11份茄子砧木材料的硒富集差异研究

为比较不同茄子砧木的富硒差异,筛选出富硒能力较强的茄子砧木,通过盆栽试验,研究了11份茄子砧木材料的硒富集特性。试验结果表明,野生番茄和云南野生茄的根系和地上部分的生物量、地上部分的硒含量均高于其他茄子砧木材料;就硒积累量而言,野生番茄和云南野生茄的根系及地上部分硒积累量均高于其他茄子砧木材料。野生番茄和云南野生茄在11份茄子砧木材料中的生长速度最快,富硒能力最强,可作为富硒茄子生产的首选砧木材料。     

嫁接番茄果实糖分变化及其与氮磷含量相关性分析

以红果番茄‘戴维森’（Dv）和粉果番茄‘罗拉’（La）为接穗,以‘Anta-T’(At)和‘Midako’(Md)番茄为砧木进行嫁接,研究了不同穗砧组合不同发育时期果实糖组分含量、蔗糖代谢相关酶活性及矿质元素含量的变化。结果表明,砧木可显著影响接穗果实的果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量且与接穗间存在显著交互作用。花后30 d,Dv/At果实蔗糖含量较Dv/Md高8.06%,La/At和La/Md之间无显著差异。花后110d时,Dv/Md果糖含量较自根嫁接苗低20.66%,La/Md却与自根嫁接苗无显著差异。不同嫁接组合果实中糖分含量差异与蔗糖代谢酶活性密切相关,果实糖分差异在发育前期主要受到接穗对酸性转化酶活性的调控作用,发育后期主要受到砧木对蔗糖磷酸合成酶和中性转化酶活性的影响。不同穗砧组合的果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和铁含量差异显著。曲线估计分析显示,果实中氮和磷含量与蔗糖酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性以及果糖、葡萄糖含量呈显著的负相关,与蔗糖含量成显著正相关。因此,在嫁接栽培促进番茄提质增产过程中,氮、磷养分管理应与砧木吸收特性相协调,从而避免氮、磷吸收增多引起番茄果实糖度和风味降低。     

番茄嫁接后生理指标的变化

以感病番茄‘Money Maker’为接穗、抗病番茄‘1221’为砧木形成的嫁接组合为试材,并分别以番茄‘Money Maker’和番茄‘1221’为对照,研究了番茄嫁接后接穗可溶性蛋白质含量和丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果表明:在嫁接7d后,接穗MDA含量、可溶性蛋白质含量均有增高,其中在第10天达到高峰,表明嫁接后砧木会影响接穗发生生理变化。     

适宜浙南地区的番茄嫁接砧木筛选

为筛选适宜浙南地区嫁接的优质番茄砧木,以‘浙砧1号‘’浙砧7号‘’金钻‘’坂砧’4种材料为砧木,以‘瓯绣201’番茄为接穗,以‘瓯绣201’番茄自根苗为对照(CK),研究了不同砧木嫁接对番茄成活率、生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明‘:浙砧1号’砧木嫁接番茄成活率最高‘,浙砧7号’砧木最低‘;浙砧1号’砧木嫁接缩短植株节间长,降低植株高度,显著提高了番茄单果质量;各砧木嫁接均提高了番茄果实维生素C含量,但可溶性固形物含量下降‘;浙砧1号‘’金钻‘’坂砧’砧木嫁接植株产量分别较CK提高了13.23%、7.10%和2.15%,而‘浙砧7号’砧木嫁接产量却下降了9.12%。从4种砧木的综合表现来看‘,浙砧1号’砧木在温州地区更具有较好的适应性。     

