鱼菜共生系统中麦穗鱼肠道菌群研究

为探究鱼菜共生养殖模式对鱼体肠道菌群的影响，于2020年11月24日至2021年1月4日（计6周）在9个泡沫养殖箱中放养平均体质量（3.88±0.78)g的麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva)12尾（对照组），再分别与株高（13.85±0.92)cm罗莎生菜（Lactuca sativa)(PL组）和株高（26.10±1.84)cm的水蕹菜（Ipomoea aquatica)(PI组）组成两种鱼菜共生系统，用16S r RNA测序技术和生物信息学方法对比分析各系统鱼体肠道的菌群，探究鱼菜共生养殖模式对鱼体肠道菌群的影响。每个鱼菜共生养殖箱的箱体边缘都固定等面积蔬菜浮床（覆盖面积占水体面积的35%），并在浮床底部覆盖纱布以避免鱼类啃食。结果表明，3种系统中麦穗鱼主要优势门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes），主要优势属为苯基杆菌属（Phenylobacterium）、沉积物杆状菌属（Sediminibacter...     

水体中泼洒复合乳杆菌对尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘环境、肠道和鳃健康的影响

研究在尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘中添加复合乳杆菌对养殖池塘环境、尼罗罗非鱼肠道和鳃健康的影响,为乳杆菌在尼罗罗非鱼健康养殖中的应用提供基础。在尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘水体中泼洒复合乳杆菌(对照组:0;实验组:1.0×104 CFU/mL),实验周期为10周。复合乳杆菌的成分为干酪乳杆菌和酸鱼乳杆菌,比例为1:2.2。监测池塘水质指标、罗非鱼肠道和鳃的免疫及抗氧化指标,并运用高通量测序技术(Illumina MiSeq),比较对照组和实验组水体、底泥、尼罗罗非鱼肠道和鳃黏膜共生菌群落结构差异。结果显示,从第7周开始,实验组水体中的硝酸盐含量始终低于对照组,实验组比对照组降低了72.68%、72.00%、26.27%和21.46%;实验组水体中的总氮含量在从第6周开始低于对照组,分别降低了43.39%、44.64%、15.64%、37.57%和34.49%;实验组水样中的总磷含量从第4周开始低于对照组,分别降低了40.91%、33.33%、50.00%、33.33%、17.39%、39.29%和25.71%。与对照组相比,实验组尼罗罗非鱼肠道的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性提高了45.04%,实验组尼罗罗非鱼鳃的总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和AKP分别提高了58.26%和60.99%。复合乳杆菌的添加对尼罗罗非鱼养殖池塘水体菌群结构影响较大,并未影响池塘底泥的菌群结构,影响了尼罗罗非鱼肠道和鳃的菌群结构,其中条件致病菌不动杆菌属、泛菌属细菌的相对丰度降低,而有益细菌鲸杆菌属的相对丰度增加。因此,在养殖水体中泼洒适当浓度的复合乳杆菌可以改善池塘水质,提高尼罗罗非鱼肠道和鳃的免疫力、抗氧化能力,同时调节养殖水体、尼罗罗非鱼肠道和鳃的菌群结构。     

不同覆盖率的生态浮床对池塘氮、磷的去除率

通过在养鱼池塘设置生态浮床培育空心菜,对比分析生态浮床不同覆盖率对水体氮、磷去除效果的影响。试验结果显示,设置生态浮床系统池塘与对照池塘之间氮磷含量存在显著差异(P0.05);生态浮床系统覆盖率在10%、20%、30%的设置下,对水体总氮的去除率分别为53.6%、62.4%、68.9%,对总磷的去除率分别为62.8%、74.1%、78.7%,三种浮床处理对水体氮、磷去除差异显著(P0.05)。生态浮床系统是一种新型的养殖模式,是池塘养殖生物与无土栽培植物在生态位上实现互利共生,该系统可作为池塘水体富营养化生态防控的措施进行推广应用。     

