共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Chunxia ZHANG;Zhi DONG;Bo GAO;Jiachen PAN;Chao LIU;Chunchun AN;Qicong WU 《水土保持研究》2023,30(02):36-41,49
In order to explore the effects of plant measures on characteristics of soil erosion in slope under different rainfall patterns, the data of sediment yield and sediment yield under 16 events of erosive rainfall in 4 plots of Xiagang slope runoff field, Tai'an City, Shandong Province during 2018―2019 were analyzed. The results show that:(1)with rainfall duration, rainfall and average rainfall intensity as characteristic indexes, erosive rainfall can be divided into three categories: category A(long duration, heavy rainfall and heavy rain intensity), category B(medium duration, medium rainfall and moderate rain intensity)and category C(short duration, small rainfall and light rain intensity);(2)compared with maize planting, the decreasing flow decreased in the order: chestnut and peanut intercropping>apple tree>plum tree showed the trend under both A and B rainfall types; in terms of soil loss, compared with plum trees, the sediment reduction showed the trend of chestnut and peanut intercropping>apple tree>maize under rain pattern A; under B rainfall type, the sediment reduction rates of chestnut peanut intercropping, plum tree and apple tree were 84.2%, 31.2% and 85.1%, respectively; under the rainfall type C, the sediment reduction showed the trend of apple tree>plum tree>chestnut and peanut intercropping;(3)soil erosion was the most serious in the sloping farmland planted with maize, and the average annual soil loss was 18.04 t/hm2; in comparison, chestnut and peanut intercropping could reduce soil erosion by 79.57%, apple tree and plum tree could reduce soil erosion by 73.36% and 18.55%, respectively. In conclusion, chestnut-peanut intercropping has certain advantages compared with other plant measures, especially suitable for dealing with class A erosive rainfall with long duration, heavy rainfall and heavy rain intensity, and the effect of reducing flow and sediment is obvious. 相似文献
3.
为探讨不同雨型下的植物措施对棕壤坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响,利用k-均值聚类方法将2018—2019年山东省泰安市下港坡面径流场16次侵蚀性降雨进行分类,结合径流场产流、产沙等监测数据,分析了不同雨型对4种植被措施下坡面土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)以降雨历时、降雨量和平均雨强为特征指标,侵蚀性降雨可分为A类(长历时、大雨量、大雨强)、B类(中历时、中雨量、中雨强)和C类(短历时、小雨量、小雨强)3种雨型。(2)与种植玉米相比,A、B雨型下,减流量均呈现板栗花生间作>苹果树>李子树的趋势。在土壤流失量方面:A雨型下,与李子树相比,减沙量呈现板栗花生间作>苹果树>玉米的趋势;B雨型下,与玉米相比,板栗花生间作的减沙率为84.2%,李子树的减沙率为31.2%,苹果树的减沙率为85.1%;C雨型下,减沙量呈现苹果树>李子树>板栗花生间作的趋势。(3)种植玉米的坡耕地土壤侵蚀情况最为严重,平均每年的土壤流失量为18.04 t/hm2;与之相比,板栗花生间作可降低79.57%的土壤侵蚀率,苹果树和李子树可分别降低73.36%,18.55%的... 相似文献
4.
河沟流域土壤水分空间变化及植被分布与生物量研究 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
以河沟流域土壤含水量测定和植被调查为基础,综合分析了不同地貌与土地利用类型的土壤水分空间变化,以及植被群落、植物种分布和生物量的变化。认为:黄土残塬从塬中、塬坡、沟坡到沟底,土壤水分呈有规律的变化,从塬中到沟坡中上部,土壤含水量呈递减趋势,坡麓及沟底土壤含水量则最高,而阴坡土壤含水量明显高于阳坡;农耕地土壤含水量高于草地,林地含水量最低;植被分布和生物量,与土壤水分的空间分布有着密切的关系,基本呈正相关;植物对不同地貌部位的适应性不同,从而决定了植物分布与生长。通过综合分析,提出不同地貌部位植物的适应性评价表,为人工恢复植被的植物种选择提供参考,为流域治理和水土保持提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
元谋干热河谷辣木人工林地灌水后不同覆盖措施对土壤水分及辣木物候的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据元谋干热河谷气候特点,2010年初步研究了旱坡地辣木人工林地灌溉后地表盖草和覆膜的土壤水分及其变化状况,研究结果得出:(1)在地面覆盖物作用下,无论是沙土、沙壤土还是黏土样地,耕作层0-20cm、20-40cm土壤水分高于未覆盖样株的土壤水分,辣木生育期比未覆盖提前。总体表明,盖膜土壤水分增加最多,在0-20cm土层,2龄辣木树10d的土壤水分高于对照1.2%~4.6%,幼龄辣木树(栽植8个月)10d的土壤水分高于对照1.8%~4.7%。其次是草覆盖,在0-20cm土层,2龄辣木树10d的土壤水分高于对照2.6%~3.4%,幼龄辣木树(栽植8个月)10d的土壤水分高于对照1.8%~4.6%。土层20-40cm下土壤水分变化较小。(2)由于土壤质地差异,无论是灌水量的多少与处理的不同,沙土蒸发均高于沙壤土,而且变化较大,沙壤土变化均匀,黏土较保水。深层土壤水分总体趋势是随土壤深度增加而增加,增加幅度随之减少。 相似文献
6.
