黄海南部银鲳的生殖力及其变化

根据2004年5~6月在黄海南部的渔业资源监测调查资料及相关历史资料,分析了在经过近30年的高强度捕捞下银鲳(Pampus argenteus)的生殖力及其与叉长、纯重等生物学参数关系的变化。结果表明,银鲳的个体绝对生殖力为47665±3989粒;与20世纪70年代历史资料相比,同海区相同大小银鲳的个体绝对生殖力变化不显著,但相同叉长银鲳的相对生殖力FL显著增大,相同纯重银鲳的相对生殖力FW显著减小;黄海冷水区银鲳的生殖力显著大于长江口区相同叉长银鲳的生殖力。由于银鲳属于中上层鱼类,且分布较分散,集群性较差,受捕捞压力相对较小,但在长期捕捞压力及外部环境变化下,银鲳性成熟提前、生长状况变好。     

黄海中南部鳀鱼生殖习性的研究

1.黄海中南部鳀鱼属洄游产卵型鱼类。春季向近岸方向移动,产卵后向外海方向移动。产卵场分布广泛。 2.黄海中南部鳀鱼在产卵盛期开始前达到性成熟度Ⅴ期雌鱼的最小叉长为9.0厘米,纯体重为5.0克,主要叉长范围为10.3～11.7厘米;主要年龄组成为1～2龄。 3.黄海中南部鳀鱼的产卵期为5月上旬至10月上中旬。产卵盛期为5月中旬至6月下旬。产卵期长。 4.黄海中南部鳀鱼的性腺发育分3个阶段。生长期从3月初到5月上旬;产卵期从5月上旬到10月上中旬;恢复期从10月中旬到翌年2月末。 5.黄海中南部鳀鱼的排卵类型为多峰连续排卵型,一年产卵一次。 6.黄海中南部鳀鱼的个体绝对生殖力在600～13600粒之间,平均为5500粒;主要叉长组的个体绝对生殖力为2500～11000粒,平均为5700粒。     

春季钓鱼岛海域竹鱼产卵群体生物学特征的研究

利用2005年3月在钓鱼岛海域捕获的竹鱼产卵群体样品测定数据,对其主要生物学特征、主要产卵期和繁殖力特征进行了研究。结果表明,钓鱼岛海域是春季东海南部竹鱼的主要产卵场,主要产卵期为3月中下旬。根据叉长和体重的频率分布图,可以看出该产卵群体主要有3个叉长优势组,其中以200～220mm和230～240mm叉长组为主,260～270mm叉长组个体极少;体重的组成特征与叉长组成基本一致。由于所取样品处于产卵后期,因此条件生长因子相对较小。个体绝对生殖力在12264～37629粒/尾,个体平均绝对生殖力为27844±10179粒/尾;单位长度生殖力范围为50～157粒/mm,平均值为121±42粒/mm;单位纯体重生殖力为82～238粒/g,平均值为202±68粒/g。     

洛河鲹鲦个体生殖力的研究

2008年4-5月对洛河野生鲹鲦进行随机取样调查,共收集样本145(雌44,雄101)尾.测定成熟雌鱼体长(L)、体重(W)、年龄(A)、空壳重(BW)、卵巢重(GW)、怀卵量等指标,计数个体绝对生殖力(F),并计算出鲹鲦的体长相对生殖力(FL)、体重相对生殖力(FW)、肥满度(CF)和成熟系数(GSI)等,用6种数学模式拟合了鲹鲦个体生殖力与生物学指标间的关系.结果表明:①成熟雌性鲹鲦由0+-3+龄鱼组成;②个体绝对生殖力(F)范围为1937-39563粒,平均8436粒;体长相对生殖力(FL)范围为190-2586粒/cm,平均735粒/cm;体重相对生殖力(Fw)范围为110-865粒/g,平均383粒/g;③其个体绝对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄都呈抛物线函数相关,体长相对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄分别呈抛物线、直线和抛物线函数相关,体重相对生殖力与它们相关不显著.     

越冬和产卵洄游期黄海鳀鱼对能量的利用差异

根据2002年6月至2003年9月黄海中南部水域的鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)样品，分析越冬和产卵期间鳀鱼能量利用差异。结果显示，各个月份鳀鱼性腺指数(GSI)和腹腔含脂量等级呈负相关。越冬和产卵期间鱼体脂肪消耗速率有显著差异，纯鱼体脂肪消耗速率也有相似变化。摄食期间(3～5月)黄海鳀积累大量脂肪作为能量储备，产卵前期(5月)个别鳀鱼全鱼体脂肪含量超过40％，平均脂肪含量达15％，产卵过后平均脂肪含量水平下降了10％～11％。然而，越冬期间(11～1月)脂肪含量变化幅度很小。产卵期间(5～7月)全鱼体脂肪含最与性腺重量(性腺成熟度为Ⅳ或Ⅴ期)呈显著正相关。叉长和性腺重量(性腺成熟度为Ⅳ或Ⅴ期)也呈显著正相关。越冬期间全鱼体和纯龟体的同体物质(蛋白质)含量比产卵期间低1％-2％。各个月份全鱼体固体物质(蛋白质)含量比纯鱼体低1％左右。越冬期间各叉长组能量变化很小，而产卵期间月能量消耗则随叉长呈指数增长。能量损失主要是脂肪新陈代谢造成，而存储蛋白质主要用于性腺发育，并且在越冬和产卵期间全鱼体的蛋白质含量保持相对常量。     

