水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长

Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.     

鱼类几种新型免疫因子的研究进展

Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins that serve as chemical messengers within the innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, great progresses have been made in fish cytokine researches. A number of cytokine genes have been cloned and sequenced in fish. This review will focus on a number of novel immune-related cytokines including interleukin, interferon, interferon regulatory factors, Myxovirus resistance proteins, transforming growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, chemokines (CC and CXC chemokines), NK dell enhancement factor, MHCⅠ, MHCⅡ and some of their receptors, which have been identified in many fish species recently. Their genes and molecular structures are clarified. These cytokines are evolutionary well conserved. They share high identities at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels with the high vertebrate cytokines, and maintain characteristic structural motifs of those higher vertebrates. The function of some cytokine genes are analyzed in conventional manner by production of recombinant molecules. Several fish cytokines have been identified based on functional similarity to, or cross-reactivity with, mammalian cytokines. Moreover, molecular techniques, such as suppression subtractive hybridization, PCR and cDNA library screening, have recently enabled the identification of fish cytokine genes. Because of fish phylogenetic position and the fact that their immune systems have not been elaborated to the extent seen in mammals, progresses in this field will deepen our understanding of the molecular origins of cytokine genes and extend our knowledge on their mechanisms conferring disease resistance and the recombinant cytokines to control fish diseases.     

机帆船母子式延绳钓起钓设备设计方案的探讨

Composite lining fishery on motorized junk is a predominant adoptien by collective fishman at China‘s east sea fishing ground.For over 20 years, various line haulers on sub-composite long-liner have been developed in the regions of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, however none of them has been practically used in fishing produetion. Writer made a prototype in 1984, which obtained good result through operation for a fishing season.     

鱼类白细胞介素1β基因的研究概况

Interleukin-1β(IL-1β) is one of the most pleiotropic cytokines and a central regulator of the immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin-1β was initially discovered within mice and humans and over the last 10 years has been characterized within a wide variety of animals. The IL-1β plays a key role in the inflammatory process, enhancing cell-mediated immunity by inducing the growth and proliferation of lymphocytes, connective tissue cells, and by stimulating immune and inflammatory response effector cells.As an immunoregulatory cytokine, IL-1β has the potential to enhance the immune response induced by a vaccine and/or to modulate the immune response leading to different effector mechanisms. It is produced by many cell types, including monocytes, macrophages,T and B lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Expression is induced by a diverse range of stimuli, including mitogens, cytokines, and microbial products. There have been considerable evidences provided by biological cross reaction that fish produce IL-1β during immune responses, and the bioactivity of IL-1 in fish has been known for over a decade. But only. since 1999,IL-1β gene has been cloned from the rainbow trout. And from then on, IL-1β gene has been cloned and expressed in many fish confirming that fish produces IL-1β gene during immune responses. In mammals it is produced as an inactive precursor that is processed by interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) to give a biologically active ‘mature‘ peptide. There is no signal peptide in IL-1β and its mechanism is unknown. This is the special part of the gene structure of the IL-1β. And through the program analyzing, we found this special structure in fish IL-1β gene. This paper reviews the functions and structure of gene IL-1β and the studies of the gene IL-1β in fish recently.     

