豫西山区野生百合中层鳞片扦插繁殖技术研究

用混合基质、砂、田土3种基质对豫西山区5种野生百合中层鳞片进行扦插繁殖试验.结果表明:5种野生百合中层鳞片都具有较强的扦插繁殖能力,同时证明5种野生百合中层鳞片在不同基质中的扦插成活与成球情况不同,混合基质最适宜野生百合中层鳞片扦插繁殖.     

兰州百合鳞片扦插繁殖效率研究

以兰州百合鳞茎不同部位为试材,在相同的培养基质中,研究了不同NAA浓度和处理时间、不同扦插深度对鳞片扦插效果各项指标的影响.结果表明:外层鳞片能够获得更多的小子球,但是获得小子球的根数显著少于内层鳞片,外源激素NAA的浓度和处理时间以及鳞片的包埋深度都影响鳞片生成小球的成活率和品质.百合鳞茎各层鳞片能表现出不同的繁殖效率,NAA浓度为0.5 g/L、浸泡2 min、扦插深度为5 cm,更有利于兰州百合的鳞片扦插繁殖.     

东北百合无性繁殖研究

以东北百合的鳞片为材料进行扦插繁殖,比较了不同消毒剂、不同基质及鳞茎的不同层鳞片对扦插繁殖小鳞茎的影响.结果表明:在25℃避光条件下,用0.1% HgCl2处理鳞片,可有效防止鳞片腐烂,提高繁殖系数.以原生土、草炭+珍珠岩(1:1)这2种基质最好,诱导率达89.3%～93.3%,平均每鳞片繁殖小鳞茎数较高,达1.14～1.19个,产生的小鳞茎质量也较好,而且鳞片腐烂率低,生根效果也最好;草炭+河沙(2:1)及草炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(1:1:1)的扦插效果仅次于草炭+珍珠岩(1:1);河沙扦插鳞片时,平均每鳞片繁殖小鳞茎数最高,达1.38个,但诱导率最低(58.7%),易造成鳞片干萎,草炭则易造成鳞片大量腐烂,均不宜使用.鳞茎的外层鳞片比中、内层鳞片容易诱导出鳞茎,诱导率为100%,产生小鳞茎的数量最多,平均每鳞片繁殖小鳞茎数1.45个,小鳞茎平均直径也比中、内层的大.     

3种基质对百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响

以东方百合甜梦、粉色天使、粉色印迹和亚洲百合进口种球迷恋为试材,研究基质对百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响.结果表明：3种基质均能显著提高百合鳞片扦插繁殖的生长势、提高繁殖系数.其中以亚洲百合迷恋表现最好,用泥炭作扦插基质效果好.     

东北室内朱顶红鳞片扦插繁殖研究

本试验主要以朱顶红的鳞片为扦插材料,按单/双鳞片的形式进行扦插繁殖。结论得出:双鳞片扦插后不仅得到了仔球,而且仔球的平均直径可以达到0.79cm,根系的数量比单鳞片扦插的数量要多。而单鳞片扦插却只生根不得仔球,根系长度比双鳞片所得的要长。因此证明,朱顶红只适合双鳞片扦插。     

兰州百合鳞片扦插繁育技术

正导读:兰州百合味道甘甜鲜美,是全国唯一食用甜百合,深受广大消费者喜爱。对其主要繁殖方式——鳞片扦插技术进行了要点总结,以利于扩大繁殖量,有效降低种球的成本,提高种植收入。兰州百合是百合科多年生草本植物,味道甘甜鲜美,是全国唯一食用甜百合,深受广大消费者喜爱。兰州百合种球的大量生产主要采用鳞片扦插繁殖技术,而国内有关百合鳞片扦插的研究虽较多     

兰州百合鳞片子球繁育技术研究

从兰州百合鳞片的选取、扦插方式、放置方式、扦插方法及鳞片扦插的温度、基质、水肥、光照及调节剂等方面,详细介绍兰州百合鳞片子球繁殖的先进技术,建立兰州百合鳞片子球繁育技术体系。     

百合细胞形态学研究进展

总结了百合染色体核型以及花粉形态学等方面的研究成果,并对组织培养、鳞茎发育和鳞片扦插繁殖过程中的细胞形态学、以及百合内生菌的初步研究进行了综述.     