池养大弹涂鱼的个体生殖力

研究了浙江温岭池塘养殖的1、2龄大弹涂鱼的个体生殖力及其与各生物学指标的关系.结果表明,大弹涂鱼的个体绝对生殖力F、相对生殖力FL、FW均服从正态分布;1、2龄鱼个体生殖力F、FL差异高度显著(P＜0.01),FW差异不显著(P＞0.05);个体生殖力,与体长、体重、纯体重、性腺重均呈线性正相关,与成熟系数呈幂函数关系,R与各生物学指标均呈幂指数相关,FW与性腺重和成熟系数呈幂函数关系,而与其它指标关系不显著.给出了个体生殖力F、FL、FW均值的95%置信区间及与各指标的多元回归方程.     

印度洋东部黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业生物学

根据在印度洋东部海域的延绳钓生产实践 ,对所渔获的黄鳍金枪鱼 (Thunnus albacares)群体的构成、繁殖等基本生物学特征进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,渔获黄鳍金枪鱼纯重范围为 10～75 kg,叉长范围为 80～ 15 0 cm,纯重、叉长关系为 W=1.5 2 7× 10 -5L3,渔获构成月间变化明显 ,不同年龄个体性成熟与繁殖节律差异显著     

长江口凤鲚个体生殖力的研究

对凤鲚(Coilia mystus)个体生殖力及其与生物学指标的关系进行了研究。结果表明,个体绝对生殖力(F)为3 146.2~33 237 egg,个体体长相对生殖力(FL)为27.7~185.7 egg·mm-1,个体体重相对生殖力(FW)为366.5~1 614.2 egg·g-1。F、FL与体长、体重、纯体重、卵巢重、成熟系数、年龄均呈幂函数正相关,与肥满度相关关系不显著。FW与表明性腺成熟程度的指标(卵巢重、成熟系数)呈极显著正相关,与其它形态指标均不相关。典型相关分析显示,F主要与卵巢重有关,FL主要与鱼体型有关。依据卵径频率分布推测,凤鲚属单峰一次性产卵鱼类。     

东海宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力

对宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力的分布特征、变化规律及其与各体征指标的关系进行了研究，结果表明个体绝对生殖力r、相对生殖力r/L、r/W均服从正态分布；个体生殖力r、r/L与全长、体高等各度量指标均呈幂函数关系，与体重、纯重等各称量指标均呈线性相关，而r/W除了与表明性腺成熟程度的指标（性腺重、成熟系数）线性相关外，与其它各体征指标均不相关；由典型相关分析得到r主要与鱼体的大小有关，而r/L则主要与鱼的体型有关；4龄前个体生殖力r、r/L都随着鱼的年龄的增长而增加，而r/W则不随鱼的年龄而变化。     

东海区鲐鱼生物学特征及其渔业现状的分析研究

本文以1960～1961年、1973～1975年、1982～1986年和1999～2002年4个年代的东海区渔业资源监测调查资料为依据，比较分析了东海区鲐鱼的种群结构、生长和死亡等生物学性状的动态变化特征。结果表明，东海区鲐鱼从20世纪60年代起至今，经过近40年时间的开发利用，目前该种群的低龄化、小型化现象较为明显；其平均叉长从343．14mm下降到193．66mm，平均体重从588．79g下降到96．89g；种群的个体生长内禀动力发生了较大变化，生长参数K从0．22提高到0．81，渐近叉长从486．84mm减小到367.50mm，体重的生长拐点年龄从4．48龄逐渐减小到1．27龄。尽管东海区鲐鱼目前渔获产量仍维持在较高水平，但种群已长期处于生长型捕捞过度状态。     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来，我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐，参与市场竞争，努力提升企业和产品竞争力，经济社会事业发展较快，对国家的贡献提升，职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善，示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓，战略定位与发展方向不明，经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑，没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系，投资匮乏，发展后劲不足，人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状，提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估，改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作，改革时机的选择，处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系，调整好内部利益分配关系，自觉融入区域经济，与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展，建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响_

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响王丹丽，李明云，杨天勇，胡章（宁波大学，３１５０１０）关键词老年低额　，蚤状　，温度，盐度，生长，生殖ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴ...     

中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化

1　世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过…     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon

Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified.