北京地区李属树木上一种新的心材腐朽病原菌

本文报道了北京地区李属树木上一种新的心材腐朽病害,其病原菌为王氏薄孔菌(Antrodia wangii Y.C.Dai&H.S.Yuan),该菌主要引起李属树木心材褐色腐朽.根据野外调查对这种新病害的症状进行了报道,并根据实地采样对这种新的病原菌进行了详细描述.对该病原菌进行了分离培养,并对培养性状进行了描述.     

青海西北部沙棘立木腐朽病初报

笔者在我国青海西北部采集沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides心材腐朽病的病原菌子实体,经对样品的分子序列进行系统发育分析,确认该地区沙棘腐朽病的病原菌为鼠李嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia rhamnoides。该菌过去作为分类学种类仅在我国河北有报道,且未说明该菌是否为病原菌。本文中首次报道鼠李嗜蓝孢孔菌在我国青海西北部造成心材白色腐朽,该病主要发生在沙棘成熟林分内,病原菌通过沙棘伤口侵染,最后风折导致沙棘死亡。     

浙江天目山两种新的阔叶树心材腐朽病

本文报道了浙江天目山自然保护区阔叶树上的两种新的心材腐朽病害,其病原菌分别为变孢绚孔菌(Laetiporus versisporus (Lloyd) Imazeki)和白蜡多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia fraxinea (Bull.:Fr) Ryvarden).根据野外调查对这两种新病害的症状进行了报道,并根据实地采样对这两种新的病原菌进行了详细描述.     

中国木腐菌两新记录种

粗孢林氏孔菌Lindtneria trachyspora(Bourdot&Galzin)P ilát和乳白粗糙革孔菌Trechispora nivea(Pers.)K.H.Larss.首次报道于我国的青海省和陕西省,为中国新记录种。这两种木材腐朽菌均生长在阔叶树腐朽木上,造成木材白色腐朽。本文根据中国采集的标本材料对它们进行了详细的描述。     

中国阔叶树干基腐朽两种新病原菌

报道了云南省西双版纳热带雨林地区阔叶树上和四川成都肉桂活树上的两种新的干基腐朽病害,其病原菌为角壳多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia martius(Berk.) Ryvarden)和似雪拟层孔菌(Fomitopsis nivosa(Berk.) Gilb. & Ryvarden).根据所采集的材料对其进行了详细的形态描述并对病害的症状、分布等进行了讨论.     

中国东北杨树上的木腐菌

本文是中国东北地区木腐菌研究结果的一部分,简要论述了中国东北地区杨树上的木材腐朽菌,共报道了生长在杨树或杨树木材及腐木上的担子菌121种。其中多数生长在杨树倒木或朽木上,大多数造成白色腐朽,少数导致褐色腐朽。硬粗毛孔菌Funaliatrogii(Berk.)Bondartsev＆Singer和浅黄褐栓菌Trametesochracea(Pers.)Gilb.＆Ryvarden等为人工林及行道树上常见种类;中国锐孔菌OxyporussinensisX.L.Zeng和瓦尼木层孔菌PhellinusvaniniiLjub.等种类只发生在杨树原始林或保存完好的天然林分,它们当中有的为稀有种或濒危种类。杨纤孔菌Inonotusrheades(Pers.)Bondartsev＆Singer和大孔薄孔菌AntrodialeucaenaY.C.Dai＆Niemel 等是杨树上特有种类;杨木层孔菌Phellinustremulae(Bondartsev)Bondartsev＆Borisov和树舌灵芝Ganodermalipsiense(Batsch)G.F.Atk等为杨树上的病原菌。     

中国纤孔菌属两新记录种

本文报道了中国纤孔菌属两个新记录种,分别为芮克纤孔菌Inonotus rickii(Pat.)D.A.Reid和杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans(Pat.)Bondartsev & Singer.芮克纤孔菌采于海南省保亭县热带植物园,生长在橡胶树上,杨生纤孔菌Inonotus plorans发现于中国西北地区的新疆,生长在杨树上,本文根据中国的材料对这两个种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图.     