不同生长激素对梵净山野百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响

以梵净山野百合为材料,研究不同浓度的3种激素NAA、IBA、ABT对鳞片扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:3种激素对梵净山野百合鳞片扦插繁殖的影响都比较明显。用NAA处理,当浓度为150 mg/L时,其鳞片扦插生根率、分化鳞茎数、繁殖系数都达到最大值;用IBA处理,在处理浓度为150 mg/L时分化鳞茎数最多,而在处理浓度为200 mg/L时长出的小鳞茎直径却达到最大值;用ABT处理,当ABT浓度为200 mg/L时,梵净山野百合鳞茎扦插繁殖的生根率达到最大,但对于诱导鳞片产生鳞茎的效果不是很理想。     

东方百合鳞片扦插繁育技术

<正>鳞片扦插繁殖技术,成本低,操作方便,且繁殖系数高,是目前百合种球商品化生产过程中必不可少的关键环节。笔者自2005年开始,经过4年时间分别对东方百合品种的"西伯利亚"、"索棒"、"木门"、"水晶布兰卡"4个品种进行了扦插繁殖     

Erstnachweis der räuberischen Gallmücke Lestodiplosis diaspidis (Kieffer, 1910) (Nematocera: Cecidomyiidae) als Prädator der Maulbeerschildlaus Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in Deutschland

In 2015 within an initial test for the biological regulation of the White Scale (Diaspididae: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona) in a fruit orchard near house gardens in Pfinztal-Soellingen near Karlsruhe on heavily infested mulberry (Morus nigrum) a predatory gall midge Lestodiplosis diaspidis (Kieffer, 1910) (Nematocera: Cecidomyiidae) has been detected. This is the first record of this beneficial species for Germany. The importance of this gall midge as an antagonist of White Scale should be investigated in further studies.     

The effect of light and of explant orientation on the regeneration and subsequent growth of bulblets on Lilium longiflorum Thunb,bulb-scale sections cultured in vitro

Lilium longiflorum, cultivar ‘Osnat’, bulb-scale sections were cultured in the light and in the dark with explants placed with their dorsal (abaxial) side on the medium, and in the dark with their ventral (adaxial) side up or down, or in the upright or inverted position. Scale sections regenerated bulblets, roots and callus. In all cases, bulblets developed only on the ventral side of the scale. Light did not affect the regeneration capacity of the scale piece but did significantly affect bulblet growth. Bulblets developing in the light were small and bore many leaves. In the dark, a smaller number of bulblets, which were much larger but bore fewer leaves, developed. In the light, leaf dry weight was double that of bulb dry weight, whereas in the dark this proportion was reversed. In contrast to light, explant orientation greatly affected regeneration percentage. Scale sections planted with their ventral side down regenerated fewer and smaller bulbs, less root, but much more callus than those with their dorsal side down. The upright and inverted positions also reduced the number of bulblets regenerated and increased callus formation.     

A new data aggregation technique to improve landscape metric downscaling

Scale is a fundamental concept in landscape ecology and considerable attention has been given to the scale-dependent relationships of landscape metrics. Many metrics have been found to exhibit very consistent scaling relationships as map resolution (i.e., pixel or grain size) is increased. However, these scaling relationships tend to break down when attempting to ‘downscale’ them, and the scaling function is often unable to accurately predict metric values for finer resolutions than the original data. The reasons for this breakdown are not well understood. This research examines the downscaling behavior of metrics using various data aggregation techniques in an attempt to better understand the characteristics of metric scaling behavior. First, downscaling performance is examined using the traditional method of aggregation known as ‘majority rules’. Second, a new data aggregation technique is introduced that utilizes fractional land cover abundances obtained from sub-pixel remote sensing classifications in order to capture a greater amount of the spatial heterogeneity present in the landscape. The goal of this new aggregation technique is to produce a more accurate scaling relationship that can be downscaled to predict metric values at fine resolutions. Results indicate that sub-pixel classifications have the potential to transform data aggregation to allow more accurate downscaling for certain landscapes, but accuracy is linked to the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape.     

