磷肥和钾肥配合施用对甘草有效成分的影响

为寻求能够提高甘草品质的最佳磷、钾配比,研究磷、钾肥不同配比对甘草有效成分的影响,以采自内蒙古自治区赤峰市翁牛特旗乌拉尔甘草为试验材料,采用全正交设计进行田间试验,施加不同配比的肥料后,采用HPLC测定2a生甘草中药典规定有效成分甘草苷、甘草酸、芹糖基甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素的含量。试验结果表明,施用P2O5600kg/hm2、K_2O 100kg/hm2(处理14),或每公顷单施P2O5400kg(处理9)处理甘草中5种活性成分的含量均显著提高,其中药典规定成分甘草苷含量在2个处理中分别比不施肥组提高了80.29%、74.45%,甘草酸含量增加了38.61%、34.60%;提高甘草品质较好的磷、钾肥配施组合为施用P2O5600kg/hm2、K_2O 100kg/hm2,或单施P2O5400kg/hm2。     

梁外甘草半野生化栽培及采挖

我国是世界三大主流甘草药材商品的重要生产国家,也是目前唯一的甘草出口国。内蒙古杭锦旗甘草的开发与利用有着悠久的历史,是中国东汉（公元25～220年）以来公认的优质甘草产地。本文就梁外甘草半野生化栽培、合理采挖技术作探讨。     

基于多元素含量的统计学方法鉴别我国不同产地核桃

[目的]对我国不同产地核桃进行鉴别,为核桃的原产地保护提供一定的基础数据和理论依据。[方法]应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定全国8个核桃主产省128份核桃样品中35种元素含量,结合单因素方差分析、主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA),建立判别模型,对核桃产地进行鉴别。[结果]表明:核桃中主要微量营养元素为Fe、Zn、Cu和Ni等,重金属(Pb、Cd和As)及稀土元素含量较低;单因素方差分析结果表明,不同地区核桃样品中元素组成差异显著(P0.05);主成分分析表明,不同地区核桃样品中的特征元素为稀土元素以及Co、Fe、Rb、Zn、Tl、Cu、Cd、Ba、Sm、Sc、Mo和Ti等元素;应用线性判别分析建立了不同产地核桃判别模型,8个省份核桃整体判别正确率为99.2%,同时,应用线性判别分析建立了核桃地理标志产品与非地理标志产品判别模型,6种核桃地理标志与非地理标志产品整体判别正确率为95.7%。[结论]通过测定核桃中多种元素含量,结合主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)等方法,可对不同产地核桃进行鉴别。     

不同产地杜仲雄花茶品质评价

通过对杜仲雄花茶的感官评定,以及多糖、总黄酮、桃叶珊瑚苷、绿原酸、京尼平苷含量等进行测定,评价了不同产地杜仲雄花茶品质。结果发现:对于多糖含量、总黄酮含量以及3种活性成分含量而言,陕西产地的杜仲雄花茶品质最佳,贵州产地雄花茶品质最差;南方产地杜仲雄花感官品质明显高于北方产地,北方产地杜仲雄花多糖含量明显高于南方产地。可为杜仲雄花茶的栽培区域的选择提供依据,为广大消费者提供参考价值。     

HPLC测定不同产地金银花绿原酸和木犀草苷含量的研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了6个不同产地金银花(Lonicera japonica)绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量。结果表明:不同产地的金银花绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量分别在4.65%~5.89%和0.129%~0.317%范围内,均符合中国药典规定,其中,山东平邑县金银花绿原酸和木犀草苷的含量明显高于其它产地。本结果可为金银花的质量控制与引种栽培提供参考依据。     

河西沙区甘草资源的保护与发展

通过对河西沙区甘草资源现状和甘草在荒漠地区作用的评价，论述了河西地区保护甘草资源的紧迫性和必要性，并提出了具体保护措施及合理开发利用和保护甘草资源的途径、河西地区发展人工栽培甘草的优势及可行性     