鱼类粘膜免疫研究进展

Fish immunology has achieved great progress in recent years. While before 1990s, most researches focused on the fish systematic immunity, and the mucosal immunity of fish had not been given enough attention. Indeed, it has been shown that fish mucosal immunity plays an important role in disease defense. Fish mucosal immunity research has made some exciting progress in this decade. This review will focus on such progress: Constitution of mucosal-associated tissues and distribution of different immune cells, including T/B lymphocytes, granules, monocytes, macrophages, goblet cells, etc, in these sites have been well described with the development of some monoclonal antibody to these cells and associated techniques. Non-specific immune response mechanism of mucosal tissues reported these years, such as secretion of non-specific anti-bacteria and anti-fungi substances in mucus, the respiratory burst, enzyme activity of immune cells and so on, is believed important for fish disease defense. The specific immunity of mucosal tissues also attracts much interest and makes great achievement in antigen presenting, MHC genes, antibody producing and antibody secreting cells, comparison of serum and mucus immunoglobulin, relationships of immune response between different mucosal immune tissues. Whether mucosal immune system is independent of systematic immune system is another interesting question and causes great concern. In recent years, some evidences from phyletic evolution and ontogenesis show that mucosal immunity is prior to systematic immunity in evolution. Dynamics of antibody producing of mucosal tissues and serum in immersion or oral vaccines immunized fish also shows immune response can be elicited in mucosal tissues independent of systematic immune system. Some researchers also begin to pay attention to factors involved in mucosal immune regulations, for instance, neuromodulators and cytokines. The level of these factors changes in fish immune response process but the mechanisms of regulation still remain unknown. Prospect of the promising future of fish mucosal immunity has also been discussed in this review.     

半滑舌鳎染色体核型分析

The tonguefish Cynoglossus semilaevis (Giinther) is a rare fish species in Chinese offing, inhabiting in the warm water bottom. The metaphase chromosome preparation of the fries has been got from their fins by hot air drying methods, while the metaphase chromosomes of one year old young fish which has physiologically sex differentiation has teen got from their renal tissues by the method of PHA and colchicine injection. The karyotypes were examined. The result shows that there are 42 acrocentric chromosomes in diploid and their karyotype formula is 2n = 42t, and there existed heterotypic sex chromosome which belongs to ZW/ZZ type. The sex ratio in artificial bred stock is nearly 1 : 1.     

动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展

With the fast development of aquaculture, fish meal needs increased in recent years, however the quantity of fish catching decreases gradually. Fishmeal is a limited feed resource, and serious concem exists on the future availability of this feedstuff for incorporation in fish diets. Undoubtedly, fish meal is well recognized as the best dietary protein source for most marine carnivorous fishes which required high dietary protein levels compared to omnivorous or herbivorous fish. Fishmeal is known for their high content of essential amino acids and fatty acids, low carbohydrates, high digestibility, low levels of anti-nutritional factors (for fresh fish meal) and is a very good source of minerals and is highly palatable. Thus fish meal is in high demand as the protein source for many formulated diets. However, production of fish meal consumes approximately 35 % of the total global fish catch, and the increasing price and potentially unstable supply in the market could be limiting factors for marine fish culture. There have been strong efforts to define and develop cost-effective protein sources that can, at least partly, substitute for expensive high-quality fish meals in least-cost feed formulations. The search for fish meal substitutes and altemative dietary protein sources is an international research priority that could be of considerable economic advantages. Therefore it is urgent task to find animal and plant protein sources in place of fish meal. Among these, plant feedstuffs have received most attention in recent years, but due to their amino acid unbalances, .presence of anti-nutritional factors and low palatability, a high level of replacement of fish meal with plant feedstuffs in omnivorous fish is generally not well accepted. This paper reviews the research status for other protein sources replacing fish meal based on available information in the literature. Animal and plant protein sources nutrient values are evaluated from the aspect of digestibility, antinutrients, physiological status and suitable supplementation.     

