犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律,试验收集哈尔滨地区2016—2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例,采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断,并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示,71例确诊肿瘤病例中,恶性肿瘤28例,包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例,基底细胞癌5例,乳腺癌14例,淋巴瘤2例,肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例;良性肿瘤43例,包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例,纤维瘤10例,平滑肌瘤5例,乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例,造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中,乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位,分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%;患病犬年龄1~16岁不等,平均发病年龄为9.1岁,7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期,中老年犬仍为主要发病群体,但低龄犬发病数量上升;各品种犬均可发生肿瘤,其中杂种犬发病率最高,其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬,且主要为乳腺肿瘤;饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主,分别占患犬总数的39%和30%;部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关,如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据,对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

38例犬肿瘤的病理诊断及分析

收集深圳市2010年－2012年部分宠物医院的犬肿瘤病例41例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤病例进行组织学分类，并对患病动物的年龄、性别和发生部位进行了统计分析。38例确诊肿瘤病例中，皮肤肿瘤有19例，包括鳞状细胞癌4例、基底细胞癌5例、乳头状瘤3例，皮脂腺瘤和肛周腺癌各2例，脂肪瘤、黑色素瘤、角化棘皮瘤各1例；乳腺肿瘤9例，包括乳腺癌3例、乳腺鳞状细胞癌2例、乳腺癌肉瘤2例、黏液癌1例，患犬以雌性为主；其他部位肿瘤分别有纤维肉瘤2例，血管瘤、肺癌、淋巴瘤、睾丸精原细胞瘤、睾丸支柱细胞瘤、组织细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、乳头状瘤各1例。上述结果显示，犬肿瘤的高发部位是皮肤，其次是乳腺，其发生年龄以7岁以上为多，在发病动物的品种上没有明显差别；除乳腺肿瘤外，其余肿瘤的性别差异不大。本研究为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据。     

44例宠物犬肿瘤病理诊断及分析

收集北京地区2015~2016年宠物医院的部分宠物犬肿瘤病例56例,采用组织病理学方法进行病理诊断,并对患病动物的品种、发生部位、年龄和性别与肿瘤发生关系进行了统计分析。结果发现,56个病例中有44例确诊为肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤21例,包括肛周腺瘤、皮脂腺瘤和肥大细胞瘤等;恶性肿瘤23例,包括乳腺癌、鳞状上皮细胞癌和肛周腺癌等。本次采集的病例中,大型犬与小型犬发病率持平,皮肤、肛周与乳腺部位肿瘤的发生率较高;7岁以后是肿瘤高发期;雌性犬皮肤和乳腺肿瘤的患病率高于雄性,雄性宠物犬肛周腺肿瘤的发生率高于雌性,肿瘤总患病率雄性与雌性持平。本研究为今后宠物犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了新的参考资料。     

一例老年犬乳腺肿瘤的诊治

乳腺肿瘤是一种常见的肿瘤性疾病，多发于未绝育的老年雌性犬，其发病年龄主要在8～12岁，雄性犬病例少见。详细介绍了一例犬乳腺肿瘤的诊断与治疗方案，患犬为10岁老年雌性犬，经临床检查及病理学检查最终确诊为恶性肿瘤，经手术及药物治疗后出院。     

南京地区宠物犬肿瘤临床病理学诊断与发病分析

从南京地区多家宠物医院共收集35例犬肿瘤门诊病例,了解宠物犬肿瘤临床发病情况,并对致瘤因素进行分析。侧重了解病例临床病史及症状表现,并对肿瘤类型进行组织病理学分析,研究患犬品种、年龄、性别及饲养管理等因素对肿瘤发病的影响。结果表明,犬临床常见的肿瘤多发于7个组织部位,其中以乳腺肿瘤的发病率最高(31.43%),其次为皮肤肿瘤(25.71%);各品种犬均可发生肿瘤,小型犬肿瘤发病率略高于中大型犬,其中贵宾犬肿瘤发病率最高(20.00%),且主要为乳腺肿瘤。患犬年龄从10月龄至17岁不等,平均发病年龄为8.98岁,中老年犬仍为主要发病群体,但低龄犬发病数量上升;部分肿瘤发病与患犬品种、性别及绝育状况有关;饮食习惯也会影响肿瘤发病率。     