[目的] 以内蒙古S105草原公路沿线地表为研究对象,探讨挟沙风作用下干枯植被覆盖度对风沙流结构的影响,旨在为防治公路两侧土壤风蚀提供理论参考依据。[方法] 采用风洞模拟试验,在0%,20%,40%和50%覆盖度水平下测定输沙率。[结果] 在挟沙风作用下,输沙率随干枯植被覆盖度的增大而递减,最大输沙率点的高度层不断上升。覆盖度为0%时,输沙率随高度的增加呈指数函数规律降低;覆盖度为20%,40%和50%时,输沙率随高度的增加呈递减→递增→递减→趋于平缓的变化规律;在85 mm高度以下符合多项式函数关系,85 mm高度以上符合指数函数关系。随覆盖度的增大总输沙量递减,最大抗风蚀效率达65.73%。[结论] 干枯植被覆盖显著影响地表风沙流结构,可削弱挟沙风侵蚀力,是抑制公路沿线地表土壤风蚀沙化的有效措施。 相似文献
7.
采用田间小区试验,研究了稻草编织物覆盖在坡耕地红壤水土流失控制上的作用及其对玉米生长的影响。结果表明:在坡耕地红壤上,稻草编织物覆盖能有效抑制土壤侵蚀和养分流失,增加玉米产量。在种植玉米条件下,稻草编织物覆盖比无覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了38.40%和75.36%,比薄膜覆盖处理土壤的径流量和侵蚀量分别降低了15.41%和5.83%。稻草编织物覆盖侵蚀土壤流失的有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾分别占无覆盖处理流失量的12.04%,12.15%,12.11%和12.48%,薄膜覆盖处理则分别占无覆盖处理流失量的48.66%,52.55%,54.54%和53.37%。对坡耕地红壤地表径流、土壤侵蚀量和养分流失的控制作用效果为稻草编织物覆盖>薄膜覆盖>无覆盖。稻草编织物覆盖在降雨集中时期控制水土流失作用更为显著。稻草编织物覆盖和薄膜覆盖玉米产量分别比无覆盖处理增加8.05%和29.67%。 相似文献
8.
Soil erosion is a threat to the water quality constituents of sediments and nutrients and can cause long-term environmental damages. One important parameter to quantify the risk of soil loss from erosion is the crop and cover management factor (C-factor), which represents how cropping and management practices affect the rates and potential risk of soil erosion. We developed remotely sensed data-driven models for dynamic predictions of C-factor by implementing dynamic land cover modeling using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model on a watershed scale. The remotely sensed processed variables included the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by green vegetation (FPAR), leaf area index (LAI), soil available water content (AWC), slope gradient (SG), and ratio of area (AR) of every hydrologic response unit (HRU) to that of the total watershed, comprising unique land cover, soil type, and slope gradient characteristics within the Fish River catchment in Alabama, USA between 2001 and 2014. Linear regressions, spatial trend analysis, correlation matrices, forward stepwise multivariable regression (FSMR), and 2-fold cross-validation were conducted to evaluate whether there were possible associations between the C-factor and EVI with the successive addition of remotely sensed environmental factors. Based on the data analysis and modeling, we found a significant association between the C-factor and EVI with the synergy of the environmental factors FPAR, LAI, AWC, AR, and SG (predicted R2 (Rpred2) = 0.51; R2 = 0.68, n = 3 220, P < 0.15). The results showed that the developed FSMR model constituting the non-conventional factors AWC (Rpred2 = 0.32; R2 = 0.48, n = 3 220, P < 0.05) and FPAR (Rpred2= 0.13; R2 = 0.28, n = 3 220, P = 0.31) was an improved fit for the watershed C-factor. In conclusion, the union of dynamic variables related to vegetation (EVI, FPAR, and LAI), soil (AWC), and topography (AR and SG) can be utilized for spatiotemporal C-factor estimation and to monitor watershed erosion. 相似文献
9.