大西洋中部金枪鱼延绳钓渔场大眼金枪鱼的生物学特性

Based on the biological data of bigeye tuna measured from the longlining ground of the Central Atlantic Ocean from Jun. 2001 to Oct. 2001, this paper analyzed the bigeye tuna‘s maturity stages of the gonad, feeding intensity, species composition of prey, sex ratio, fork length distribution, relationships between fork length and dressed weight, fork length and round weight, round weight and dressed weight by statistic and regression methods. The results indicate: ( 1 ) Maturity at Ⅳ-Ⅵ of the gonad are dominant with the highest percentage of Ⅴ (30.11% ). (2)The feeding intensity is mainly in the class 1 ,class 2 or class 3,totally 83.16%. (3)In the bigeye tuna‘s species composition of prey, the percentage of miscellaneous fish or cephalopod is relatively high, 38.05 % or 30.48 % respectively. Catch rate of bigeye tuna can be enhanced when cephalopod is used as the bait. (4) The male-female ratio is 2 : 1. This pattern might result from elevated mortality of adult females. (5) The fork length distribution is suitable for the normal. The dominant fork length is 1.13 - 1.49m, 64.16%, with the mean value of 1.32m. (6)The relationship between fork length and dressed weight. (7)The relationship between fork length and round weight. If the fork length is the same, the round weight converted in this paper‘s formula is a little lighter than the round weight converted in Parks‘s formula concluded at 1981 of the longline bigeye tuna catch. It might be caused by the different sampling areas or sampling time. (8)The relationship between round weight and dressed weight. The round weight conversion factor in this paper is a little higher than the ICCAT. It might be caused by the different processing methods. ICCAT is recommended to adapt this paper‘s conversion factor.     

黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究

In order to protect scientifically the fishery resources and eco-environment of Yellow River , nine investigatioins on hydrobios in the middle and upper reaches of main Yellow River had been carried out since 2002 according to The Standard for the investigation of inland fishery resources. The investigations showed the present status of the fishery resources in these reaches are as follows ：87species （genera）and 8 phylum of phytoplankton,42 species and 6 phylum of zooplankton, 14 species（genera） of banthic organism , 5 species of hydroplant, 38 species of fish. A comparative analysis,With the results of ＂the Yellow River Fishery Resources Survey in 1982＂,shows that the general trend of the plankton is that the average biomass is getting apparently decreased, the aboriginal fishes are endangered intensifically, and there must be some problem of aquatic biological invasion in these reaches. A granual miniaturization of fishes in main Yellow River has been noticed. The authors proposed to carry out investigation and researches on hydrobios resources in main Yellow River , and develop plans to protect the fishery resources in yellow River, which will be an important basis for rehabilitation of the Yellow River waters and it＇s ecological environment, for the maintenance of biological diversity of Yellow River＇s waters. And this work will be of great significance for people＇s life and sustainable development of economics in Yellow River basin.     

两种液化蛋白及其在饲料中的应用

IntroductionFish silage has been produced and used as high nutrition protein resource in feed for many years in Nor-way.The main raw materials are fish offals from fish processing industry,dead fish from fish farming factoryand pelagic fish.It is now a successful and profitable industry and benefits environment protection.With therapid growth in fish farming in China,the demands for high quality protein resource are increasing.There isgreat potential for adopting silage technology in China.A…     

水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景

The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here.     

真鲷天然抗性相关巨噬蛋白全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

Natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nmmp) is an innate resistance protein to intracellular parasites, which is expressed plentifully in macrophage ceils. Nramp has been studied in mouse, human, cattle, rainbow trout and channel catfish.However, tittle was known about the structure of Pagrus major Nramp. In order to get the complete sequence of Pagrus major Nramp, a pair of primer is designed according to a 200bp known sequence of Pagrus major Nramp cDNA. By the use of SMART RACE, the full Nramp of Pagrus major cDNA about 5 000 bp was obtained, including about 200 bp 5‘ terminal region (UTR),complete encoding region and 3‘ terminal region. There were 3 ployA signals, which showed many possibilities of cutting at 3‘ terminal region. The character of Pagrus major Nramp nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence are analyzed. 12 putative transmembrane(TM) regions, a consensus transport motif (CTM), a predicted protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three predicted N-link glycosylation sites are indicated in its deduced amino acid sequence. The ‘consense transport motif‘ CTM is located etween TM8 and TM9. Furthermore, a protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three N-link glycosylation sites were predicted. The lignment of amino acid sequences between Pagrus major Nramp cDNA and several animals is analyzed and the deduced amino acid equence of Pagrus major Nrarnp had 77.8%, 83.0%, 82.3%, 80.0%, 81.1%, 60.4%, 70.3%, 58.5%, 69.5% identity ith rainbow trout α(AAD20721), rainbow trout β(AAD20722), channel catfish(AF400108), fathead minnow (AAF01778),common carp (CABal96), mouse 1 ( AAA39838 ), mouse 2 ( AAC42051 ), human 1 ( D50403 ), human 2 ( NP - 0(106(18 ),respectively. The alignment reveals high conservation in TM and CTM regions. Analysis result makes us get familiar with the structure nd character of fish Nramp, furthermore, offers some infonnat/on for the enhancement of immunity of fish and genetic amelioration on fish breeding.     