101例犬睾丸肿瘤病例的回顾性分析

调查犬睾丸肿瘤的发病及治疗情况，探讨原发肿瘤及骨髓抑制对疾病预后的影响。从中国农业大学动物医院2020年5月至2022年7月接诊的病例中筛选出101例符合要求的睾丸肿瘤病例，记录患犬的基本信息、实验室检查结果、诊断信息及治疗和预后情况进行统计学分析。结果显示，常见的睾丸肿瘤有间质细胞瘤(51.7%)、精原细胞瘤(27.3%)、支持细胞瘤(17.5%)。腹内隐睾常见的肿瘤类型为支持细胞瘤(76.9%),睾丸肿瘤的主要发病品种为贵宾犬(22.8%)、金毛寻回猎犬(19.8%)、杂种犬(8.9%)。睾丸肿瘤平均发病年龄为10.9岁，不同类型肿瘤发病年龄无显著差异(P>0.05)。并发全血细胞减少症的患犬预后差，存活期均未超过30 d。犬睾丸肿瘤患病动物的半年以上、1年以上和2年以上存活率分别为88.4%、73.8%和44.4%,死亡病例当中大部分(61.5%)死因与睾丸肿瘤无关。     

华北地区141例犬皮肤肿瘤回顾性分析

为了探究我国犬皮肤肿瘤的发病规律和风险因素,本试验收集了2021年华北地区部分动物医院的自然发病的犬肿瘤病例,采用组织病理学方法对肿瘤进行诊断,并对患病犬的年龄、性别和品种以及皮肤肿瘤的发生部位和类型进行统计分析。结果显示,389例犬肿瘤病例中,141例确诊为皮肤肿瘤,其中良性肿瘤103例(占比73.05%),恶性肿瘤38例(占比26.95%)。常见的皮肤肿瘤类型包括脂肪瘤(17例,占比12.06%)、软组织肉瘤(16例,占比11.35%)、毛发上皮瘤(16例,占比11.35%)、纤维瘤(14例,占比9.93%)和肥大细胞瘤(13例,占比9.22%);常发部位包括四肢(28例,占比21.54%)、头部(22例,占比16.92%)、会阴臀尾(21例,占比16.15%)、背部(18例,占比13.85%)和腹部(18例,占比13.85%);4～9岁为高发病风险年龄段,≤3岁年龄段发病风险较低;雄性犬比雌性犬的患病风险更高,去势/绝育不是犬皮肤肿瘤显著的风险因素;患皮肤肿瘤风险最高的品种为金毛寻回犬,风险最低的品种为混种犬。结果表明,犬皮肤肿瘤有一定的年龄、性别、品种和发病部位倾向性;华北地区...     

犬乳腺肿瘤组织病理学观察及腱糖蛋白C表达的检测

为了探讨腱糖蛋白C(TNC)表达与犬乳腺肿瘤生物学关系,对23例犬乳腺肿瘤临床病例进行病理学观察及分类,然后采用免疫组化SABC方法检测TNC蛋白在23例犬乳腺肿瘤和2例犬正常乳腺组织中的表达情况。结果显示:23例病例中,良性肿瘤有7例,占30.43%;恶性肿瘤有13例,占56.52%;增生病变有3例,占13.05%。在良性肿瘤中良性混合瘤最多,为3例,其余2例为导管内乳头状腺瘤,1例复杂腺瘤及1例纤维腺瘤。恶性肿瘤中,5例未分化癌,3例癌肉瘤,2例筛状癌,2例固体癌,1例纤维肉瘤,1例混合瘤引起的癌。TNC蛋白主要表达于细胞外基质。犬恶性乳腺肿瘤中,TNC蛋白阳性表达率为46.15%(6/13);良性乳腺肿瘤中,其阳性表达率为42.85%(3/7);乳腺增生病变和正常乳腺组织中,未见其表达。研究结果表明,TNC蛋白可以为犬乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供参考。     

犬睾丸精原细胞瘤病理学观察与分析

对犬精原细胞瘤进行病理学诊断和分析,探讨犬精原细胞瘤病理学特点,为诊断睾丸原发性肿瘤提供资料。观察比较犬精原细胞瘤组织病理学特征,总结精原细胞瘤的临床特征,为今后该类肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断提供有效资料。精原细胞瘤睾丸常见的原发性肿瘤,常见于老年犬,恶性睾丸肿瘤的发病率低。     

