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1.
北部湾鱼类多样性及优势种的时空变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
根据2007年在北部湾进行的4季渔业资源底拖网调查资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性和优势种的时空变化进行分析.本次调查共捕获鱼类323种,隶属于18目101科,以发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、黄斑M(Leiognathus bindus)、竹??鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)和大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomusmacrocephalus)为主要优势种.分析结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体趋势为k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类种类减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多.鱼类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)以共同渔区北部海域最高(3.60),东北部海域次之(3.58),共同渔区南部海域最低(2.35),四季多样性指数为2.96~3.77,平均3.31.2007年多样性指数比 1992-1993年低,但高于1998-1999年,表明近年来该海域捕捞压力有所减缓,使得渔业资源有一定的恢复.本研究旨在了解北部湾生物多样性和优势种的动态变化及演替状况,为该海域渔业资源的合理开发与可持续利用对策提供科学依据.  相似文献   

2.
黄海典型断面渔业资源结构的季节变化   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
单秀娟 《水产学报》2013,37(3):425-435
为了解黄海渔业资源结构的动态变化,实验基于2006年9月(秋季)和12月(冬季)、2007年3月和5月(春季)对黄海南部三个典型断面(S1断面位于南黄海南部北部水域,S2断面位于黄海和东海交界处,S3断面位于黄海南部中部水域)的渔业底拖网调查数据,对黄海断面的渔业种类更替、生物量变动、多样性季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了初步分析.结果显示,各季节调查共捕获渔业生物156种,其中鱼类109种,底层鱼类占89.0%.各季节前10位渔业种类的渔获量均占总渔获量的60%以上,且主要渔业种类组成变化不大,以小黄鱼、黄(鮟)(鱇)、细纹狮子鱼、鳀和脊腹褐虾等为主.各季节S2断面的主要渔业种类组成有显著变化,而S1和S3断面的主要渔业种类组成变化不大,但各种类渔获量在总渔获量中的比例变化很大;各断面渔业生物个体体质量一般都小于40 g.黄海南部海域从南向北各断面渔业种类多样性递减;各季节的渔业种类数与群落丰富度指数呈正相关.研究表明,黄海各断面渔业资源结构从北向南存在明显的季节变化,并且与底层温度和盐度的关系密切.  相似文献   

3.
北部湾东北部游泳生物资源现状   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2009年至2010年对北部湾东北部海域游泳生物调查研究表明,该海域共有游泳生物300种,其中鱼类有209种(硬骨鱼类205种,软骨鱼类4种),隶属15目、70科、119属;甲壳类76种;头足类15种。底层鱼类100种,近底层鱼类72种,中上层鱼类29种,岩礁性鱼类8种,分别占鱼类总数的47.85%,34.45%,13.87%和3.83%。暖水性鱼类153种,暖温性鱼类55种,冷温性鱼类1种,分别占鱼类总数的73.20%,26.32%和0.48%。游泳生物种类数季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季;资源密度指数季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季;渔业资源密度随季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季,渔业资源年平均资源密度为522.925kg·km^-2,约相当于该海域原始渔业资源密度的1/10;生物多样性指数以夏、秋季最高。估算了北部湾东北部海域潜在渔业资源量为1.092×10^5t·a^-1,最大可捕量为5.460×10^4t·a^-1。比较了北部湾渔业资源的历史变动情况,对渔业资源的进一步养护和管理提出了建议。  相似文献   