鱼粉在水产饲料中的应用研究

As a main protein source in aquafeeds, fish meal has been extensively studied. Fish sources, freshness, processing temperature, lipid quality and microbiological index are five main aspects of the evaluation of fish meal quality. This paper reviewed the researches on fish meal including the evaluation of fish meal quality, the use of fishmeal and the environmental problems. Biogenic amine is the main potential toxin in decomposed fish meal including mainly histamine, cadaverine, putrescine and tyramine and most studies showed that they could affect the fish growth performance and health. The determination of protein digestibility of fish meal includes pepsin-digestion method, animal test, capillary electrophoresis, etc. The content of phosphorus in fish meal and its utilization can introduce pollution to water bodies and the use of alternative protein and improvement of utilization of fish meal can help to reduce the pollution from fish meal.     

Particle size distribution of wastes from freshwater fish farms

Waste water treatment on freshwater fish farms is problematic as waste material and water flows can vary greatly on a daily basis, and, in terms of effluent standards, fish farm effluent represents a dilute waste water output. A study was undertaken to investigate in detail the nature of the waste outputs under field conditions. Waste water samples were split by meshes into the following size ranges: >200μm, 200-100μm, 100-60μm, 60-30μm and <30μm. Waste water quality parameters, suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅) and total phosphorus (TP) were examined for each size range at two freshwater fish farm sites in Scotland, as part of a wider investigation into waste water quality of aquaculture operations. Results indicated that during periods of peak waste output i.e. tank cleaning, approximately 80% of BOD₅ and SS was present in a particle size range of 100-60μm, but only 66% of TP transport occurred in this size range. At other times, low levels (≤40%) of entrapment of wastes by the chosen meshes was observed, suggesting a reversion to predominantly dissolved material transport. Compared against a larger data set of outflow concentrations obtained from another section of the study, maximum removal rates of 46%, 48% and 30% for BOD₅, SS and TP respectively were determined. The implications for waste water treatment at fish farms are discussed.     

复合有益菌剂对工厂化大菱鲆育苗水净化效果研究

On the basis of purifying effect of single strain probiotic bacteria on water of intensive turbot breeding, the purifying effect of multistrain bacteria product was studied. The results of experiments showed that the free multistrain mixed bacteria had better purifying effect on turbot breeding water than that of any singlestrain bacteria. this phenomenon can be explained with the principle of “ biopump”. The immobilized multistrain probiotics product, biofilm, also showed excellent purifying effect on wate r of turbot breeding. The removal rates of COD and ammonia in 5 days were up to 73.1% and 80.0%, respectively. The concentration of nitrite kept low, which indicated most ammonia had been transformed into nitrate and accumulation of harmful intermediate productnitrite was decreased. This paper supplied theoretical and technical foundation for saving sea water through biopurification of wastewater from marine fish culture.     