34例犬肛周肿物病理组织学观察与分析

收集2008—2015年部分宠物医院的犬肛周肿物病例34例,采用组织病理学方法对犬肛周肿物进行组织学分类,并对病例中动物的年龄、性别等信息进行统计分析。结果显示:34例犬肛周肿物中,肿瘤性病变有29例,其中肛周腺腺瘤11例,肛周腺腺癌10例,鳞状上皮细胞癌4例,肛周腺上皮瘤、脂肪瘤、转移性性肿瘤和纤维瘤各1例;肛周腺增生2例;炎症性病变2例,化脓性炎症和直肠糜烂溃疡各1例;还有1例为硬皮病。肿瘤病占85.3%,增生性病变占5.9%,炎症占5.9%,其他占2.9%。结果表明:犬肛周肿物疾病中常见的病变以肿瘤为主,其次为增生性病变和炎症,发病年龄多为中老年犬。本研究可以为犬肛周肿物的流行病学及诊断提供帮助。     

Histopathologic Diagnosis and Analysis of 44 Cases of Pet Dog Tumors

56 cases of suspected tumor materials from a pet hospital in Beijing were collected from 2015 to 2016, the histopathological method was used for tumor diagnosis, then the varieties of onset, sites, age and gender of tumors were statically analyzed. The results showed that among the 56 cases, 44 cases were diagnosed as tumors. There were 21 cases of benign tumor, including rianalgland adenomas, sebaceous adenoma,mast cell tumor and so on. There were 23 cases of malignant tumors, including breast cancer, squamous cell cancer, adenocarcinoma of anus and so on. The results indicated that skin, perianal and breast had a higher incidence. The tumor onset rate became higher after 7 years old. The skin tumors and breast cancer were more common in female pet dog, however, the anal gland peripheral tumor onset rate of male pet dogs was higher. This study provided a reference for the epidemiology and diagnosis of canine tumors in the future.     

Mammary cancer in the dog: a study of 120 cases.

Of the 120 cases of mammary cancer occurring in 117 female dogs (15 spayed), 2 male dogs, and 1 dog of undetermined sex, 107 (nearly 90%) were observed in dogs 8 to 15 years old. Mammary tumors occurred in nearly 14% of 875 female dogs with neoplasms. Nearly 60% of 128 neoplasms were located in the 4th and 5th mammary glands. Of the 128 cancers in these 120 dogs, 85 were classified as duct carcinoma, 38 as lobular carcinoma, 3 as malignant mixed tumor, and 2 as duct and lobular carcinomas. Most duct carcinomas originated in the epithelial cells of ducts at all levels, and a few arose in previously benign duct papillomas. The lobular carcinomas arose in alveoli and developed into progressively larger lobules. A negative factor in the development of mammary cancer is ovariectomy before or shortly after the first estrous cycle in the dog and before the age of 40 in women. In both dog and man, aging is a positive factor in the development of mammary cancer. In women, other positive factors are nulliparity and inheritance; e.g., a high rate of breast cancer in close female relatives of Jewish extraction. An epidemiologic study of breast cancer in man and dog in high-risk countries(e.g., United States) and low-risk countries (e.g., Japan) is indicated.     

Development, anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage, clinical features, and cell differentiation markers of canine mammary gland neoplasms

Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.     

犬乳腺肿瘤手术治疗及其预后的调查

本研究采用单个乳腺切除、区域乳腺切除、单侧乳腺切除对临床31例犬乳腺肿瘤病例进行手术治疗,调查不同手术方法及肿瘤质量对良性、恶性乳腺肿瘤术后预后的影响。结果显示,犬乳腺肿瘤的大小与其预后相关,随着犬瘤体质重的增加,其术后预后不良愈加明显,复发率、死亡率呈上升趋势;区域乳腺摘除术或乳腺完全根除术对乳腺肿瘤患犬的预后有一定影响。     