4.
探究北部湾春季鱼类多样性变化及与环境因子的关系,为北部湾海域渔业资源的变化及渔业资源的长期开发、利用和保护提供参考。根据2011年和2018年春季北部湾渔业资源调查数据,结合海表面温度(SST)、叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)遥感数据及水深数据,采用典范对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)方法,研究北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度、鱼类多样性指数与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:2018年春季鱼类捕获种类数高于2011年春季,分别为157和135种;2011年春季优势种为竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)及鹿斑鲾(Secutor ruconius),而2018年春季优势种为竹荚鱼、二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)及日本发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum),竹荚鱼为共有优势种。2011年与2018年春季鱼类多样性指数无显著差异(P > 0.05)。CCA和RDA分析结果表明:SST与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈显著正相关性(P < 0.05),而与鱼类多样性指数呈负相关;水深与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈正相关性,而与鱼类多样性指数呈负相关;同时,Chl-a浓度与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),而与鱼类多样性指数呈显著正相关性(P < 0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
秋季黄海底层鱼类群落结构的变化   总被引:22,自引:7,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
根据1985年和2000年秋季渔业生物资源底拖网调查资料,分析了黄海底层鱼类群落结构的时空变化。结果表明,渔业资源优势种的组成随区域和时间不同有着较大的差异。黄海北部和中部渔获种类组成相似性较高,北部与南部、中部与南部的相似性较低;黄海渔获生物种类组成年间相似性较高,为65。进一步的单因子ANOSIM分析表明黄海底层鱼类群落不同区域和年间种类组成没有显著性差异。黄海渔业生物多样性由北向南递减。与1985年相比,2000年鱼类群落长度谱表现出小型种类和小个体增多,大个体减少,且长度范围变小;主要优势种的长度组成也呈现小型化趋势。长度谱区域变化则是从北部向南部小个体数量增多,大个体数量减少。  相似文献   

6.
莱州湾渔业资源群落结构和多样性的年际变化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
根据2009-2013年每年8月在莱州湾水域进行的渔业底拖网调查数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域的渔业资源群落结构和多样性特征的年际变化.结果显示,调查共鉴定出100种资源种类,其中鱼类56种;渔业资源种类和资源量存在明显的年际变化,2013年渔业资源种类数为2012年种类数的84.4%,仅为2009年的60.3%,平均网获质量明显下降.鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.各生态多样性指数均呈现下降趋势,Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)变化范围为2.67-3.95,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')变化范围为0.70-3.83,Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.12-0.63.聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维标度分析(MDS)分析表明,在相同的相似性水平上分组,组内平均相似性与组间相异性变大.单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,各年渔业群落结构均存在显著差异(P<0.05).综上所述,莱州湾渔业资源逐年衰退,优势种更替明显,群落结构发生明显变化,多样性呈下降趋势.  相似文献   

7.
黄河入海泥沙年际通量对莱州湾渔业资源结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据2009年8月-2013年8月莱州湾海域渔业拖网调查数据,分析该海域渔业种群组成、优势种、空间分布和资源量的年际变动,以了解黄河入海泥沙通量对莱州湾渔业结构的影响.结果表明:(1)莱州湾渔业资源量整体呈下降趋势,主要以鱼类为主,甲壳类次之,头足类最少;鱼类中以中上层鱼类为主,网获量明显多于底层鱼类,但2011年8月底层鱼类稍多于中上层鱼类;(2)莱州湾渔业资源各年份的优势种有所变动,中上层鱼类和底层鱼类的优势种变动较大,甲壳类优势种变动较少,鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.主要优势种集中于斑鲦、矛尾鰕虎鱼、口虾蛄、小带鱼和日本枪乌贼等种类.2010年斑鲦大量暴发,为唯一优势种;(3)2009-2013年黄河入海泥沙年际通量与鱼类种数、底层鱼类数和渔业资源数存在显著相关性,与底层鱼类生物量存在极显著相关性.综上所述,黄河入海泥沙年际通量的变动对莱州湾渔业资源量和资源结构都产生了一定影响.  相似文献   