不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响

为了解不同砧木对‘绿岭’核桃抗寒性的影响,以"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑"和"核桃"作砧木,嫁接‘绿岭’核桃的2年生幼树为试材,分别在-5、-10、-15、-20、-25、-30℃低温胁迫后,测定其1年生枝条的电解质渗出率、丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等指标,分析其耐寒能力。结果表明:随着胁迫温度的下降,4种砧木的‘绿岭’核桃枝条的电解质渗出率呈‘S’型上升趋势,"中宁强""中宁异""加州黑""核桃"砧木‘绿岭’核桃的半致死温度分别为-21.7、-22.3、-25.3、-22.8℃;丙二醛含量、保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量变化均呈先升后降的趋势,丙二醛含量在-25℃出现峰值;保护酶活性、脯氨酸含量在-20℃出现峰值;可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量峰值出现在-15℃;运用隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评价,得出4种砧木‘绿岭’核桃抗寒顺序为"加州黑""核桃""中宁强""中宁异",表明在抗寒性方面,"加州黑"是适合‘绿岭’核桃的砧木。     

茄子砧木嫁接对樱桃番茄生长势、果实品质与萼片形态的影响

以樱桃番茄"千禧"作为接穗,茄子砧木"立新1号"和番茄砧木"乾德抗Ty"作为砧木,"千禧"实生植株作为对照,通过茄子砧木与番茄砧木对比嫁接试验,探讨茄子砧木嫁接育种对樱桃番茄品种"千禧"生长势、果实品质和萼片性状的影响。结果表明:通过对比"千禧"实生植株,番茄砧木"乾德抗Ty"作为砧木能有效提高番茄植株质量,提升植株的光合效率和生长势,使根系更发达;茄子砧木"立新1号"作为砧木能提高果实的营养品质,增加果实硬度,使萼片变长变厚,为樱桃番茄通过茄子砧木嫁接改善果实品质提供理论依据。     

野生西瓜嫁接对大果型西瓜生长及品质的影响

以野生西瓜1号(绿籽)、野生西瓜2号(红籽)、野生西瓜3号(红籽)为砧木,‘西嫁强生’和‘超丰抗生王’为砧木对照,接穗为‘中科1号’和‘特大新抗9号’,研究野生西瓜对‘中科1号’和‘特大新抗9号’生长及品质的影响。结果表明,‘西嫁强生’砧木增产效果最显著,3个野生西瓜砧木次之,但2者之间差异不显著;3个野生西瓜的中心可溶性固形物含量较高,最高达到11.40%,品质较佳,高出‘西嫁强生’1.00%。‘西嫁强生’、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号和野生西瓜3号均可以作为大果型西瓜的优良砧木。     

嫁接对茄子根际土壤微生物和叶片硝酸还原酶的影响

以野生茄‘托鲁巴姆’ (Solanum torvum ) 为砧木, 茄子(S. m elongena) ‘西安绿茄’品种为接穗, 研究了嫁接茄根际土壤微生物生理类群和土壤水解酶活性及叶片硝酸还原酶活性的动态变化特点,分析了嫁接茄根际土壤微生物生理类群和土壤水解酶与叶片硝酸还原酶活性的关系, 探讨了嫁接提高茄子氮素转化和吸收与土壤生物活性的关系。结果表明: 嫁接茄根际土壤微生物生理类群和土壤水解酶活性均较自根茄有增加的趋势。但不同发育时期也有一定的变化。嫁接茄叶片硝酸还原酶活性随着生育均表现出逐渐增加的趋势, 且显著高于自根处理。嫁接茄的固氮菌、硝化细菌和脲酶与其叶片硝酸还原酶活性均呈显著或极显著正相关。总体上看, 嫁接显著增加了茄子根际土壤固氮菌、硝化细菌和脲酶活性, 嫁接茄株也表现出较高的硝酸还原酶活性。     

不同浓度硒处理对茄子幼苗生理特性及硒富集的影响

以茄子为试材,通过盆栽试验,将幼苗种植于不同浓度硒(0、5、10、25、50、75、100mg·kg~(-1))的土壤中,研究不同浓度硒对茄子幼苗生理特性及硒富集的影响。结果表明:随土壤硒浓度的增加,茄子幼苗的根系、茎秆、叶片和地上部分生物量及叶绿素含量呈降低的趋势,但均未表现出明显的毒害症状,说明茄子幼苗对土壤硒胁迫具有一定的耐性。随土壤硒浓度的增加,茄子幼苗的净光合速率和蒸腾速率呈先增加后降低趋势,而其胞间CO2浓度和气孔导度则呈降低趋势。茄子幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性随土壤硒浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,当土壤硒浓度为5mg·kg~(-1)时,茄子幼苗的这3种抗氧化酶活性均达到最大值。茄子幼苗的根系、茎秆硒含量随土壤硒浓度的增加均呈增加的趋势,而叶片的硒含量则呈先增加后降低的趋势(最大值出现在土壤硒浓度为50mg·kg~(-1),其值为147.26mg·kg~(-1))。这些结果说明,茄子幼苗对硒胁迫的耐性较强,且硒富集量较高。     