不同产地云南红豆杉紫杉醇的含量分析

本文用高效液相色谱仪分析了不同产地云南红豆杉树皮和鲜叶中的紫杉醇含量。云南红豆杉树皮中紫杉醇平均含量为０．００８１１％，含量与树木雌雄无关。在某个生长阶段中，紫杉醇含量随树木生长年龄增大而增加。靠近滇中地区云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量较滇西地区的为高，树皮中紫杉醇含量与鲜叶接近。     

不同产地云南红豆杉紫杉醇的含量分析

本文用高效液相色谱仪分析了不同产地云南红豆杉树皮和鲜叶中的紫杉醇含量。云南红豆杉树皮中紫杉醇平均含量为０．００８１１％，含量与树木雌雄无关。在某个生长阶段中，紫杉醇含量随树木生长年龄增大而增加，靠近滇中地区云南红豆杉紫杉醇含量较滇西地区的为高，树皮中紫杉醇含量与鲜叶接近。     

不同产地龙胆多糖含量的比较

测定不同产地龙胆多糖的含量，为龙胆的质量评价提供理论依据。利用超声波提取技术，采用苯酚-浓硫酸法、紫外-可见分光光度法测定左家等10个不同产地龙胆的多糖含量。各不同产地龙胆多糖含量分别为：王岗15．4834％，鸡西4．6988％，绥化4．7662％，左家6．3750％，新宾10．3737％，桓仁8．7152％，本溪6．1526％，安国8．6772％，侯马10．0964％，桃花潭24．8747％。结论：不同产地龙胆多糖的含量差异很大，其中以安徽省桃花潭地区龙胆多糖的含量最多，而黑龙江省鸡西地区的最少。     

巴旦杏在库尔勒荒山的引种试验

为解决库尔勒地区荒山绿化中树种单一且经济效益不高的情况,通过对巴旦杏产地的实地考察,分析了巴旦杏的栽培状况,探讨了巴旦杏在库尔勒地区引种栽培种存在的问题及注意事项,为相同条件地区的引种栽培提供依据。     

滇重楼种子内源激素含量与种胚长度和萌发的关系

[目的]通过研究滇重楼种子层积过程中不同阶段内源激素含量与种胚长度的动态变化情况来探讨种子休眠机理.[方法]应用酶联免疫吸附法测定不同阶段种子内激素含量.[结果]种子萌发过程中,脱落酸(ABA)含量由54.34 ng·g^-1·FW降至32.16 ng·g^-1·FW,赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)显著升高,吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量波动较大,但整体呈逐渐升高趋势,随层积时间延长,未萌发种子中ABA含量持续降低,GA含量与GA/ABA值持续升高,仍显著低于已萌动种子中激素含量(p<0.05);种子在层积42天后,种胚开始膨胀,胚率快速增加;相关性分析结果,内源激素含量及比值与种胚生长呈显著相关(p<0.05),其中,GA/ABA值对种胚生长的影响最大.[结论]种子萌发过程中仅ABA含量降低不足以解除滇重楼种子休眠,同期GA含量升高和GA/ABA值达到某一阈值时能有效的解除滇重楼种子的休眠和促进胚的发育;种子在层积40天左右后,由于各项激素的综合作用,滇重楼种子由休眠状态逐步转变为破除休眠状态和萌发状态.     

Nutrient element contents of cutting seedlings of hybrid species （ Liriodendron chinense x tulipifera）

The cutting seedlings ofLiriodendron chinense xtulipifera were treated with the different concentrations of auxin (treatment₁: IBA of 50 g·kg⁻¹+NAA of 300 g·kg⁻¹; treatment₂; IBA of 100 g·kg⁻¹+NAA of 300 g·kg⁻¹). The biomass nutrient element contents for different organs (root, stem, leaf) of cutting seedling ofLiriodendron chinense xtulipifera were measured by the dry method, Kjeldahl method and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method. The result showed that the biomass of root, stem, and leaf of the cutting seedling treated with auxin was all remarkably increased. The contents of element C in root, stem and leaf had no significant difference between the control and auxin treatments, while the contents of N, P, K and Ca in stem were much lower than that in leaf and root. Variance analysis showed that for the same organ with different concentration treatment of auxin, the four nutrient elements (N, P, K, and Ca) had no significant difference in contents, while there existed significant or very significant difference in contents of the four nutrient elements in different organs with the same concentration auxin treatment. The N, P, K and Ca contents were very low in cutting seedlings; as a result, additional fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings when they were planted in the field. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Jiangsu Province Science Foundation (BE96350). Biography: ZHANG Xiao-ping, (1972-), female, Ph. Doctor in Nanjing Forestry University. Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Living characteristics of rare and endangered species —Davidia involucrata