8.
以数量生物量比较曲线评价东海鱼类群落的状况   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
利用1997-2000年东海渔业资源的调查资料,应用数量生物量比较曲线(abundance-biomass comparison curves,简称ABC曲线)方法及生物量谱分析东海鱼类群落的状况。调查过程中共出现的鱼类有350种,隶属于29目、121科、239属。按数量排序,前57种鱼类的累积数量百分比达到了99%,其中48种类的平均个体体质量低于50g,占84.2%,这些鱼的累积数量百分比高达97.7%,生物量百分比为82.5%;平均个体体质量在50-100g之间的种类有6种,而平均个体体质量大于100g的种类只有3种。主要优势种类为竹笑鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、鲲(Engraulis japonicas)、七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、鳄齿鱼(Champsodon capensis)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)等。春季、夏季和冬季东海鱼类群落的ABC曲线显示群落的数量优势度曲线高于生物量的优势度曲线;秋季其数量优势度曲线与生物量优势度曲线相交,4个季节根据ABC曲线计算的形统计值的变化范围为-0.035~-0.077,冬季形统计值最低,其次为秋季,夏季最高。根据Warwick(1986)的划分标准,东海的鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态。从东海鱼类群落生物量谱来看,4个季节标准化生物量谱线性回归的斜率均小于-1,东海鱼类群落的生物量随着个体体质量的增加而逐渐减少,群落的生物量主要集中于较小个体体质量区间内。虽然东海鱼类群落状况在某些季节呈现好转,但其种类组成中小个体的比例仍然较高,主要种类组成中绝大多数种类(如鲲、发光鲷、七星底灯鱼等)的成体个体较小,各季节的数量和生物量百分比都相对较高;也包括一些个体大小差异较大的种类(如带鱼、小黄鱼、竹笑鱼等)。由于幼鱼补充、生长等原因导致它们数量、生物量以及平均个体体质量的季节变化较明显。而一些平均个体体质量较大的种类如蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)、黄鳍马面纯(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)仅在某些季节为优势种类,但其生物量百分比远低于某些小型种类的生物量百分比。  相似文献   

9.
上岸渔获调查是调查渔业资源的主要方法之一。通过2010年9月至2011年8月监测海南岛主要渔港渔情,统计分析渔获上岸量、渔获组成和作业类型,评估南海渔业资源开发现状并提出建议。结果表明,1)低值幼鱼渔获比例超过40%,经济渔获蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)、带鱼(Trichiurushaumela)、马鲛(Scomber-morus)、眼镜鱼(Menemaculata)、金线鱼(Nemipterus)和头足类(Cephalopoda)的总和不足25%;2)蓝圆骖和带鱼是海南岛上岸渔获的优势种;3)拖网是海南岛近海渔获量最高的作业类型;4)海南岛近海底层渔业资源已严重衰退,远海中上层渔业资源具有巨大开发潜力。建议禁止海南岛近海拖网生产,允许南海休渔期间灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,通过增加远海作业船只的柴油补贴等途径扶持灯光围网和灯光罩网生产,构建“养护近海渔业、开发远海渔业”的新捕捞格局。  相似文献   

10.
珠江口浅水域小型虾拖网渔获组成分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
拖虾是广东省沿海捕捞渔业的主要作业方式之一。为了查明小型虾拖网的渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2006年10~11月对在珠江口浅水域进行捕虾作业的虾罟网渔船进行了海上渔获组成抽样调查。研究结果表明,珠江口浅水域虾罟网的渔获种类多、组成复杂,幼鱼和副渔获的比例高;主要渔获种类是周氏新对虾Metapenaeus joyneri(18.57%)、矛形梭子蟹Portunus hastatoides(15.48%)、脊尾白虾Exopalaemoncarinicauda(11.50%)和斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon(11.16%),刀额新对虾Metapenaeus ensis、脊尾白虾、白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus、海鳗Muraenesocidae和银鲳Pampusargenteus渔获100%为幼鱼,凤鲚Coiliamystus和棘头梅童鱼CoUichthys lucidus幼鱼比例分别高达87.65%和96.15%;周氏新对虾、脊尾白虾、斑节对虾为主捕对象,鱼类和蟹类是主要的副渔获种类;虾罟网捕捞对渔业资源造成一定程度的破坏。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

14.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

15.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

16.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

17.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

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