽和坐骨端宽均显著优于WW基因型个体(P0.05);g.48316CT位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05),且CT基因型个体的胸围显著优于TT基因型个体和CC基因型个体(P0.05)。该研究结果初步表明牛PLAG1基因的多态性与其体尺性状显著相关,可以作为大别山牛体尺性状标记辅助选择候选基因之一。     

肌联蛋白基因SNPs位点多态性与延边黄牛生长性状间的关联分析

为了研究延边黄牛肌联蛋白(Titin,TTN)基因的多态性对延边黄牛生长性状的影响,选取208头健康的32月龄延边黄牛,利用PCRRFLP和PCR-SSCP方法进行TTN基因遗传变异检测。结果表明:延边黄牛TTN基因存在2个突变位点,分别为A47751G突变,导致氨基酸Ile→Val的错义突变,C73301A同义突变;χ2检验显示,2个突变位点在所检测延边黄牛群体中处于Hard-Weinberg平衡状态(P005);关联分析显示,延边黄牛TTN基因2个突变位点的不同基因型与体高、体斜长、胸围和尻长上差异显著(P005)。将2个突变位点合并基因型分析结果表明,组合AACC基因型个体在体高和体斜长显著高于AATT型个体(P005),初步认为TTN基因对延边黄牛生长性状的有显著影响,其中组合AACC可能是影响延边黄牛生长性状的最佳基因型组合。     

ASB12基因SNPs位点多态性与延边黄牛生长性状关联分析

为研究延边黄牛细胞因子信号转导相关(ASB12)基因多态性与延边黄牛体尺性状的相关性,以203头同等饲养条件下延边黄牛阉牛为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测ASB12基因的SNPs位点,并将其与延边黄牛体尺性状进行关联分析。结果:ASB12基因存在2个突变位点,分别为T709C突变,导致氨基酸Leu→Pro的错义突变;C1039T突变,导致氨基酸Pro→Leu的错义突变。χ~2检验显示,2个突变位点在所检测延边黄牛群体中处于Hard-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。关联分析显示,延边黄牛ASB12基因2个突变位点的不同基因型与体高、体斜长差异显著(P0.05)。将2个突变位点合并基因型分析结果表明,组合AACG基因型个体在体高和体斜长显著高于组合BBGG型个体(P0.05)。初步认为ASB12基因对延边黄牛生长性状的有显著影响,其中组合AACG可能是影响延边黄牛生长性状的最佳基因型组合。     

CRTC3基因多态性及基因型组合与秦川牛生长性状的关联分析

旨在探讨CRTC3基因作为秦川牛生长性状候选基因的可能性,寻找与秦川牛生长相关的分子标记。本研究采用PCR-RFLP方法检测395头健康秦川牛CRTC3基因的多态性,分析其多态位点不同基因型及组合基因型与秦川牛生长性状的关联性。结果发现,CRTC3基因扩增序列区间存在2个SNPs位点(位于外显子区域的G66478C和位于内含子区域的C91297T)。关联性分析表明,在本试验所选取的395头秦川牛群体中,G66478C位点GC基因型个体在体斜长方面极显著高于CC型个体均值(P0.01),且在胸深方面显著高于CC型个体均值(P0.05)。在C91297T位点,CT基因型个体均值在体斜长、腰高、尻长和胸深方面显著高于TT基因型个体均值(P0.01)。CRTC3基因的优势基因型组合CC-TT的个体在腰高、尻长上极显著高于CC-CT基因型组合的个体均值(P0.01),且基因型组合CC-TT的个体在胸深、胸围显著高于CC-CT组合的个体均值(P0.05)。综上,可以尝试将CRTC3基因作为影响秦川牛生长性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择,为秦川牛选育工作提供科学依据。     

秦川牛TRAF6基因多态及其与体尺性状的关联分析

牛TRAF6基因位于15号染色体上,含有七个外显子,共编码902个氨基酸,是生长发育相关的候选基因。本研究旨在分析陕西地区秦川牛TRAF6基因多态及其与体尺性状之间的关系。本研究针对秦川牛TRAF6基因外显子及部分非编码序列设计引物,利用DNA池做为模板扩增测序,在第六内含子17 628bp处发现1个SNP。通过运用PCRRELP方法对该位点多态进行分析,结果发现存在2种基因型,分为TT和TC。TT的基因型频率为0.9574,TC的基因型频率0.0426;等位基因T的频率为0.9787,等位基因C的频率为0.0213,TT的基因型频率显著高于基因型TC,为优势基因型,TT基因型个体各体尺性状数据普遍高于TC基因型个体。本研究首次对陕西地区秦川牛的TRAF6基因进行了多态性分析,在第六内含子处发现了基因突变位点,且该突变位点与秦川牛体尺和体重等重要生长性状有关,可以作为分子标记辅助选择的参考。     

siRNA特异性抑制犊牛原代肝细胞SREBP—1c基因的表达

固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c（SREBP-1c）是脂肪合成基因的重要转录调节因子,又称脂肪细胞决定和分化因子1。SREBP-1c主要在动物肝脏和脂肪细胞中表达,是脂肪代谢中重要的核转录因子,它可以通过调节脂肪代谢相关酶基因的表达来调控动物体内的脂肪合成。本试验设计合成了SREBP—1c的siRNA,通过脂质体转染将siR...     