山楂根基腐朽病初报

本文报道了辽宁省沈阳市北陵公园山楂树上一种根基腐朽病 ,其病原菌为茶子褶卧孔菌Phyl loporiaribis(Schumach .Fr .)Ryvar den。该病的主要特征是在受害树的干基形成黄褐色的大型子实体 ,造成根基白色腐朽。受害树容易风折 ,后期全株死亡。文中对该病的病原菌的宏观特征及显微结构进行了详细描述     

中国东北杨树上两种新多孔菌

本文报道了两种生于杨树上的多孔菌,杨生薄孔菌(AntrodialeucaenaY.C.Dai&Niemel )和西伯利亚毡被孔菌(Spongipellissibirica(Penzina&Ryvarden)Penzina&Kotir.)。根据所采集标本对其进行了详细描述。杨生薄孔菌的主要特征为子实体平伏反转,二系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子圆柱形,造成杨树木材褐色腐朽。杨生薄孔菌目前只发现在中国东北,该种与垫状薄孔菌(Antrodiapulvinascens(Pilat)Niemel )和大孔薄孔菌Antrodiamacra(Sommerf.)Niemel 较类似,但垫状薄孔菌的担子果不形成真正的菌盖,其担孢子为椭圆形,菌丝组织中无结晶体存在。大孔薄孔菌也生长在杨树上,但该种只形成平伏的子实体,其孔口和担孢子均比杨生薄孔菌大。西伯利亚毡被孔菌目前只发现在中国东北和俄罗斯的西伯利亚地区,其主要特征为子实体盖状、白色、肉质,单系菌丝系统,生殖菌丝具锁状联合,担孢子椭圆形至近圆形,通常生长在杨树活立木上,造成木材白色腐朽。该种与同属的松软毡被孔菌Spongipellisspumea(Sower by:Fr.)Pat.很接近,但后者的孔口为圆形且完整,其担孢子比西伯利亚毡被孔菌的大。     

山楂根基腐朽病初报

本文报道了辽宁省沈阳市北陵公园山楂树上一种根基腐朽病，其病原菌为茶Biao子褶卧孔菌Phylloporia ribis(Schumach.Fr.)Ryvarden。该病的主要特征是在受害树的干基形成黄褐色的大型子实体，造成根基白色腐朽。受害树容易风折，后期全株死亡。文中对该病的病原菌的宏观特征及显微结构进行了详细描述。     

Polypores on Spruce in Northeast China

Poroid species of wood-inhabiting fungi growing on spruce (Picea koraiensis Nakai or Picea yezoensis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Carriere) in Northeast China were investigated during 1993-2002, and 71 species were recorded from these trees or their wood. Skeletocutis lilacina A. David & Jean Keller and Skeletocutis papyracea A. David are new to China. Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.:Fr.) P. Karst., Onnia leporina (Fr.) H. Jahn, Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, Phaeolus sckweinitzii (Fr.:Fr.) Pat., Phellinidium sulphurascens (Pilat) Y.C. Dai and Phellinus yamanoi (Imazeki) Parmasto are the pathogens on the two trees. Among the 71 species 18 species (ca. 25% of all species) are considered as rare species, 34 species (48% of all species) are the occasional species, and 19 species (27% of all species) are the common species.     

中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌

简要论述了中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌,共报道危害活立木的木腐菌４９种,对每个种的寄主、腐朽类型及分布进行了报道,它们中多数造成白色腐朽,少数导致褐色腐朽,其中在我国首次报道为森林病原菌的种类有：白黄小薄孔菌Ａｎｔｒｏｄｉｅｌｌａ ａｌｂｏｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｅａ,奥氏蜜环菌Ａｒｍｉｌｌａｒｉａ ａｓｔｏｙａｅ,亚黑管孔菌Ｂｊｅｒｋａｎｄｅｒａ ｆｕｍｏｓａ,硬栓孔菌Ｆｕｎａｌｉａ ｔｒａｇｉｉ,小孔异担     

四川栲树心材腐朽病研究

根据野外调查，四川青城山和峨嵋山地区栲树心材腐朽病的病原菌为淡黄木层孔菌(Phellinus gilvus(Schwein:Fr.)Pat.)，造成心材白色腐朽，最终导致受害树木枯死或风折。本文对此病害的症状进行了报道，并对采集的病原菌标本材料作了详细描述．对该菌的种内分化进行了探讨。     

