第39届国际养蜂大会论文集目录（三）

(接上期)136.乌克兰:乌克兰养蜂137:尼日利亚:蜂产品经济——国民经济的潜在支柱138.澳大利亚:“养蜂”电脑程序139.土耳其:土耳其有机养蜂业存在的问题和解决办法140.马其顿:马其顿养蜂现状141.与29重复142.法国:蜜蜂为温室授粉的重要性143.以色列:环境条件对蜜蜂温室授粉的影响144.荷兰:蜜蜂为温室果蔬授粉145.西班牙:温室大型早熟园艺植物授粉146.荷兰:用蜜蜂防止兰花流蜜过多147.波兰:运用分析熊蜂、苜蓿切叶蜂和红壁蜂排泄物检测授粉植物的可能性148.荷兰:蜜蜂和熊蜂带菌防治草莓灰霉病149:缺失150.Bechbretha——古爱尔兰蜜蜂法规(未…     

意大利蜜蜂为重庆地区油菜授粉增产效果研究

为研究意大利蜜蜂为重庆地区油菜授粉增产提质的效果,建立适宜重庆地区的油菜授粉模式,试验通过在重庆市荣昌县安富镇开展授粉效果研究,分析意大利蜜蜂为重庆地区胜利油菜授粉的效果,评价意大利蜜蜂授粉对胜利油菜籽产量、千粒重及油菜籽粗脂肪含量的影响。结果表明:经意大利蜜蜂授粉的胜利油菜籽平均产量为459.34 kg/亩(1亩≈666.7m~2),显著高于未授粉组239.56 kg/亩(P0.05),授粉组与未授粉组的千粒重差异不显著(P0.05),授粉组的油菜籽粗脂肪含量(42.98%)显著高于未授粉组(40.66%)(P0.05)。可见,意大利蜜蜂能够显著提高重庆地区胜利油菜籽的产量与质量。     

冀东向日葵传粉昆虫种类及其活动特点的研究

本文通过对河北省东部平原生态区向日葵传粉昆虫访花种类、数量及活动特点的研究,结果表明,向日葵传粉授粉昆虫主要有4个目(膜翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目)16个科18个种;观察数量和行为结果显示,在向日葵访花授粉昆虫中,意大利蜜蜂(Apismellifera L.)、木蜂和地蜂有较好的授粉优势,意大利蜜蜂为优势种,木蜂和地蜂为重要种;意大利蜜蜂的访花活动高峰出现在10:45～11:15和15:40～16:10时间段。     

意大利蜜蜂与中华蜜蜂授粉生态之比较

意大利蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂是我国饲养的主要蜜蜂品种，也是农作物等授粉的主力军。两种蜜蜂的生物学特性不同，授粉生态也存在差异；根据当地自然条件和蜜粉源状况，选择合适的蜜蜂品种为农作物等授粉，以便农作物等达到充分授粉的目的。     

蜜蜂为猕猴桃授粉增产效果的研究

在猕猴桃开花前,把油菜分为蜜蜂自然授粉、蜜蜂强制性授粉和无蜂授粉三个区。然后测定座果率、畸形果率、商品果产量、商品果种子数和品质方面等指标。对比试验结果表明:网内中华蜜蜂授粉试验组座果率比人工授粉组高33.00%;网外以意大利蜜蜂为主自然放蜂授粉试验组座果率比人工授粉组高6.01%。网内试验组畸形果率比人工授粉组降低40.11%;网外试验组畸形果率比人工授粉组降低28.18%。蜜蜂授粉70g以上商品果比人工授粉的增产13.65%;其中蜜蜂授粉的80g以上优质商品果比人工授粉增产8.96%。     

晋北向日葵蜜蜂授粉增产效果研究

向日葵是山西重要的经济作物之一,在山西北部向日葵大田种植区,葵花初花期,通过设计向日葵蜜蜂授粉和无蜂隔离处理,观察分析蜜蜂授粉对油葵和食用葵2个品种产量增产效果。结果显示:蜜蜂授粉区的油葵和食用葵的单花盘结实率、单盘实粒重与百粒重均显著高于无蜂隔离区的油葵和食用葵的对应产量指标;油葵和食用葵授粉区平均产量均比无蜂隔离区高178%。     

蜜蜂所在梨树蜜蜂授粉方面取得新进展

正中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所传粉蜂生物学与授粉应用团队在梨树蜜蜂授粉技术方面取得新进展,首次分析了我国酥梨花蜜的蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量,并探明中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂采集梨树的活动规律,获得两种蜜蜂采集偏好差异,为今后梨树应用蜜蜂授粉奠定了基础。相关研究成果在美国昆虫学会杂志《Journal of Economic Entomology》2017年第6期上发表。     

墨西哥:杧果种植遇困难

墨西哥杧果种植越来越难,一些种植户甚至打算放弃栽种杧果。过去,种植杧果很容易:每年雨水充沛,蜜蜂和其他授粉昆虫为杧果授粉,很快杧果就可以采收。但2011年受大雨和极端温度的影响,墨     

青岛市蜜蜂授粉现状与发展前景探讨

<正>青岛都市现代农业居全国前列。蜜蜂授粉对农作物增产提质、农业绿色发展具有重要作用,是部分农作物尤其是设施作物生产过程中不可或缺的重要环节。随着现代农业的发展,蜜蜂授粉将在未来授粉市场中占据主导地位。从2018年起,青岛市以构建蜜蜂参与的现代绿色生态农业发展体系为目标,大力发展蜜蜂授粉,笔者通过统计、实地调查等掌握了青岛市蜜蜂授粉现状、存在问题,并提出了对策建议。一、蜜蜂授粉现状1.授粉蜂种类及数量目前青岛市蜜蜂存养量约3.27万群,其中西方蜜蜂（多为意大利蜜蜂,以下简称“意蜂”）约2.48万群,中华蜜蜂（以下简称“中蜂”）约7900群。本地约2.5万群蜜蜂参与作物授粉,授粉蜂以意蜂为主,本地约2.2万群,外地调入蜜蜂数量多于本地;应用于茄果类、蓝莓等授粉的熊蜂全部从外地引进;本地授粉中蜂约3700群;壁蜂主要用于苹果授粉,存养量少,较为分散。     

国际有关蜜蜂突然消失(CCD)的进展(三)

意大利蜂群消失现象 据统计,意大利有1,157,133群蜜蜂和75,000位养蜂者.意大利养蜂协会报告显示,2007～2008年冬季记录的蜂群消失数量比例:北部地区占30%～40%,南部中心地区占10%～30%.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.