The perceived restorativeness of gardens – Assessing the restorativeness of a mixed built and natural scene type

Natural environments have been found more restorative than built environments but studies have also highlighted mixed built and natural environments. The aims were to examine the perceived restorativeness of gardens, and evaluate the performance of the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, PRS, when applied to two examples from the same mixed built natural scene type rather than to a contrast between built and natural. The results show that the gardens are perceived restorative and the PRS also discriminated between the two gardens. This points to the PRS being a useful tool and emphasizes the shortcomings of broad scene type definitions. The results show that one scene type can include environments that are significantly different in perceived restorativeness. This underlines the need to collect data on a greater number of different scene types and examples within each type, as well as to have more controlled definitions of content and scene types to understand the relationship between the physical expression of a place and its potential of being restorative. The results show that the PRS is sensitive to place characteristics at subscale level, showing a high Being Away score for both gardens and a Scope score that differed substantially. The results show a high correlation between restorativeness and preference.     

百合组培中鳞片处理及其颜色变化与鳞茎形成的关系

 研究了百合鳞片发育程度、切割段数、形态及生理变化、培养基的P 和K含量与鳞茎形成的关系。结果表明: 取中层鳞片、每片横切6 段的繁殖系数最高, 基部鳞片结鳞茎数最多, 且鳞茎发生最早。鳞片由基部向顶部繁殖系数递减。培养过程中鳞片颜色和形态变化依次为乳白色、浅黄、浅紫色、绿紫、鳞片干枯、鳞茎增大, 鳞片由浅黄变为绿紫色过程中叶绿素含量增加, 淀粉和可溶性糖含量下降。适当增加培养基中P、K的含量可提高鳞茎形成的数量和质量。     

How perceived sensory dimensions of urban green spaces are associated with adults’ perceived restoration,stress, and mental health?

This study investigates associations between perceived sensory dimensions (PSDs) of urban green spaces (UGSs) and adults’ perceived restoration, stress, and mental health. Data were collected through surveys with 426 adults in 2019 in seven different UGSs in Aydın, Turkey. The PSDs of UGSs (nature, serene, space, rich in species, social, prospect, culture, and refuge) were evaluated and rated by two professional landscape architects. The perceived restorativeness (being away, fascination, coherence, and compatibility) was measured with the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, and health indicators (stress, mental health, mental health diagnosis, mental health treatment, general health, and quality of life) were measured with self-reported questions. Multivariate multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations controlling for confounding factors. Four of the eight PSDs were analyzed due to multicollinearity issues in the study. Regression analyses showed that ‘nature’ was positively associated with perceived restorativeness, stress, and mental health, while ‘refuge’ was only positively associated with perceived restorativeness. On the other hand, ‘serene’ was negatively associated with perceived restorativeness. Whereas ‘rich in species’ was found to be negatively associated with perceived restorativeness and positively associated with mental health diagnosis. In addition, findings showed that frequency of and duration of UGSs visit were negatively associated with perceived restorativeness. The findings suggest that providing characteristics of ‘nature’ and ‘refuge’ in UGSs may provide restorative effects and mental benefits to adults. However, unexpected results suggest that further research is needed before using these characteristics as a tool by landscape architects and city planners.     

Large-scale effects on the spatial distribution of seabirds in the Northwest Atlantic

Scale questions are particularly important for organisms which range over large areas, as pelagic seabirds do. The investigations of scale are of practical importance for describing patch size of predator and prey, determining the appropriate scale of study and correcting survey transects. We conducted this study in order to explore a substantially wider diversity of spatial scales than has previously been attempted in the pelagic bird literature. As an example of large monitoring datasets dealing with seabirds, we use the PIROP (Programme intégré pour le recherche des oiseaux pélagiques) data set to investigate relevant large scale issues for these species in the Northwestern Atlantic. We analyzed autocorrelation within selected winter and summer transects, and for 1 degree analysis units (‘bins’) for data collected June–August 1966–1992. We also investigated effects of the analysis unit on counting results and on the links between seabirds and their environment (depth, sea surface salinity and temperature). We selected scales of 1, 2, 5 and 10 degrees analysis units; an ecological mapping scale (‘Banks’ not deeper than 200 m) and a political scale (management convention zones of the North Atlantic Fisheries Organization, NAFO) were also included. Using ‘binning’ of various scales, our results show that the Coefficient of Variation for seabird abundances varies among aggregation scales, and that seabird associations with their environment can show scale effects. Autocorrelation of analysis units indicated some distinct larger scale patch sizes for particular species during the breeding season.     