番茄与茄子嫁接接合部愈伤组织的RAPD分析

采用劈接法进行‘粉红番茄’的自体嫁接以及与‘早茄二号’的异种嫁接,嫁接后10~14d,从每个嫁接单株上切取与嫁接面长度一致的接合部茎段,适当切除其嫁接面周围的砧木和接穗部分,对所剩部分以及其砧木腋芽的叶片和接穗的叶片以改良CATB法进行DNA的提取。从18个能扩增出砧木和接穗DNA特征带的引物中选择6个扩增带清晰且较多的引物用于番茄自体嫁接以及番茄与茄子异种嫁接单株的RAPD分析。在番茄同种自体嫁接中,有3个引物扩增出了嫁接接合部愈伤组织的特征带。用引物SBS-K4进行DNA扩增,在嫁接接合部(GU)发现2条DNA特征带(箭头所示)…     

Screening wild Eriobotrya species as rootstocks for loquat

Summary

Six wild species of Eriobotrya were evaluated as rootstocks for domesticated loquat. Twelve-month-old seedlings of Oak leaf loquat (an Oak Leaf loquat ‘Zaozhong No. 6’ hybrid) and wild Fragrant loquat (E. fragrans Champ) had higher root-to-shoot fresh weight (FW) ratios than other wild species. When the domesticated loquat, ‘Zaozhong No. 6’, was grafted onto seedlings of six different wild loquat species, differences in compatibility were observed. Graft compatibility was lower for all combinations compared to ‘Zaozhong No. 6’ grafted onto domesticated loquat seedlings. When wild Henry loquat was used as a rootstock, delayed incompatibility was observed. Differences in soluble sugar contents (SSC) between scion and rootstock were observed, and there was a significant negative correlation between graft compatibility and the difference in SSC values. The influence of the rootstock on anatomical changes at the graft union were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Wild rootstocks also influenced scion growth, fruit bearing, and fruit quality. Graft combinations which used wild Fragrant loquat as the rootstock had increased cold tolerance and improved scion growth. Wild Fragrant loquat therefore appears to have value as a rootstock for domesticated loquat.     

Determination of Graft Compatibility of Pear Cultivars Grafted on Different Rootstocks by Carbohydrate Analyses

In modern pear cultivation, clonal quince and pear rootstocks are preferred because they are easy to maintain and harvest. Also, they form dwarf plants and improve fruit quality compared to pear seedling rootstocks. However, graft incompatibility can be involved between different species or genera. The aim of the study was to determine the graft compatibility of the ‘Deveci’ and ‘Williams’ pear cultivars with different pear and quince rootstocks by carbohydrate analysis. Carbohydrate accumulation in the graft union was also observed with iodized potassium iodide (KI) staining. In terms of rootstocks, there were no differences in starch and carbohydrate content, but statistically differences were found in sugar contents. Significant differences were also found between cultivars and graft union in terms of the examined traits. Sugar content was highest in OHxF 333 and lowest in seedling rootstocks. There were no statistical differences in the starch content between the graft unions of the ‘Deveci’ cultivar, while starch accumulation was higher above the graft union than below and graft union in the ‘Williams’ cultivar grafted on the quince rootstock. In the study, it was determined that there were higher carbohydrate accumulation in the scion and graft union than below the graft union in ‘Williams’ grafted quince rootstocks, which was also confirmed by staining with KI. As a result of the study, it was concluded that carbohydrate accumulation analysis can be used to determine the graft compatibility of the pear cultivars with the different quince and pear rootstocks.

     

不同基因型结球甘蓝富硒能力比较

不同作物种类和品种对硒的富集能力有很大差异.为明确不同基因型的结球甘蓝对硒富集能力的差异,筛选富硒能力强的结球甘蓝品种,本试验以长江中下游甘蓝主产区的18个结球甘蓝主推品种为试材,叶面喷施0、300、600 mL·(667 m2)-1生物有机硒,比较不同基因型结球甘蓝的富硒能力.结果表明:与不施硒的对照相比,喷施生物有...     

Influence of rootstock on orchard productivity and fruit quality in peach cv. ‘Redhaven’

Summary

We have evaluated the influence of four different peach rootstocks (Prunus pumila,‘GF 655/2’ ,‘Missour’ and ‘GF 677’ as a standard) planted in medium-heavy to heavy soil on phenological events (flowering and harvest date), growth, yield, fruit quality and mortality of peach (P. persica L.) scions of cv. ‘Redhaven’. At the end of flowering, there were no significant differences between the different rootstocks in the years 1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004. In 2001, trees grafted on P. pumila reached the end of flowering 2 d before trees grafted on the other rootstocks. ‘Redhaven’ fruits ripened on the same day on trees grafted on the different rootstocks. The differences were only between years. The results showed that significantly less vigorous trees, according to their trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) and canopy volume, with the lowest yield, were observed on P. pumila rootstock. The rootstock P. pumila had a significant negative influence on fruit dimensions and mortality was 50%. Trees grafted on ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock produced significantly lower yields than those grafted on ‘GF 677’ or ‘Missour’ rootstocks. Only the ‘GF 655/2’ rootstock had root suckers. Trees grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock were significantly more vigorous than on the other rootstocks, and produced the highest yield with good fruit quality. The final canopy volumes of peach trees grafted on the different rootstocks were very different. The most vigorous trees were those grafted on ‘GF 677’ rootstock, where the final tree volume was 12.8 m³. Trees grafted on P. pumila and ‘GF 655/2’ had significantly lower TCSA values than on the other rootstocks.     

不同柑橘砧木对锦橙果实品质的影响

 2006—2008年连续3年研究11种砧木对铜水72-1锦橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：不同砧木对果实颜色和内在品质均有影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实亮度最好,黄色度值最高,果实最大,果皮最薄;以路比枳为砧的果实红色度值和固酸比（TSS/TA）最高,果皮最厚;以沃尔卡姆为砧的亮度最差,黄色度值、单果质量和可食率最低,中心柱最小;以C35枳橙为砧的中心柱最大且维生素C含量最低;以光皮酸橙为砧的果实红色度最低而可食率最高;以里其16-6枳为砧的果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高;以孙楚沙橘为砧的果实可滴定酸（TA）和维生素C含量最高,而TSS/TA最低;果实TSS和TA最低的砧木为枸头橙。品质综合评价,性状表现较好的为孙楚沙橘、卡里佐枳橙和C35枳橙,而表现较差的为兰普莱檬和沃尔卡姆柠檬。     

不同砧木对黄瓜产量、品质及南方根结线虫防治效果的影响

以7个南瓜砧木为试材,研究了砧木嫁接对黄瓜产量、品质和南方根结线虫防治效果的影响。结果表明：采用南瓜砧木嫁接,黄瓜春季增产4.1%～10.7%,秋季增产15.0%～104.2%,其中新动力嫁接的黄瓜产量最高,其次是黄砧3号。砧木嫁接对黄瓜果实中的可溶性蛋白含量没有显著影响|不同砧木品种和不同接穗品种嫁接黄瓜果实中可溶性糖、VC和硝酸盐含量比自根黄瓜有的增加,有的减少。砧木嫁接对黄瓜南方根结线虫具有较好的防治效果,春季为67.8%～79.7%,秋季12.7%～44.7%。综合来看,采用南瓜砧木新动力和黄砧3号嫁接的黄瓜,其产量较高,品质较好,对南方根结线虫的防治效果较好。     

The relative effects of rootstocks and calcium sprays on the appearance of internal breakdown and superficial scald of ‘Red Delicious’ apples during storage