中国海南台湾相思树干基腐朽病

海南省台湾相思树(Acacia confusa Merr．)干基腐朽病为中国一种新的林业病害，其病原菌为热带灵芝(Ganoderma tropicum(Jungh．)Bres．)和粗柄假芝(Amauroderma elmerianum Murrill．)本研究根据野外调查对此新病害的症状进行了报道，并根据实地采样对这两种新的病原菌进行了详细描述。     

First report of the brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius,its distribution and newly recorded host plants in the Amami Islands,southern Japan

To determine whether the brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius is present in the Amami islands, which are situated near Okinawa, we conducted six field surveys from 1999 to 2005. The brown root rot disease was found in 22 tree species in 17 plant families at 25 different sites in all the islands surveyed. Sixteen of these species were newly recorded as host plants of P. noxius. The disease was more common in the low elevation plains and on hills less than 100 m above sea level than in mountainous areas. This is the first report of the brown root rot disease caused by P. noxius in the Amami Islands, Japan, and Ohshima Island is currently the northern‐most distribution point of the disease in the northern hemisphere.     

First report of trunk rot caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fomitiporia torreyae</Emphasis> in Kyoto prefecture on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’

Trunk rot, caused by Fomitiporia torreyae, is one of the most economically important sap rot diseases on Cryptomeria japonica, especially on a cutting cultivar ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This disease had been reported only from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures in Japan; however, a similar trunk rot on Japanese cedars was found recently in Kyoto prefecture. We identified the causal agent of the trunk rot on Japanese cedars in Kyoto prefecture, clarified the genotype of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ (sensu stricto) using microsatellite markers, and then investigated the relatedness of these infected cedars with ‘Sanbu-sugi’. The pathogen was identified as F. torreyae by its DNA sequences and morphological characteristics of the fruiting body. The 25 ramets of ‘Sanbu-sugi’ had only one genotype based on eight microsatellite loci. Infected Japanese cedars in Kyoto were comprised of different genotypes and showed no close relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This is the first report of trunk rot caused by F. torreyae on cultivars of Japanese cedar with no relatedness to ‘Sanbu-sugi’ outside of Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures and showed the potential for expansion of this disease to Japanese cedar plantations in other areas.     

中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌(Ⅰ)

本文首次系统报道了生长在中国原木、建筑物(包括房屋、桥梁、涵洞、栅栏等木质结构材)、坑木、枕木、矿柱、电杆、薪材等上的腐朽菌107种.其中24种引起木材褐色腐朽,83种引起白色腐朽.褐色腐朽的种类主要发生在针叶树木材上,白色腐朽的种类在针叶树和阔叶树木材上都常见.在针叶树原木上常见的木材腐朽菌有黄薄孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、深褐褶菌、硫磺绚孔菌、冷杉附毛孔菌.在阔叶树原木上常见的有紫褐多孢孔菌、黑管孔菌、一色齿毛菌、红贝俄氏孔菌、硬毛粗毛盖孔菌、皮生锐孔菌、淡黄木层孔菌、鲜红密孔菌、淡黄裂孔菌、毛栓孔菌、锗栓孔菌和云芝栓孔菌等.这些种类来自作者长期的采集、记载和鉴定,全部标本保存在中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所生物标本馆.     

Brown root rot of trees caused by Phellinus noxius in the Ryukyu Islands,subtropical areas of Japan

The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was first found on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, the disease has been reported on several islands in Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, and it has been causing serious problems to shade, windbreak, ornamental and landscape trees in the Ryukyu Islands, located in the subtropical region of southern Japan. Here, we report on the current status of P. noxius‐caused brown root rot in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including symptoms, occurrence, dispersal, distribution and host tree species of the disease, pathogenicity and/or virulence of the pathogen, and disease management based on our surveys and previously published reports from Japan. Brown root rot has been confirmed in 53 tree species from 32 plant families at different sites on 10 of the 12 islands surveyed. Among the 53 tree species, 34 were first recorded in Japan as host plants of P. noxius. The disease occurs mainly in shade, ornamental and windbreak trees at sightseeing places, parks, roadsides, agricultural land such as sugar cane fields, and around residences or other places associated with human activities.