空心菜浮床对罗非鱼池塘水质的改善作用

正为改善池塘养殖水质,消除富营养化,提高经济效益,现利用鱼菜共生综合养殖原理,开展空心菜与罗非鱼在池塘中的共生养殖技术,并在1个罗非鱼养殖周期中探究空心菜浮床对罗非鱼池塘水质的改善作用。一、试验条件1.池塘选择及准备试验池塘设置在云南省渔业科学研究院高峣试验基地,池塘面积为1亩,水深1.2米,配备增氧机。对池塘进行清塘、晒塘、消毒后,注入养殖用水,水源为滇池草海水,水质基本符合渔业水质标准。     

吉富罗非鱼四种养殖模式对水质的影响

为研究吉富罗非鱼不同养殖模式对水质的影响,对跑道式流水槽养殖、池塘高密度养殖、池塘低密度养殖和罗非鱼-水浮莲共生等4种吉富罗非鱼养殖模式的水质情况进行了为期16周的跟踪检测。试验结果:4种养殖模式水体中的溶解氧为罗非鱼-水浮莲共生组池塘低密度养殖组池塘高密度养殖组跑道式流水槽组,各组间差异显著(P 0. 05);氨氮和亚硝酸盐质量浓度为跑道式流水槽组池塘高密度养殖组池塘低密度养殖组罗非鱼-水浮莲共生组,各组间差异显著(P 0. 05)。结果表明,在池塘高密度养殖吉富罗非鱼时,采用罗非鱼-水浮莲共生模式能显著提高水中的溶解氧,降低氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量,实现生态养殖。     

冬季罗非鱼循环水暂养系统研究

为探索解决罗非鱼越冬问题,开展了利用循环水养殖系统进行暂养的试验研究。以具有代表性的吉富罗非鱼(Orcochromis niloticus)为研究对象,设计并构建了一套室内罗非鱼循环水养殖系统,并对罗非鱼进行了为期30 d的养殖试验。整个养殖周期内,罗非鱼养殖系统环境稳定、水质稳定良好。结果显示,系统养殖负荷总量从1 024.2 kg增长到2 309.1kg,鱼体平均体重由(170.7±10.8)g增重至(385.5±7.5)g,养殖密度由(22.9±3.5)kg/m3增加到(51.5±4.2)kg/m3,存活率达99.8%,饵料系数1.35。水质检测结果显示,水体进水口总氨氮0.21~0.33 mg/L,去除率20.64%;亚硝酸盐氮0.067~0.13 mg/L,去除率13.82%;溶氧6.5~7.4 mg/L,pH 8.15~8.65,水温23.9~24.7℃。研究表明,罗非鱼生长状况良好,系统中各水质参数符合养殖要求。循环水养殖系统用于罗非鱼冬季暂养具有一定的可行性。     

主养罗非鱼鱼菜共生池塘水质指标的变化规律和氮磷收支

针对当前罗非鱼高密度养殖水质调控中存在的问题,本研究使用基于共生原理的鱼菜共生技术,在乌鲁木齐市米东区开展为期126 d的"罗非鱼-水蕹菜"共生调控池塘水质试验。结果表明:在共生模式下,养殖池塘水体pH值、总磷(TP)、硝酸盐氮(NO~-_3-N)含量下降且与对照组差异显著(P0.05),总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO~-_2-N)含量升势趋缓且与对照组差异显著(P0.05);共生模式分别将氮、磷的利用率提高了13.5%和6.4%,显著降低了池塘排污系数(P0.05),将尾水中总氮、总磷含量由符合淡水池塘养殖水排放要求的二级提升为一级。     

北方精养池塘鱼菜种养结合模式对水质的影响

在北方地区精养池塘内设置生物浮床种植空心菜,通过植物根系的吸收作用,将池塘内多余的营养物质吸收,达到改善池塘水质的作用。结果显示:试验池塘pH值保持在适宜养殖的合理范围内,氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮降低20%以上,总氮、总磷值也明显低于对照池塘,高锰酸盐指数降低不明显。     

水生植物种类及覆盖率水质净化效果研究

为探究不同水生植物种类及浮床覆盖率对水体的净化效果，将轮叶黑藻、空心菜、鸢尾、生菜、香菇草、香蒲和水芹等7种水生植物100 g固定于长108 cm、宽60 cm、高65 cm塑料桶中的20 cm×30 cm浮床上，轮叶黑藻直接浸泡在水中。试验用水来自水产养殖池塘，盐度4.5。每个水箱均曝气、盖上透光塑料板。另在9个面积约6670 m²的养殖池塘中设置2.0 m×4.0 m的PVC管结构生态浮床，按照2.5%、5.0%和10.0%覆盖率布设空心菜，不同时间分析各水生植物对主要水质指标去除率。试验结果显示：空心菜对总氮、总磷和化学需氧量净化效果最佳，轮叶黑藻对氨氮和硝态氮净化效果最佳。主成分分析结果表明，空心菜对水体的综合净化效果最强，之后依次是鸢尾、香蒲、香菇草、轮叶黑藻、水芹和生菜。30 d后，不同浮床覆盖率总氮、总磷、氨氮、硝态氮和化学需氧量含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其中10.0%覆盖率组含量最低。因此，种植空心菜可显著降低养殖水体富营养化水平，改善水质。空心菜浮床覆盖率越高，水体中总氮、总磷、氨氮、硝态氮和化学需氧量等指标去除率越高，推荐的浮...     

池塘鱼箱集约高效养殖系统水处理模式设计及效果分析

随着淡水养殖集约化程度的提高,水体氨氮和亚硝态氮等有毒物质浓度随之升高,严重危害了养殖对象的生长。因此,水体氨态氮及亚硝态氮的控制成为水质控制的关键。本文针对集约化养殖条件下的养殖水处理在天津市水产研究所淡水试验站进行了生物膜法和生态浮床净化法处理池塘养殖用水的实验。结果表明:生物膜法和生态浮床净化法都能有效去除池塘水体氨态氮及亚硝态氮,如果不使用水生植物,则每生产1t鱼需设置6.76m2的生物包。     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

川渝地区鸡皮刺螨的流行与综合防治

鸡皮刺螨是鸡的一种体外寄生的节肢动物,流行十分广泛,对养殖业发展有严重影响。为了解鸡皮刺螨的发病情况,对川渝两地的126个鸡场进行流行病学调查,感染率高达71%。同时,介绍了鸡皮刺螨的生活史、危害及防治措施,是防制鸡皮刺螨不可多得的资料。     

Composition and diversity of fish and fish catches in closures and open-access fisheries of Kenya

Abstract  Catch composition, relative abundance and diversity of fish catches in open access and three old fisheries closures were compared and contrasted with previous ecological studies. There was less variation in catch community composition among the fishing grounds than the closures, suggesting that fishing has homogenised catch composition. The trap survey found that some parrotfish [ Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy &Gaimard), Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes) and Scarus ghobban Forsskål] were relatively more common and that some important predators of macro-invertebrates [ Balistapus undulatus (Mungo Park) and Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch)] were less common in the fishing grounds than closures. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to visual census results, cumulative number of species in catch surveys was higher in open access than closures sites. This may result from fishers covering more area and habitat or a reduction in the catch of competitively subordinate and rare species by aggressive, early-caught fish that can dominate bait. Comparisons of ecological visual census surveys and fisheries-dependent methods indicated that small differences in catch composition can reflect larger ecological differences and that baiting methods can underestimate biodiversity. Ecological impacts of fishing and large-scale changes in marine ecosystems must be considerable given the many fisheries-dependent assessments report modest changes.     

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响_

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响王丹丽，李明云，杨天勇，胡章（宁波大学，３１５０１０）关键词老年低额　，蚤状　，温度，盐度，生长，生殖ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴ...