循环水养殖半滑舌鳎成鱼摄食活动对主要水质因子的影响

在封闭循环水养殖条件下,半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)的平均养殖密度(15.07±0.22)kg/m3,观测半滑舌鳎的呼吸频率,检测养殖水体中溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸氮等24 h内摄食和代谢的变化规律。结果表明:(1)半滑舌鳎摄食前、后的呼吸频率平均值分别为27.3次/min和34.7次/min,摄食后的呼吸频率显著高于摄食前;(2)投喂前、后2.5 h内,水中溶氧一直处于下降趋势,在摄食2.5 h后,水中溶氧处于稳定的上升趋势;(3)投喂后,氨氮、亚硝酸氮浓度显著增高,2.5 h后达到峰值,随后缓慢降低,在下次投喂前0.5 h达到最低值。说明半滑舌鳎摄食活动对循环水养殖水质的影响呈现规律性,也说明循环水养殖模式可以满足半滑舌鳎对水质的基本要求。     

节能型半滑舌鳎循环水养殖车间优化设计

优化设计建设了半滑舌鳎循环水养殖车间,车间建筑面积2 880 m2,养殖水面1 340 m2.优化设计主要包括节能型养鱼车间、循环水处理工艺、补充水及外排废水处理工艺、养鱼池、生物滤池及渠道式紫外线消毒池设计.该养鱼车间比一般低拱车间节能30%以上.生物滤池为4段流水式结构.养鱼池能自动清污,倒U形管控制水位.渠道式紫外线消毒池消毒效率高,细菌去除率99%以上.通过养鱼工程优化设计及基地建设,提出了我国未来海水循环水养殖的三级推广模式.     

北方地区半滑舌鳎池塘越冬技术初探

<正>半滑舌鳎具广温、广盐和适应多变环境条件的特点,适合多种养殖方式,特别是开发池塘生态养殖模式对于我国北方沿海池塘的有效利用开辟了一条新途径。如能解决半滑舌鳎苗种在北方地区室外池塘越冬问题,则可大大降低养殖成本,对半滑舌鳎北方地区养殖业的发展起到巨大的推动作用。我们于2012―2013年在营口地区进行了半滑舌鳎室外池塘越冬试验,探索室外越冬模式,获得了一些基础资料,以求为今后的相关研究提供一些参考。     

半滑舌鳎海水池塘网箱养殖技术

对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther)海水池塘网箱养殖模式的可行性、养殖技术操作进行研究。在天津市汉沽立信水产有限公司进行养殖试验,在池塘中构建模块化浮动式网箱养殖,养殖时间从2013年8月5日至2013年10月28日,养殖周期为84d。在养殖期内,体长增长约17.28cm,体重增加284.30g,半滑舌鳎体长和体重的增长显著;在养殖周期内,存活率为84.0%,饵料系数为1.07。结果表明,该养殖模式下,半滑舌鳎积极摄食,无异常病害,生长速度快,而且操作简单,节约成本,是工厂化循环水养殖的有利补充。     

益生菌对半滑舌鳎养殖水质及仔稚鱼生长的影响研究

为研究益生菌对水质因子及半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼生长指标的影响.设置添加益生菌的试验组和未添加益生菌的空白对照组进行饲喂试验,定期测定水质因子并从每组随机抽取鱼体测定其生长指标.研究发现,采用相同饵料喂食半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼,投喂益生菌对试验组pH、DO、温度、氨氮、亚硝氮没有显著影响(P＞0.05),表明添加益生菌对水质无不良影响.试验组半滑舌鳎仔稚鱼的体长增长率较对照组虽无明显差异,但增重率、肥满度和成活率显著提高(P＜0.05),表明益生菌的使用可显著提高经济效益.     

石斑鱼和半滑舌鳎封闭循环水养殖系统的构建与运用

介绍适合于点带石斑鱼(Epinephelus malabaricus)和半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus Semilaevlis Günther)的循环水养殖系统的工艺流程、生物调控及管理措施.通过在系统中采用弧形筛和蛋白分离器组合装置替代微滤机、添加比表面积大的塑料片状滤料、增加臭氧和紫外线2级灭菌装置等手段,并且针对循环水养殖的特点制定系统的生物调控和管理规范,使该养殖系统石斑鱼和半滑舌鳎的养殖承裁量分别达到30 kg/m2和20 kg/m2;养殖1 kg海水鱼的电耗为7.54 kW,并能达到无公害水产品的质量要求.     