Dovetree (Davidia involucrate), one of the first-class protective plants in China, is a relic species of paleotropical kingdom in Tertiary period, belonging toDavidiaceae with a single genus. In recent years, the increase of regional developing projects has led to a sharp decrease of this ancient and rare plant in naturally distributed habitats and natural population. In this paper, the biological and ecological characteristics of Dovetree were described, and the geographically distributed condition of this species in different geologic periods as well as the major reasons for dynamic changes of its population were systematically analyzed in accordance with field researches and references. The investigations conducted in different years by setting up standard sample plots showed that the population number of Dovetree increased yearly in the areas without human interference but decreased yearly in the areas with human interference. With the increase of population density and human activities decreased as the logarithmic curve:Y=−100.7ln(x)+178.09, and it has turned from a dominant population into an endangered population. Based on the former and present studies on Dovetree, some protection strategies were put foreword for protecting this ancient and rare species. Foundation Item: This research was coordinated by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39970591) Biography: Wu Gang (1965-), Male, Professor in Key Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Effect of water stress on N2O emission rate of 5 tree species

The N₂O emission rates, photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal conductance of the dominant tree species from broadleaf/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain were measured by simulated water stress with the closed bag-gas chromatography. A total of five species seedlings were involved in this study, i.e.,Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc,Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr,Juglans mandshurica Maxim,Tilia amurensis Rupr, andQuercus mongolica Fisch. ex Turcz.. The results showed that the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and N₂O emission of leaves were significantly reduced under the water stress. The stoma in the leaves of trees is the main pathway of N₂O emission. N₂O emission in the trees mainly occurred during daytime. N₂O emission rates were different in various tree specie seedlings at the same water status. In the same tree species, N₂O emission rates decreased as the reduction of soil water contents. At different soil water contents (MW, LW) the N₂O emission rates ofPinus koraiensis decreased by 34.43% and 100.6% of those in normal water condition, respectively. In broadleaf arbor decreased by 31.93% and 86.35%, respectively. Under different water stresses N₂O emission rates in five tree species such asPinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, andQuercus mongolica were 38.22, 14.44, 33.02, 16.48 and 32.33 ngN₂O·g⁻¹DW·h⁻¹, respectively. Foundation item: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-10), and the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043407) Biography: Wang Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Dynamic of China’s cultivated land and landcover changes of its typical regions based on remote sensing data

Using the multi-temporal Landsat data and survey data of national resources, the authors studied the dynamics of cultivated land and landcover changes of typical ecological regions in China. The results of investigation showed that the whole distribution of the cultivated land shifted to Northeast and Northwest China, and as a result, the ecological quality of cultivated land dropped down. The seacoast and cultivated land in the area of Yellow River Mouth expanded by an increasing rate of 0.73 km·a⁻¹, with a depositing rate of 2.1 km·a⁻¹. The desertification area of the dynamic of Horqin Sandy Land increased from 60.02% of the total land area in 1970s to 64.82% in 1980s but decreased to 54.90% in early 1990s. As to the change of North Tibet lakes, the water area of the Namu Lake decreased by 38.58 km² from year 1970 to 1988, with a decreasing rate of 2.14 km²·a⁻¹. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39900084) and KZCX1-10-07. Biography: ZHANG Jia-hua (1966-), male, Ph. Doctor, Associate professor in START, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

