美洲黑石斑烂尾病的诊断与防治

正美洲黑石斑,学名条纹锯(Centropristis striata),通称黑石斑,隶属鳍科、石斑鱼亚科、石斑鱼属。是一种原产美国和墨西哥大西洋沿岸的名贵海水鱼类,自2003年引进我国已近20年,是我国东部及东南沿海地区推广养殖的优良品种,其苗种繁育、网箱试养殖等已取得良好     

龙胆石斑鲈人工育苗仔鱼开口及前期饵料转换技术研究

龙胆石斑鲈,学名宽额鲈(Epinephelus Lanceolatus),属鲈形目,鮨科,石斑鱼属,是已知石斑鱼类中体型最大的一种。该鱼为新兴高档石斑鱼类养殖品种,其生长速度快,养殖两年可达3kg～6kg,上市规格越大价格越高。人工养殖在台湾得到迅猛发展,广东、福建等南方沿海地区亦开始引进养殖。我国不是龙胆石斑的天然苗种主要产区,人工育苗成为养殖苗种的重要来     

北方地区青石斑鱼工厂化养殖技术初探

青石斑鱼属于南方海水养殖品种,为探索该品种在北方地区养殖的关键技术,总结养殖经验加以推广,自2006年始我们在乐亭县北港立新海水养殖场进行了青石斑鱼工厂化及室外池塘养殖技术探索,养殖初获成功.现将两年多来的养殖情况总结如下.     

水库网箱养殖漠斑牙鲆试验

漠斑牙鲆(Paralichthys lethostigma)隶属硬骨鱼纲,鲽形目,鲆科,牙鲆属,原产于美国沿海,是一种优质的水产养殖品种,自然分布于美国佛罗里达洲北部沿海和墨西哥湾沿海.其肉质鲜美、细腻滑爽,含有大量的不饱和脂肪酸和DHA,具有很高的经济价值和营养价值,该品种具有适盐范围广,抗病力强,耐高温,耐低氧,生长速度快等特点.从2001年起我国陆续引进、驯化漠斑牙鲆后,进行人工养殖,其养殖史不长,在我国漠斑牙鲆的苗种繁育技术已被突破,为漠斑牙鲆的养殖推广工作奠定了基础.2006年在大黑汀水库进行了网箱养殖试验,报告如下.1 材料与方法     

石斑鱼成鱼养殖技术

石斑鱼属鲈形目、鲔科、石斑鱼属,分布于热带和亚热带海域。该属鱼体呈椭圆形,中长,侧扁,体披细下栉鳞,体色随环境变化而改变,其中最突出的一个特点,该鱼体表上点缀着石斑一样的条纹、斑点,因此,被人们习惯称之为石斑鱼。该属有数十个品种,其中人工养殖最多的是鞍带、斜带、点带石斑鱼。石斑鱼商品鱼养殖主要模式为网箱、池塘和工厂化养殖,现将其主要养殖技术介绍如下.     

美洲黑石斑鱼海水网箱养殖技术

美洲黑石斑鱼是名贵的海水养殖鱼类,隶属于艏科、石斑鱼亚科、石斑鱼属。俗称鱼会鱼。美洲黑石斑具有抗病能力强、病害少、生长快等优点,且营养丰富、美味,是海水养殖开发理想的品种之一。     

斜带石斑鱼围垦区池塘养殖技术模式研究

正斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelusco Joides),地方名青斑、石斑鱼,是目前石斑鱼养殖最好的品种之一。过去主要养殖模式为网箱养殖,池塘养殖很少,特别是半咸淡水交接的围垦区池塘更少见有群众开展养殖。2011年起我们在汕头市牛田洋围垦区池塘开展斜带石斑鱼围垦区池塘养殖技术模式研究,以期改良我市围垦区池塘养殖传统的养殖结构,提高养殖的产量和产品质量。现总结试验结果如下:     