半滑舌鳎繁养技术

半滑舌鳎肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,营养丰富,历来为我国沿海广大消费者喜欢的上等佳品,日本、韩国的大量客商也在国内寻求货源,抢购商品鱼,因此消费市场极为广阔。半滑舌鳎适应性强,生长速度快,对缩短养殖周期、提高养殖设施利用率和资金周转速度十分有利,其产业化养殖开发潜力极大。山东半岛,辽东半岛及河北、天津沿海地区均适合养殖半滑舌鳎,南方沿海可在春秋冬季开展土池养殖或室内工厂化流水养殖。     

利用半循环海水养殖半滑舌鳎试验

随着水资源的日益匮乏和自然海区污染的逐渐加重,寻找一种封闭式或半封闭式的养殖模式已经成为当前工厂化养殖势在必行的途径。本文以半滑舌鳎为养殖对象,于2005年3月至5月运用自制循环水处理系统产生的海水进行了为期两个月的饲养试验。现将情况介绍如下:一、试验对象及设施1.     

半滑舌鳎（Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther）工厂化养殖技术的初步研究

本文就2005-2006年从山东引进的半滑舌鳎苗种的养殖概况进行了总结。半滑舌鳎苗种在工厂化条件下,养殖水温16.7℃-27℃,盐度20-25,经9个月养殖雌鱼体重可达500g,养殖15个月时,雌鱼体重可达1500g,雄鱼体重约300-500g。2005年引入的苗种总体成活率达99.6%,2006年引进的苗种养殖成活率为89.8%。购入的全长8-16cm,体重3-20g的半滑舌鳎苗种,经15个月的养殖可达到第一次性成熟。另外,探讨了水温对半滑舌鳎生长的影响和以防为主的疾病防治技术,并对半滑舌鳎全雌鱼养殖及国产化优质配合饲料的生产等方面作了初步的讨论。     

池塘内循环流水养殖模式对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化酶、消化酶及消化道组织结构和菌群的影响

为探究养殖过程中池塘内循环流水养殖模式（inner-pond raceway aquaculture, IPRA）对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化酶、消化酶、消化道组织结构及菌落结构的影响。将池塘内循环流水养殖的4条水槽设置为流水组2条和对照组2条,进行为期153 d的养殖实验,分别在养殖中期和末期测量相关生长、生化指标及观察组织形态结构,并采用Illumina Miseq测序平台对消化道中的微生物进行分析。结果显示：①养殖中期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度低于对照静水组;至养殖末期,流水组的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度持续下降,但成活率一直高于静水组。②养殖中期,流水组肝脏SOD和CAT显著高于静水组,流水组MDA显著低于静水组,流水组消化酶活性显著高于静水组;至养殖末期,抗氧化酶和消化酶均不同程度下降,但流水组SOD仍显著高于静水组,MDA显著低于静水组。③流水组大口黑鲈肠绒毛高度及密度均明显高于静水组,且养殖中期分泌消化酶较多,运动加强了肠道消化吸收功能。④养殖中期,流水养殖使大口黑鲈肠胃菌群的物种多样性和均匀度明显增高,至养殖末期,流水组的肠胃多样性和均匀度指数不断下降;养殖中期流水组和静水组胃分别为柔膜菌门和蓝细菌,静水组肠主要优势菌依次为变形菌门和厚壁菌门,流水组肠主要优势菌分别为厚壁菌门和变形菌门;至养殖后期时,流水组和静水组胃肠优势菌群均为柔膜菌门;而养殖水体的优势菌为变形菌门和放线菌门。研究表明,IPRA模式下的持续运动会降低其生长指标,但能够提高其成活率,增强其免疫和消化能力,改善肠胃菌群结构,尤其是处于生长期效果更明显,而至养殖末期运动状态可能会打破肠道菌群平衡,引发疾病,应加强养殖管理。     

Oxytetracycline (OTC) accumulation and elimination in hemolymph, muscle and hepatopancreas of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following an OTC-feed therapeutic treatment

The white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, has become a very important species for the development of shrimp aquaculture in Northwest Mexico. However, viral and bacterial diseases are considered a major threat to the development of this industry. In the present study a trial was conducted to evaluate the tissue distribution, maximum concentration, and elimination of the widely used antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC) in L. vannamei using indoor tanks under laboratory-controlled conditions. OTC was given to shrimp simulating a therapeutic treatment through medicated feed for 14 days followed by a period of feeding without antibiotic for another 14 days to evaluate the elimination pattern. Samples of hemolymph, muscle, and hepatopancreas were taken from medicated animals every two days for 28 days. All tissues were removed and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen. OTC levels were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results showed an important OTC increase during consumption of medicated feed in all examined tissues. OTC maximum concentrations were 33.54 ± 11.19, 194.37 ± 16.11, and 18.79 ± 5.87 µg g^− 1 for muscle, hepatopancreas and hemolymph, respectively. Although the highest OTC level was found in the hepatopancreas, it required only two days after the start of dosing to reach this value, whereas the maximum OTC for muscle and hemolymph was detected after eight days of dosing. Ten days after the cessation of medicated feeding, the drug content in the shrimp tail muscle was under the detectable limit for the method (0.01 µg g^− 1 of OTC).     