泥炭、风化煤改良风沙土促进樟子松幼苗生长的研究

利用盆栽试验,研究施入不同比例的泥炭、风化煤对风沙土的改良作用及其促进樟子松幼苗生长的效果,并初步分析了两种有机物料的作用机理。试验结果表明,泥炭和风化煤都显著地改良了风沙土的理化性质,随着施入量的增加,两者对风沙土的影响都表现出土壤pH值下降、持水量增加、养分含量提高,且泥炭的效果普遍比风化煤的效果要好;两者均促进了樟子松幼苗生长。不同含量的泥炭对促进樟子松幼苗生长(苗高、地径、根长、生物量)的效果表现为8%>10%>5%>2%>0。不同含量的风化煤对高生长的影响依次是5%>8%>10%>2%>0,对地径生长的影响依次为5%>8%>2%>10%>0,对生物量的影响依次为5%>2%>8%>10%>0。总的来看,泥炭的效果比风化煤好。结合樟子松在沙地中的生长特性,推断泥炭和风化煤中含有微量抑制樟子松生长的物质,并提出8%的泥炭与风沙土之比是促进沙地樟子松幼苗生长的最佳配比。     

Effect of planting density on plant growth and camptothecin content of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

C. acuminata seedlings cultivated in greenhouse were transplanted into the fields with 5 designed planting densities (11, 16, 25, 44 and 100 plants·m⁻²) in May of 2004 and were harvested in the middle of September of 2004. The seedling growth indexes including plant height and crown width, biomass allocation, camptothecin (CPT) content and CPT yield of different organs (young leaf, old leaf, stem, and root) were studied. For the 5 selected planting densities, the plant biomass, height, crown width, and total leaf area ofC. acuminata seedlings all showed highest values at the planting density of 25 plants·m⁻². CPT content in young leaves was higher than that in other organs of seedlings and presented an obvious change with the variation of planting densities and with the highest value at density of 100 plants·m⁻², while for other organs no significant variation in CPT content was found with change of planting density. The accumulation of CPT was enhanced significantly at the planting density of 25 plants·m⁻². It is concluded that for the purpose to get raw materials with more CPT fromC. acuminata, the optimal planting density ofC. acuminata seedlings should be designed as 25 plants·m⁻². Foundation item: This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3970086) and Heilongjiang Province Foundation for Distinguished Youth Scholars (JC-02-11) Biography: Wei Huan-yong (1978-), male, Graduate in College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

The experiments of seed germinating of Dioscorea nippnica Mak

Dioscorea nippnica Mak is an important traditional Chinese medicinal material with significant economic value. Seeds ofDioscorea nippnica Mak were collected from three forest areas. Germination experiment was carried out with three mediums. Experimental results showed that the species had lower percentage of germination on all mediums. The limiting factors for germination were analyzed. Biography: L{upi} Jing-hua (1969-), male, assistant. Jilin Military Medical College of The Fourth Military Medical University, Jilin 132013, P.R. China Responsible editor: Song Funan     

闽北闽粤栲天然林主要树种幼树器官碳氮磷化学计量特征分析

[目的]选取4种主要优势树种幼树为研究对象,分析其不同器官中C、N、P的生态化学计量特征,为闽粤栲天然林的更新与保护提供理论参考。[方法]应用碳氮分析仪与HNO3-HCl O4消煮法分别测定幼树的干、根、枝、叶中的C、N、P含量的质量分数,在不同器官C、N、P含量差异分析的基础上,通过化学计量比变化的对比分析研究幼树不同器官的C、N、P化学计量特征。[结果]闽北闽粤栲天然林主要优势树种幼树叶片中各元素的含量均高于其他器官,而根与干中的营养元素含量较低;不同器官的C∶P远高于C∶N与N∶P,其中,N∶P最小且因树种不同而有所变化,不同器官的C、N、P含量及化学计量特征均差异极显著。[结论]闽北闽粤栲天然林主要优势树种不同器官对C、N、P的选择与吸收存在差异,其叶片C含量最高且高于全球尺度和全国尺度,但N、P含量较低;幼树不同器官的C∶N、C∶P高于平均水平,而N∶P16;闽粤栲天然林主要优势树种幼树对养分的利用效率与生长速率均较低,幼树的生长更新主要受N、P元素含量的影响,并可能受到P元素缺失的制约。