淡水石斑鱼的生物特性及其养殖技术

淡水石斑鱼(Cichlasoma managuense),俗称美丽罗非鱼,属鲈形目,慈鲷科鱼类,原产于中美洲的尼加拉瓜,洪都拉斯,哥斯达黎等地的河流及湖泊中。淡水石斑鱼为耐低氧、抗病力强和偏肉食性的底层鱼类,它不仅鱼体美观且肉质细嫩、味道鲜美。该品种于1996年由一家台资养殖场引入我市,并逐步推广养殖,产品主要销往上海市场,价格一直稳定在32元/kg左右。由于养殖效益好,养殖规模越来越大,笔者认为淡水石斑鱼是一种值得推广的淡水养殖新品种,它具有广阔的发展前景。现将其生物学特性和养殖技术介绍如下:     

土池培育珍珠龙胆石斑鱼苗种技术

正珍珠龙胆又称龙虎斑或珍珠斑,是用龙胆石斑(♂)与老虎斑(♀)杂交得到的新品种石斑鱼。由于生长速度快,成活率高,抗病力强,饵料率数低,肉质鲜嫩,市场潜力大,现已成为石斑鱼养殖的新宠。近年来珍珠龙胆已成为福建、广东、海南、广西等地海水养殖的重要名优品种之一。由于珍珠龙胆石斑鱼仔鱼、稚鱼对环境条件的适应范围     

石斑鱼主要病害与防治

石斑鱼是我国南部沿海各省海水养殖的重要经济品种,但是随着石斑鱼养殖规模地不断扩大,生态环境恶化等,石斑鱼病害的发病率也在不断上升,给养殖业带来了较大的经济损失。概述了近几年石斑鱼养殖过程中的主要病害和防治方法,为石斑鱼健康养殖提供参考。     

条纹锯鮨海水网箱养殖技术

条纹锯鮨（Centropristis Striata Linnaeus）俗称美洲黑石斑,在宁德三都澳海区,条纹锯鮨经480 d养殖,个体平均体质量由初始的6.8g增长到590.3 g,平均全长由初始的55.2 mm增长到287.9 mm,养殖成活率为73.8％,饵料系数为7.3.水温高于26℃,条纹锯鮨易得病、死亡,采取有效的渡夏和越冬措施是养殖成功的关键.     

草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、梭鱼(Liza haematocheila)、黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的营养成分及加工品质比较

本研究对不同养殖环境和食性的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、梭鱼(Liza haematocheila)、黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的营养成分和加工品质进行了分析比较.对鱼体的解剖测量结果显示,梭鱼头重占体重的比例为17.09％,低于黑石斑鱼和草鱼.对3种鱼的胶原蛋白和氨基酸成分分析结果显示,黑石斑鱼肌肉可溶性与不可溶性胶原蛋白含量均为最高,分别为0.22 mg/ml和2.12 mg/ml,梭鱼含量次之,分别为0.05 mg/ml和0.82 mg/ml.黑石斑鱼的鲜味氨基酸含量最高(44.37％),梭鱼为32.80％,均显著高于草鱼(24.50％).6种必需氨基酸总含量:草鱼最低,为53.31％,梭鱼为57.14％,黑石斑鱼最高,为62.64％,三者之间差异显著.肌肉脂肪酸检测显示,梭鱼饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量最高,为41.26％(P＜0.05);黑石斑鱼多不饱和脂肪酸含量(PUFA)最高,为34.58％(P＜0.05).梭鱼二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的含量为8.27％,与黑石斑鱼(7.85％)无显著差异.黑石斑鱼的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量最高,为13.51％,显著高于草鱼(3.84％)和梭鱼(3.02％).3种鱼肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有显著差异,梭鱼最强,黑石斑鱼最弱.丙二醛(MDA)含量检测结果显示,黑石斑鱼的MDA含量为19.98 nmol/mg,显著高于草鱼和梭鱼,草鱼和梭鱼差异不显著,可见梭鱼肌肉抗氧化能力较强,有利于进行长期保存、加工.     