国内外工厂化循环水养殖研究进展

工厂化循环水养殖模式是一种新型的高效养殖模式, 以养殖用水净化后循环利用为核心特征, 节电、节水、节地, 符合当前国家提出的循环经济、节能减排、转变经济增长方式的战略需求。本文以循环水养殖模式应用实践为主线, 结合近几年养殖模式的科学研究和产业发展, 围绕养殖管理与应用, 分别对水循环系统对化学物质的承载力、水循环率、主要养殖种类、养殖效果和最适养殖密度等运营管理环节进行了总结和探讨, 为今后建立适用于中国国情的工厂化循环水养殖模式管理标准提供参考。

     

Exploring Northeast American and Asian species of Porphyra for use in an integrated finfish-algal aquaculture system

Many aquaculture industries generate a nutrient-rich waste stream that can lead to eutrophication of coastal waters. To address this environmental issue, the bioremediation potential of several native Northeast American species of Porphyra was assessed and compared to the well-known Asian species. Porphyra thalli were cultured over 4 weeks at 15 °C at a stocking density of 0.4 g FW L^− 1. At 3- to 4-day intervals nutrient uptake, tissue N accumulation and phycobiliprotein concentration (PBP) were determined as functions of nitrogen (N) concentration (25-300 μM) and N source (nitrate vs. ammonium). Growth rates were measured weekly. Growth and tissue N reached maximal levels at inorganic N concentrations of 150-300 μM. Maximum growth rates ranged from 10% to 25% day^− 1, although induction of archeospores reduced average growth rates in many cases. No evidence of ammonium toxicity (reductions in growth rate) was observed; in fact, similar values were found with both N sources. Ammonium generally yielded higher PBP and tissue N contents than nitrate. Porphyra amplissima presented the highest growth rate, followed by the Asian Porphyra yezoensis. Under the experimental conditions, Porphyra spp. removed 70-100% of N within 3-4 days at N concentrations up to 150 μM, but was less efficient in removing inorganic phosphorus (35-91% removal). The highest tissue N and PBP concentrations were found at 150-300 μM of N, with N values close to 7% DW. Overall, Porphyra appears to be an excellent choice for bioremediation of moderately eutrophic effluents, with the added benefit that tissue may be harvested for sale.     

南美白对虾篷布池分级养殖技术与模式试验

为探索南美白对虾稳产高效养殖模式,通过对2口面积共计1 hm~2的连栋大棚养殖池塘进行改造,在大棚内设置净面积约35 m~2的篷布池135口,辅以供水、增氧、排水以及尾水处理等设施,引进SPF一代南美白对虾苗种,采用集中标粗后再分级养成的模式进行试验。2020年放养两茬虾苗,单位面积产量达到13.85 kg/m~2,产值595.9元/m~2,利润222.16元/m~2。折合每公顷产量138 500 kg,产值595.90万元,利润222.20万元。试验结果表明,大棚篷布池养殖投资较低,建设周期短,养殖环境可控,是1种适合于推广的南美白对虾高效养殖模式。     

The influence of stocking density, light and temperature on the growth, production and nutrient removal capacity of Porphyra dioica (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

The optimal conditions for growth of Porphyra dioica gametophytes were investigated in the laboratory, focusing on bioremediation potential. Porphyra dioica is one of the most common Porphyra species along the northern coast of Portugal and can be found year-round. The influence of stocking density and photon flux density (PFD) on the growth, production and nutrient removal was tested. Maximum growth rates, up to 33% per day, were recorded with 0.1 g fw l^− 1 at 150 and 250 μmol photons m^− 2 s^− 1. Growth rate decreased significantly with increasing stocking density. Productivity (g fw week^− 1) had an inverse trend, with more production at the higher stocking densities. At 150 μmol m^− 2 s^− 1 and with 1.5 g fw l^− 1, 1.4 g fw week^− 1 were produced. At this PFD, there was no significant difference in production between 0.6 to 1.5 g fw l^− 1. Nitrogen (N) content of the seaweeds decreased with increasing stocking densities and PFDs. The maximum N removal was recorded at 150 μmol m^− 2 s^− 1, with 1.5 g fw l^− 1 stocking density (1.67 mg N day^− 1). However, the N removed by thalli at 50 μmol photons m^− 2 s^− 1 was statistically equal to that at 150 and 250 μmol photons m^− 2 s^− 1, at a stocking density of 1.0 g fw l^− 1. The influence of temperature and photoperiod on growth and reproduction was also assessed. Growth rates of P. dioica were significantly affected by temperature and photoperiod. In this experiment (with 0.3 g fw l^− 1 stocking density), the highest growth rate, 27.5% fw day^− 1, was recorded at 15 °C and 16 : 8¯, L : D¯. Male thalli started to release spermatia 21 days after the beginning of the experiment, in temperatures from 10 to 20 °C and with 10, 12 and 16 h of day length. Unfertilized female-like thalli were observed at 10 to 20 °C, under all photoperiods tested. Growth of these thalli declined after 4 weeks. By then, formation of young bladelets in the basal portion of these thalli was observed. After 7 weeks all biomass produced was solely due to these vegetatively propagated young thalli, growing 22.4% to 26.1% day^− 1. The results of this study showed that P. dioica appears to be a candidate as a nutrient scrubber in integrated aquaculture systems.     