Mammary mucinous carcinoma in the cat

Mucinous carcinoma of the mammary gland is a rare tumor characterized by excessive mucin production. In human and canine pathology, the diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma is based on the demonstration of an epithelial phenotype of mucus-producing cells and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-diastase positivity of the mucin. The histologic and immunohistologic characteristics of feline mucinous mammary carcinoma were examined. Of 656 cases of feline mammary neoplasms and dysplasias, 3.2% were found to be mucin-producing tumors. Cytokeratin 19 (16 cases positive, 4 heterogenous, and 1 negative) and vimentin (15 cases positive, 2 heterogenous, and 4 negative) expression were examined, and the mucin produced was alcian blue positive. PAS-diastase staining was variable (38.1%). Based on these findings, mucinous mammary carcinoma in the cat varies significantly from the human and canine varieties and alcian blue is the prominent stain in the diagnosis of feline mucinous carcinoma.     

Relationship between receptors for insulin-like growth factor- I, steroid hormones and apoptosis-associated proteins in canine mammary tumors

In the veterinary literature there are few data concerning the expression of insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-IR) in the canine mammary gland tumors. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of IGF-IR expression and its correlation to the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR), proteins: Bcl-2, Bax, p53 in canine mammary gland tumors, and also a correlation with other features: bitch's age, tumor diameter, histologic type of tumor, degree of histologic malignancy, proliferate activity. The study was done on 112 epithelial neoplasms: 21 (19%) were adenoma, 38 (34%) complex carcinoma (adenocarcinoma), 47 (42%) simple carcinoma (adenocarcinoma) and 6 (5%) solid carcinoma. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods were employed. It was shown that more common and/or higher IGF-IR expression in cells of canine mammary gland tumors was related to the histologic type of cancer of worse prognostic (solid and simple carcinoma), high histologic degree of malignancy (III degrees) but the statistical analysis did not reveal any significant differences. We observed the high degree of IGF-IR expression in tumors which displayed the high ERalpha and PR expression. These results suggest the involvement of IGF-IR in the development of hormonosensitive canine mammary tumors. Additionally, the significant positive correlation between expression of IGF-IR and p53, Bax was found. Our study provides some evidence that interactions exist between the IGF-IR and these apoptosis-associated proteins may contribute to the development and progression of canine mammary gland tumors. These results require further investigations.     

p53 gene mutations occurring in spontaneous benign and malignant mammary tumors of the dog

Sixty-three cases of benign and malignant canine mammary tumors were analyzed to define the alteration of exons 5-8 for the p53 tumor suppressor gene using polymerase chain reaction direct sequence analysis with paraffin-embedded tissues. Four missense mutations were found in 38 benign mammary tumors (11%), and five missense (one tumor had two missense mutations) and one nonsense mutations were found in 25 mammary carcinomas (20%). These data suggest that the p53 gene alterations might be initiated at an early stage of canine mammary carcinogenesis and p53 mutations might be associated with malignancy. However, there was no evidence of any relationship between the p53 alterations and the histologic types of tumors or breeds of dogs.     

Correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors

Background: Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in female dogs. The histopathological diagnosis is usually made by a hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the tumor, which then requires a pathologist's judgment for assessment of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate an alternative silver staining of some argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) for improving the diagnostic accuracy with mammary tumors.
Hypothesis: There is a correlation between the histopathological diagnosis by AgNOR count and AgNOR area in canine mammary tumors.
Animals: Seventy-three canine mammary tumors from 33 female dogs.
Materials and Methods: The AgNOR staining was evaluated retrospectively in 73 canine mammary tumors with a parallel HE staining as a "Gold Standard." Both a quantitative manual counting method and a qualitative computerized morphometric method were tested.
Result: The result from both methods indicated a clinically relevant difference in the mean values of the AgNOR in the following 4 categories: malignant, benign, hyperplastic, and normal mammary tissue. The counting method was superior, with 89% of the cases given a correct diagnosis of a malignant or a nonmalignant canine mammary tumor. The 2 methods were then compared to test their ability to classify the tumors correctly. Again, the counting method was the most reliable method, with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 76% when the upper 50% of the AgNOR counts were presumed malignant.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The results indicated that an AgNOR test could be an aid to pathologists as a prognostic indicator or to assist them in deciding between a benign or a malignant diagnosis in questionable cases.