Growth and development of Lilium longiflorum ‘Nellie White’ during bulb production under controlled environments : I. Effects of constant,variable and greenhouse day/night temperature regimes on scale and stem bulblets

One-year-old scale and stem bulblets of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Nellie White’ (Easter lily) were grown under constant and variable growth chamber conditions and greenhouse conditions to compare growth and development and bulb production. Eight temperatures regimes were established using the following: six growth chambers set to provide day/night temperature regimes of 30/26, 26/22, 22/18, 18/14, 14/10 and 10/6 °C; a seventh growth chamber (VAR) programmed to begin at 22/18 °C, then decline in three 4–5 week steps to 10/6 °C, and subsequently increase in three 4–5 week steps to 22/18 °C to simulate seasonal field temperatures in the coastal bulb production area of northern California and southern Oregon; and a double layer polyethylene greenhouse (GH) set to begin cooling at 22 °C and heating at 18 °C. Ten percent of the scale bulblets and 35% of the stem bulblets failed to develop shoots (“no-shows”). “No-shows” increased with increasing temperature with a significant number starting at 18/14 °C. The moderately high GH temperature also induced “no-shows”. Maximum basal bulb (the main planted bulb) weight occurred at 26/22 °C for both bulblet types. Scale bulblets not only produced heavier basal bulbs with a larger circumference than stem bulblets, but also produced heavier stem bulbs. Stem bulb formation and production was maximized in the range of 18/14–26/22 °C and in the GH for scale bulblets. Stem bulb production from stem bulblets did not differ from zero. Scale bulblets produced more basal and stem roots than the stem bulblets at the end of the early growth period, but there was no significant difference at the end of the study. Root fresh weight was greatest in the range of 14/10–18/14 °C and declined at higher or lower temperatures. The VAR and GH treatments had similar root weights to those at 18/14 °C. Shoot length was maximized at 22/18 °C for stem bulblets and in the GH and at 22/18 °C for scale bulblets. Stem plus leaf (shoot) fresh weight was not statistically different between bulblet types with the exception of an increased weight for stem bulblets grown at 22/18 °C. Scale bulblets in the GH had greater stem plus leaf weights than scale bulblets in the other temperature regimes. Shoot leaf number was highest in stem bulblets at 22/18 °C and in the GH. In these two temperature treatments, more leaves were produced by stem bulblets than scale bulblets. In all other treatments, there was no significant difference in leaf number. Bulblet type had no effect on number of flowers produced. Flower number was maximum in the range 10/6–22/18 °C, decreased at 26/22 °C and in the GH, and was absent at 30/26 °C. For bulb production, reduced flowering is desired since flowers are generally removed during the outdoor bulb production period. Meristem abortion, which also causes a desirable reduction in flowers, was greater in scale bulblets. It occurred at 26/22 °C and was greater at 30/26 °C. Scale bulbs produced the largest main bulbs, with a maximum yield at 26/22 °C.     

Stress recovery and restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai,China

ObjectivesMany studies have found that natural environments benefit human health and wellbeing, but few have measured restorativeness of specific landscape components, especially in Chinese settings. Because the rapid urbanization of China is accompanied by increasing predomination of hardscape components in cities, the restorative quality of urban green space is a crucial issue. This study explored the stress recovery effects of different videotaped scenes, using six urban parks and one urban roadway scene. Potentially restorative urban park scenes were controlled for nature-based vs. hardscape components, presence/absence of people, and level of openness.MethodsSubjects were Chinese university students (N = 140) aged 18–24. After completing an oral exam as a stressor, an equal number of males and females were randomly assigned to watch one of the seven videotaped scenes during a stress recovery stage, while data were collected on changes in stress and attentional levels. Physiological responses were measured by Electrocardiography (ECG) and Skin Conductance Response (SCR). Psychological responses were measured by the state (short-term) version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the Digit Span Backwards (DSB) test, and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS).ResultsIn a Chinese sample, this study confirmed previous findings that nature-based urban park scenes relieved stress and restored attentional levels, while viewing an urban roadway increased negative feelings. Overall perceived restorativeness was significantly higher in two scenes depicting a Lawn without people and a Small Lake, compared with a paved Plaza with or without people, confirming previous findings that restorativeness is associated with predominance of nature-based landscape components. This study also confirmed previous findings that outdoor scenes without people were more restorative than scenes depicting people.DiscussionThis study found different levels of restorativeness associated with different landscape features, and helped confirm that nature-based components are more likely to reduce stress than hardscape components, using Chinese urban scenes with a Chinese population. Findings can be used in future planning and design of urban spaces in China, emphasizing the value of parks and green spaces in relevant contexts.