Direct Detection of Target Genes in Viable Bacteria and Extracellular DNA Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay

When the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is used for detecting target genes, DNA extraction is unnecessary in many cases. Simple pretreatment (e.g. heating) is enough to obtain rather sensitive responses. Even test samples without any pretreatment can be used as template. This feature suggests that LAMP is superior to PCR in developing point-of-care test strategies. In this study, using Stx1 gene from E. coli as model, we verified that viable cells, dead cells and extracellular DNA could function as template in the LAMP assay. In the incubation at 63℃, viable bacteria in the LAMP reaction mixture lysed completely within 2 min, providing DNA template for nucleic acid amplification. The Stx1 gene in diluted culture medium, spiked tap water, spiked seawater and real seawater all could be detected, with or without the step of DNA extraction. We found that the complex substances in real sample (e.g. natural seawater) exhibited considerable inhibitory effect on the sensitivity of the LAMP assay. These outcomes are meaningful for building a point-of-care strategy by employing the LAMP assay for environmental monitoring, bio-resource surveys, food safety, etc. in particular those based on environmental DNA.     

鲍遗传育种研究进展

Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice.     

鱼类诺达病毒及其所导致的疾病

In recent years, piscine nodaviruses have emerged as major pathogens of a wide range of larval and juvenile marine finfish resulting in high mortality in aquaculture worldwide. Affected fish exhibit a range of neurological signs, such as erratic swimming behaviour with the associated microscopic lesions of necrosis and vacuolation of the central nervous tissues and retina. Numerous roundshaped, unenveloped and 25-30 nm in diameter virus particles were found in the cytoplasm of affected retinal and nerve cells. Nodaviruses have a bipartite genome of positivesense RNA,with RNA1 encoding the RNAdependent RNA polymerase and RNA2 encoding the capsid protein. Both RNA are capped, but not polyadenylated. The family Nodaviridae comprises two genera: Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus, members of which primarily infect insects and fish, respectively. Therefore, betanodavirus is also named piscine nodavirus. At present, piscine nodaviruses are divided into four genotypes based on partial sequences of the coat protein gene. ELISA and RT-PCR amplification have been developed as specific diagnostic methods for the d etection of the virus. Antibodies to striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) nervous necrosis (SJNNV) were found in 65% of plasma samples collected from wild and domestic brood stocks of striped jack, suggesting that the virus is very prevalent. Viral antigens were detected in eggs, larvae, and ovaries of hatcheryreared and wild spawner fish, suggesting both horizontal and vertical modes of transmission of the virus. Selection of nodavirusfree spawners using ELISA for detection of antigens and RT-PCR techniques have successfully reduced incidences of the virus infections in juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax),striped jack and barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). The SSN1 and GF cell lines have been successfully used in isolating piscinenodaviruses.Although there are many papers describing the molecular characteristics of betanodavirus, our knowledge of the genomic attributes of these viruses is still limited. Vaccination studies are being undertaken by a number of researchers and need to be fostered. In particular, the use of passive immunization of broodfish with homologous and heterologous, high titre antisera are worthy of investigation.     

CJL精滤机油滤清器在渔船上的试验

Model CTL final lube oil filter has been successfully developed by Fishing Vessel Factory of NO 2 Fishing Company in Zhou Shan, Zhejiang province on the basis of ““absorption and ““digestion““ of imported equipment. It has a good performance since its operation on fishing vessel for several thousand hours and bench test in Shanghai Combustion Engine Institute. The technical specifications of the fibrous filter gauze are close and up to those of same kind of foreign product, and satisfaotory resuitso have been obtained from its practical use on motorized junk by Zhejiang Marine Fishery Institute.     

饥饿胁迫对鲤肠道与肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of starvation on digestive enzymes activity of the carp （Cyprinus carpio） at the water temperature 18 -20℃ in the cycle and flow water aquarium. The experiment was designed for four groups with three replication,which were 0 day（control） , 10 days, 20 days, 30days group. The results showed That there was a trend to drop first and keep stabilization for Cyprinus carpio body weight and Meat Content with the prolongatin of starvation, and that Effect of starvation stress on the the activity of protease in intestine and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio was significant, with the prolongatin of starvation, there was a trend to increase then drop for the activity of protease in fore-gut, mid-gut hind-gut and hepatopancreas of Cyprinus carpio. And that the variatin for activityof amylase in fore-gut was significant butthat of the others was no significant.