我国鲟鱼养殖设施的现状与发展对策

我国鲟鱼养殖始于20世纪90年代,其人工养殖的历史较短,并且设施化养殖基础薄弱,养殖模式研究尚处于起步阶段。鲟鱼的养殖方式仍以粗放型养殖模式为主,易受地域、天气等因素的影响,限制了该产业的可持续发展。文中简述了我国鲟鱼设施化养殖的种类,对比了鲟鱼流水养殖、网箱养殖和工厂化循环水养殖的优缺点,详细分析了鲟鱼设施化养殖的工艺流程及养殖过程中使用的设施设备,阐述了设施化养殖的技术要点,指出了目前鲟鱼设施化养殖过程中存在问题,总结了鲟鱼设施化养殖的对策,明确了今后鲟鱼产业的发展方向。     

我国鲟鱼类养殖现状及发展前景

我国鲟鱼类天然资源数量稀少，难以满足市场巨大需求，近年来鲟鱼养殖在我国各地快速发展。本文总结了我国鲟鱼养殖的主要种类史氏鲟、俄罗斯鲟、西伯利亚鲟、匙吻鲟等生物学特性．鲟鱼养殖的主要方式网箱养殖、池塘养殖和工厂化养殖．并且阐述了目前我国鲟鱼养殖的规模和发展前景．预计鲟鱼可能是我国海水网箱养殖的优良新品种。     

水产养殖自动投饵装备研究进展与应用

自动投饵系统可应用于大型网箱养殖和高密度工厂化养殖等，是提高饲料利用率，控制养殖成本和强化产品质量控制的重要手段。文章概述了国内外自动投饵装备的发展进程，着重介绍了国外深水网箱自动投饵装备的研究进展与应用情况，分析了国内自动投饵装备研究使用现状，对国内自动投饵装备的发展提出了建议。     

象山港三种不同养殖方式对浮游动物群落的影响

为探究不同营养类型养殖方式对半封闭海湾浮游生态系统的影响,于2015年在象山港的鱼类网箱养殖、牡蛎筏式养殖和海带筏式养殖3种养殖区内外分别进行大、中型和中、小型浮游动物群落及相关环境因子的四季研究。结果显示,牡蛎养殖区内大、中型浮游动物群落结构变化明显,夏、秋季优势种太平洋纺锤水蚤的优势度下降,冬季优势种腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度上升;网箱养殖区内浮游动物群落变化不明显,变化主要为大、中型浮游动物优势种,春、冬季腹针胸刺水蚤的优势度下降,秋季优势种种类组成变化明显;海带养殖区内浮游动物群落和优势种变化均不明显。此外,3种养殖方式对浮游动物的生物量、丰度和α多样性均未产生明显影响。结合象山港的水文特征和养殖区内外的环境因子,研究表明,牡蛎养殖区浮游动物群落变化是牡蛎滤食行为和铁港水交换能力差的综合结果,而浮游动物优势种变化可能与水体总磷含量较高有关;因目前网箱养殖规模小且西沪港水动力条件较好,网箱区内局部环境和浮游动物的变化较小;海带养殖因面积小且仅春、冬季养殖,不足以对水质和浮游动物产生影响。此外,本研究显示不同环境中,大、中型浮游动物群落结构的变异较中、小型浮游动物明显,这可能与中、小型浮游动物群落的稳定性较高有关。     

发展山东省海水健康养殖的构想和主要对策

山东作为海水养殖大省，产量约占全国的1／3。在传统捕捞业面临近海渔业资源枯竭、传统渔场面积减小的形势下，加大现代生物技术、新材料等在海水养殖业中的应用，挖掘海水养殖潜力，推动海水养殖业可持续发展，对于发展渔区经济，增加渔民收入更具有现实意义和历史意义。本文针对山东海水养殖的现状和问题，对健康养殖的发展构想及对策进行了初步探讨。