Lipogenic gene expression in abdominal adipose and liver tissues of diet-induced overweight cats

The effect of overweight status on the expression of SREBP-1c and downstream lipogenic genes, such as ATP citrate lyase (ACL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in abdominal adipose and liver tissues was determined in cats using a diet-induced weight gain model. ACL and SREBP-1c mRNA expression was significantly reduced (～65% and 20%, respectively) in liver tissue, whereas FAS and SREBP-1c expression was significantly increased (～80% and 45%, respectively) in abdominal omental adipose tissue of overweight animals as compared to healthy animals. Additionally, ACL, FAS, and SREBP-1c expression was significantly reduced by ～50%, 75%, and 70%, respectively, in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight animals. Omental adipose tissue appeared to foster, whereas subcutaneous adipose and liver tissues appeared to defer lipid storage based on differences in SREBP-1c mRNA expression. Overall, reduced lipogenic gene mRNA expression patterns support the hypothesis that SREBP-1c expression is reduced in overweight and possibly obese cats, reflecting down-regulation of the lipogenic pathway to prevent further fat accumulation and weight gain.     

Effect of maternal rearing on lipid metabolism-related gene expression in offspring broilers during embryonic development

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal rearing on lipid metabolism and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in offspring broilers during embryonic development. 2. One hundred laying Sanhuang breeders were divided into two groups, and either floor-reared or cage-reared on the same diet. Liver and serum samples were extracted on days 14 and 19 of embryonic development and at hatching. The lipid metabolism related gene expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), apolipoprotein B100(apoB100), sterol regulating element binding protein (SREBP-1c), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPARα) genes were determined using real time RT-PCR. 3. The results showed that embryonic weight, liver weight, serum and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) concentration and serum triglyceride (TG) content were not significantly different between the cage-reared group and the floor-reared group during embryonic development. However, embryonic weight, liver weight, serum and hepatic TC concentration and serum TG content in the cage-reared group were significantly higher than in the floor-reared group at hatching. 4. Hepatic ACC, FAS, SREBP-1c, ME and apoB genes expression were not significantly different between the cage-reared and the floor-reared groups during E9 and E14 development. Hepatic ME gene expression in the cage-reared group was higher than in the floor-reared group during E19 development. However, hepatic FAS, SREBP-1c, CPT-1 and PPARα gene expressions in the cage-reared group was higher than in the floor-reared group. 5. A change in the maternal regime could regulate lipid metabolism in offspring broilers during embryonic development, and especially at hatching.     

基于芯片数据分析关于SREBP-1c调控脂肪代谢过程作用机理的研究

为了研究SREBP-1c作为脂肪代谢过程中重要的核转录因子参与调控动物脂肪代谢过程作用的机理,试验采用显著性差异表达分析及其通路分析在基因表达谱数据库(GEO)中收集到的转录因子SREBP-1c相关的小鼠脂肪组织的转录本芯片数据。结果表明:SREBP-1c是通过一系列的与细胞分化作用相关的靶基因及其通路参与调控脂肪代谢过程的。     

In ovo leptin administration affects hepatic lipid metabolism and microRNA expression in newly hatched broiler chickens

Background: A leptin-like immunoreactive substance has been found in chicken eggs and has been implicated in serving as a maternal signal to program offspring growth and metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of in ovo leptin administration on hatch weight, serum and hepatic concentrations of metabolites and hormones, as well as on the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and the predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the affected genes. To this end we injected fertile eggs with either 0.5 μg of recombinant murine leptin or vehicle (PBS) before incubation. Results: Prenatally leptin-exposed chicks showed lower hatch weight, but higher liver weight relative to the body weight, compared to the control group. In ovo leptin treatment increased the hepatic content and serum concentration of leptin in newly hatched chickens. The hepatic contents of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (Tch) were decreased, whereas the serum levels of TG, Tch and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were increased. The hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulator element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c), SREBP-2, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1) was significantly up-regulated, as was the protein content of both SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 in hepatic nuclear extracts of leptin-treated chickens. Moreover, out of 12 miRNAs targeting SREBP-1c and/or HMGCR, five were significantly up-regulated in liver of leptin-treated chicks, including gga-miR-200b and gga-miR-429, which target both SREBP-1c and HMGCR. Conclusions: These results suggest that leptin in ovo decreases hatch weight, and modifies hepatic leptin secretion and lipid metabolism in newly hatched broiler chickens, possibly via microRNA-mediated gene regulation.     

牦牛不同组织SREBP-1基因表达差异分析

在不同季节分别采集青海省祁连县、大通县和湟中县牦牛的肝脏、肾脏和结肠,提取Total RNA,在逆转录聚合酶的作用下生成cDNA,利用Real-time PCR检测牦牛甾醇类调控元件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)基因mRNA的表达水平。结果显示,牦牛不同组织中SREBP-1基因相对表达量由大到小顺序为,肝脏、肾脏、结肠。SREBP-1基因在不同季节中除了2016年春季的牦牛,其他的均以肝脏样品中的SREBP-1 mRNA相对定量拷贝数最高。不同季节间SREBP-1基因在2015年春季和2016年春季中相对表达量差异极显著。3个组织间SREBP-1基因在结肠和肝脏中相对表达量差异呈极显著(P<0.01),在肾脏和肝脏中相对表达量差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Across-breed expected progeny differences: use of within-breed expected progeny differences to adjust breed evaluations for sire sampling and genetic trend.

Data on 2,034 F1 calves sired by Angus, Hereford, Polled Hereford, Charolais, Limousin, Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Tarentaise bulls with Hereford or Angus dams and data on 3,686 three-breed-cross calves with 700 F1 dams of the same breed crosses were used for this study. Traits analyzed were birth, weaning, yearling, and 420-d weights (BWT, WW, YW, and W420, respectively) of F1 calves and WW of three-breed-cross calves. Expected progeny differences from national cattle evaluation programs for sires of F1 calves and cows for BWT, WW, YW, and net maternal ability (milk) were used to assess their value in prediction of crossbred performance. Regressions of actual F1 calf performance on sire EPD were positive for BWT (1.09 +/- .12 kg/kg of BWT EPD), WW (.79 +/- .14 kg/kg of WW EPD), YW (1.44 +/- .16 kg/kg of YW EPD), and W420 (1.66 kg/kg of YW EPD). These regression coefficients were similar to the expected value of 1.0 for BWT and WW but were larger than expected for YW and W420. Regressions of actual three-breed-cross calf WW on milk and WW EPD of their maternal grandsires were .95 +/- .14 and .42 +/- .10 kg/kg, respectively, and differed little from their expectations of 1.0 and .5, respectively. Observed breed of sire means for each trait were adjusted for sire sampling by using EPD regressions to adjust them to the average EPD of all sires of each breed born in 1970.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 on Milk Fat Synthesis of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

The fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) is an intracellular lipid carrier. The TG GPO-POD assay kit and BODIPY staining methods were used to detect lipid secretion and triglyceride content,and the effect of FABP5 on SREBP-1c expression were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods. The results showed that high purity bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were successfully isolated and purified,and the eukaryotic expression vector pGCMV-IRES-EGFP-FABP5 was constructed in this experiment. Compared with the blank control group and empty vector group,the lipid secretion and triglyceride content, and the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS,ACC were extremely significantly increased when the FABP5 was overexpressed (P<0.01). FABP5 siRNA1 was selected as the optimal interference fragment, and when FABP5 was inhibited,the lipid secretion and triglyceride content,the expression of SREBP-1c,FAS and ACC were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that FABP5 could promote the synthesis of milk fat in BMEC by up-regulating the expression of SREBP-1c.     

脂肪酸结合蛋白5对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂合成的影响

脂肪酸结合蛋白5（fatty acid binding protein 5,FABP5）是一种胞内脂质运载体。本试验应用甘油三酯测定法及BODIPY染色法检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cell,BMEC）中甘油三酯及脂滴分泌情况,采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting技术检测BMECs中FABP5对固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c（SREBP-1c）的表达影响。结果显示,试验成功获得高纯度的BMECs,构建了pGCMV-IRES-EGFP-FABP5真核表达载体,且与空白对照组和空载体组相比,FABP5过表达组的甘油三酯和脂滴分泌量极显著增加（P<0.01）,同时SREBP-1c及靶基因FAS、ACC的表达量均极显著增加（P<0.01）;试验成功筛选了FABP5 siRNA1为最佳干扰片段,当FABP5抑制时,抑制组的甘油三酯、脂滴分泌量极显著减少（P<0.01）,SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC的表达量均极显著降低（P<0.01）。表明FABP5可通过上调SREBP-1c的表达从而促进BMEC中乳脂的合成。