The 2-year investigation involved storing fruit samples from each tree in a trial of 8 rootstocks with the locally selected ‘Lalla Red Delicious’ to see how the storage characteristics were modified by rootstock and/or calcium sprays.The 6 spray applications of calcium made a significant reduction in the incidence of internal breakdown in both years, although the magnitude of the response varied from rootstock to rootstock in 1976. There were no significant rootstock effects in 1975, and in 1976 they were eliminated where calcium sprays were used. In the absence of calcium sprays in 1976, apples from ‘M. 16’ produced significantly more internal breakdown than those from any of the other stocks, with ‘MM. 107’ producing the second highest level. At the other end of the scale, apples from ‘MM. 110’ had the lowest incidence, closely followed by ‘M. 1.’ The remaining 4 stocks (‘11 immune’, ‘M.13’, ‘M.25’ and ‘Seedling’) gave intermediate readings and were not significantly different from each other.The calcium spray treatments also significantly reduced the incidence of superficial scald with all rootstocks. The main rootstock effect observed was that apples from ‘MM. 110’ and ‘M. 1’ had significantly less scald than from 5 of the other 6 rootstocks.     

茄子品种对西花蓟马发育历期及存活率的影响

室内研究了23个茄子品种和2个砧木对西花蓟马发育及存活的影响。结果表明,西花蓟马在以上材料上均能完成发育|西花蓟马的发育历期和存活率不存在相关性|发育历期和存活率在不同茄子品种和砧木上存在显著性差异|西花蓟马发育历期在新研黑彪马早长茄和L2吉杂黑霜长茄上较长,分别为336.88 h和310.57 h,且存活率较低,分别为34.88%和34.78%|在梨研5号绿茄上的存活率最低,仅为25.93%。     

柑橘4种砧木幼苗对铜过量胁迫的生理响应与耐受性差异

为探究不同柑橘砧木的铜过量胁迫耐性差异，分析砧木铜过量胁迫的生理响应，试验选用4种常用的柑橘砧木枳、资阳香橙、红橘和沙田柚180 d实生苗为材料，用1.5（对照）、7.5、37.5、187.5和937.5 μmol • L-1的CuSO4溶液进行处理。结果显示，高浓度CuSO4处理导致叶绿素含量和光合能力下降，叶片细胞相对电导率和MDA含量值显著上升；SOD、POD酶活性上升；高浓度下，砧木对K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和Zn营养元素的吸收和转运下降。高CuSO4处理导致砧木叶片黄化脱落，根系褐变短小，生长受阻，严重时死亡。不同砧木对CuSO4过量胁迫耐受性差异明显，枳最先出现新叶失绿、老叶落叶、生长量下降和光合等生理指标下降，随后依次为沙田柚、红橘和资阳香橙。主成分分析和隶属函数综合分析显示，资阳香橙对铜过量胁迫耐性最强，红橘其次，沙田柚再次，枳对铜过量胁迫最敏感。     

Influence of rootstocks on the leaf nutrient composition of two scion cultivars of mandarin

The influence of various rootstocks on the leaf nutrient composition of mandarin cultivars ‘Coorg’ and ‘Kinnow’ was studied in a rootstock trial at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta. Differences due to rootstocks in the leaf nutrient composition with respect to N, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Mn were significant. Leaf N content was higher on the rootstocks ‘Trifoliate’ orange and ‘Carrizo’ and ‘Troyer’ citranges. ‘Trifoliate’ orange, in addition to being more efficient in absorbing N, also resulted in much lower leaf Na content than the others. Rootstocks ‘Rough Lemon’, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Kodakithuli’ were more efficient in absorbing cations Ca, Mg and K. The citrange rootstocks ‘Carrizo’ and ‘Troyer’ resulted in a very low content of leaf Mn, indicating that these may be particularly suitable in high-Mn and highly acidic soils.Significant differences in the leaf nutrient composition with respect to all the nutrients excepting N, P and Cu were observed between the 2 scion cultivars. ‘Kinnow’ mandarin appeared to have a much lower requirement both for Zn and Fe, which makes it more suitable on soils with a high pH.