Information on Selected Water Quality Characteristics for the Production of Black Sea Bass,Centropristis striata,Juveniles

Abstract

Recent interest in the culture of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, has led to questions regarding the environmental requirements of this species for economically-viable production. Here, we present the results of short-term laboratory studies on ammonia toxicity, nitrite toxicity and oxygen consumption rates. Fifty percent of the juveniles died when exposed to 0.7-0.8 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 24 hours (25°C, 23 g/L salinity). All exposed fish survived exposure to ≤ 0.6 mg/L un-ionized ammonia-N for 10 days. Black sea bass juveniles survived 24-hours exposure to 250 mg/L nitrite-N when exposed in 12 or 20 g/L salinity. Fish exposed for 24 hours to nitrite in 35 g/L salinity died when exposed to 250 mg/L nitrite-N, but survived exposure to 100 g/L nitrite-N. All fish exposed to 50 mg/L nitrite-N for 10 days survived (salinities of 12, 20 and 35 g/L). Mean oxygen consumption rate was 0.09 mg/hour/g (25°C). Fish weight significantly affected oxygen consumption rate with larger fish consuming less oxygen per unit time on a weight-specific basis. No treatment effect was observed due to salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. The information reported here in combination with previous reports provides insight into the environmental requirements of black sea bass culture.     

Investigations of Selected Parameters for Growth of Larval and Juvenile Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata L.

Abstract.— The black sea bass Centropristis striata L. endemic to the U. S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts is a highly sought species that commands a high price in the marketplace. Investigations were undertaken to determine the basic requirements for culture of sea bass larvae and juveniles. Adult black sea bass were captured from the wild and were found to be robust and to adapt well to captivity. Larvae were obtained by strip spawning of these adults and survived and grew at higher rates in seawater supplemented with algae (greenwater) and maintained at 22 C, than in seawater with or without supplemental algae at 18 C. Larvae were provided a diet of rotifers through 12 d post hatch (DPH) and weaned over a 3-d period to enriched Anemia replenished daily to a density of 10 individuals/mL. By 18 DPH, larvae began ingesting a formulated diet for marine finfish and were completely weaned from live feed by 25 DPH, which coincided with the onset of metamorphosis. Juveniles tolerated a range of salinity from 10–32 ppt with the highest growth rate observed at 20 ppt. Culture of larvae and juveniles on a commercial scale was successful using conditions similar to those employed in the laboratory. The findings presented here suggest the potential for commercial culture of this species in the USA.     

The effects of temperature on sex differentiation and growth of black sea bass (Centropristis striata L.)

To examine the effects of temperature on sex differentiation in the black sea bass ( Centropristis striata L.), a protogynous hermaphrodite, juveniles (∼0.5 g) were cultured in recirculating systems at 17, 21 or 25 °C. Growth was assessed at 155, 182, 241 and 275 days post hatch and sex differentiation was determined histologically. No differences were found in the sex ratios of fish reared at different temperatures, but only 55–64% developed as females. Growth was significantly greater in males across all temperature treatments. These results suggest that black sea bass exhibit sexually dimorphic growth patterns and that female-specific sex determination can be disrupted in culture.     

美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)消化系统胚后发育的组织学观察

通过形态学与连续组织切片的方法,对美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata) 1-34 d仔鱼消化系统的胚后发育进行系统观察,分析描述鱼体消化道(食道、胃与肠道)以及消化腺(肝脏与胰腺)的发育过程.对1-15 d仔鱼连续取样,每次取样30尾,15 d后隔天取样,每次取样15尾.结果显示,在水温为(24±1)℃、盐度为30-32的条件下,初孵仔鱼卵黄囊体积很大,消化管为封闭的管状结构.美洲黑石斑鱼孵出3d后,口裂形成、开始摄食,肛门与外界连通,消化道逐渐分化形成食道、胃及肠道,肝脏、胆囊和胰腺也逐渐形成.7d后,卵黄囊与油球基本消失,食道、胃部以及肠道黏膜褶皱开始形成,消化道黏膜上皮细胞逐渐分化,肝脏出现脂肪颗粒,仔鱼具备了基本的摄食能力.11d时,仔鱼食道可见黏液细胞,随日龄的增加上皮组织中黏液细胞数量迅速增多,褶皱日益丰富;胃部分化形成贲门部、胃本体与幽门部,胃壁褶皱不断增多、伸长;肝脏血窦与中央静脉明显.20d时,鱼体胃腺形成,说明胃部消化、吸收蛋白质的能力增强;肠道次级黏膜褶皱出现,肠圈与褶皱更加复杂化;胰脏分布有大量酶原颗粒.32 d时,仔鱼消化道组织结构分明,自腔面向内依次为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层与浆膜层,消化道与消化腺结构和功能逐步完善.仔鱼3-7 d为内源性营养向外源性营养过渡期,应及时提供充足适口的生物饵料,仔鱼20 d后可以逐渐驯化投喂微型配合饲料.     

美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)“突眼症”的病原菌分离鉴定

养殖中患有“突眼症”的美洲黑石斑鱼(Centropristis striata)的症状表现为眼球白浊、充血、异常增生.从眼球病灶部位分离纯化得到1株优势菌,在TCBS培养基上生长迅速,菌落中部隆起,黄色,有黏性,杆状菌,端生单鞭毛,属于革兰氏阴性菌,定名为CJG01.人工感染实验证实,其对美洲黑石斑鱼有较强的致病性,可引起幼鱼眼球突出、脱落,肌肉溃烂,骨胳外露.解剖感染组的幼鱼发现,患病幼鱼的肝脏、肾脏红肿,脾脏肿大,肠道内有淡黄色液体.其半致死浓度LD50为2.67× 105 CFU/ml.API 20NE快速鉴定及相关生理生化实验结果显示,菌株CJG01的生长温度为28-37℃,最适温度为28℃,在含盐量为0-5％之间的TSB培养基可生长,对弧菌抑制剂O/129敏感,氧化酶反应阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶反应阳性,V-P反应阴性,可同化甘露醇、麦芽糖、苹果酸,不能同化葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、癸酸、已二酸、柠檬酸、苯乙酸等,菌株CJG01的生理生化特性与哈维氏弧菌(Vbrio harveyi)一致.对病原菌的16S rDNA序列对比分析及系统进化树分析显示,菌株CJG01与哈维氏弧菌序列同源性最高,达99％.药敏实验证实,该菌株对氨苄西林、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、诺氟沙星、青霉素、多粘菌素B、阿奇霉素等药物不敏感,对头孢唑林、恩诺沙星、链霉素、红霉素、克拉霉素等药物中度敏感,对抗生素头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、氟罗沙星、环丙沙星、氯霉素、新生霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、四环素、米诺环素等种药物敏感.     

Effects of shelter on growth and survival in age-0 black sea bass, Centropristis striata (L.)

Black sea bass Centropristis striata (L.) juveniles were reared in aquaria containing either shelter or no shelter to investigate the effects of shelter on growth and survival. The specific growth rates of juveniles were significantly higher in the sheltered aquaria. With shelter present, the average mortality of juveniles caused by agonistic behaviour was 44% compared with no mortality in the unsheltered aquaria. The results provide evidence that shelter is advantageous for growth, but not survival of black sea bass juveniles under culture conditions.     

云纹石斑鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术研究进展

云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)具有耐受性强、生长速度快、质量优、价格高等特点,是温带海域养殖的理想品种。本文简要概括了云纹石斑鱼的生物学特性,以及近几年的人工繁育技术的研究现状,重点在亲鱼选择与强化培育、催产与受精卵孵化以及仔稚鱼培育方面取得的研究进展及就其发展前景进行分析,旨在为我国云纹石斑鱼的苗种规模化繁育技术研发提供参考。     

我国鲟鱼类养殖现状及发展前景

我国鲟鱼类天然资源数量稀少，难以满足市场巨大需求，近年来鲟鱼养殖在我国各地快速发展。本文总结了我国鲟鱼养殖的主要种类史氏鲟、俄罗斯鲟、西伯利亚鲟、匙吻鲟等生物学特性．鲟鱼养殖的主要方式网箱养殖、池塘养殖和工厂化养殖．并且阐述了目前我国鲟鱼养殖的规模和发展前景．预计鲟鱼可能是我国海水网箱养殖的优良新品种。