刘宇 《中国水土保持科学》2014,(2):92-98
以丹江口水库以上的汉江流域为例,利用植被覆盖度、坡度加权的上游有效汇流面积空间分布型式和驱动-阻力耦合空间分布拟合函数2个指标,评价水蚀流域土地覆被格局土壤保持能力,并基于研究区14个子流域水文站泥沙资料进行验证.结果表明:汉江干流沿岸河谷盆地和丹江口水库周边丘陵区子流域是研究区城镇和农田的主要分布区,植被覆盖度低,距离汉江较近,当前覆被格局土壤保持能力相对较低,是河流泥沙的主要直接来源地;有效汇流面积空间分布型式和驱动-阻力耦合空间分布拟合函数能有效反映流域泥沙输出,可作为评价流域土地覆被格局土壤保持能力的指标.该评价方法基于土地覆被格局与土壤侵蚀的作用机制,简单易行,可为评价土地覆被格局土壤保持能力、土地覆被格局变化的土壤侵蚀效应提供一种简捷的途径. 相似文献
10.
11.
M. Kaleem Abbasi Ghulam Rasool 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):221-228
Abstract Vegetative cover plays an important role for the quality of soil especially in hilly and mountainous areas such as Azad Jammu and Kashmir where erosion is a major threat to the ecosystem and productivity. The study focuses on the impact of land-use types on soil quality by measuring the differences in chemical and physical properties at three sites in adjacently located natural forest land (forest), fallow grassland (grass) and arable land (arable). Soil samples from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth were collected and examined for particle distribution, dry bulk density, organic matter (OM), pH, macro- and micro-nutrients. Land-use types had a significant effect on primary soil particle distribution. Highest clay content was found in forest and highest sand content in arable. Forest had relatively the highest levels of OM, macro- and micro-nutrients and arable the lowest. Most of the properties of the 0-15 cm surface level of grass were similar to those observed in the 15-30 cm level in forest. Arable exhibited lowest nutrient status and poorest physical conditions, indicating a degrading effect of arable cultivation practices on soil. Grass and arable showed, compared to forest, a 30–60% average increase in bulk density and 26–66% average decrease in OM. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation of OM with available phosphorus and potassium while it had negative correlation with dry bulk density and pH. Natural vegetation appeared to be a main contributor of soil quality as it maintained the organic carbon stock, and increased the nutrient status of soil and is therefore important for sustainable development of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and other similar areas. Furthermore, OM was shown to be an important indicator of soil quality. 相似文献
12.
研究土壤侵蚀—沉积对土壤微生物生物量的影响可以为科学评估土壤侵蚀的环境效应提供依据。以典型薄层黑土区——黑龙江省宾州河流域为研究区,利用土壤137Cs含量估算侵蚀速率,通过分析流域不同位置和不同坡面部位土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量以及土壤侵蚀强度的差异,揭示土壤微生物生物量对土壤侵蚀—沉积的响应规律。结果表明:流域不同位置和不同坡面部位土壤微生物生物量的分布存在明显差异,并呈现出与土壤侵蚀—沉积空间分布相反的变化趋势。土壤侵蚀速率在流域的分布为上游中游下游,在坡面的分布为坡中部坡上部坡下部;土壤微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(Microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)在流域表现为下游中游上游,在坡面表现为坡下部坡上部坡中部。回归分析表明,MBC、MBN、有机质(Organic matter,OM)和全氮(Total nitrogen,TN)含量随土壤侵蚀强度的增大而减少。土壤侵蚀对土壤微生物生物量的分布有重要影响,土壤侵蚀—沉积过程引起土壤养分的迁移和再分布是导致侵蚀区和沉积区土壤微生物生物量分布产生差异的重要原因。 相似文献
13.
退耕还林还草工程实施对洛河流域土壤侵蚀的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
退耕还林还草工程是中国实施的重要生态环境建设与保护工程,对区域植被覆盖及土壤侵蚀产生重要影响。以洛河流域(陕北黄土高原部分)为研究对象,利用流域通用土壤侵蚀方程(RUSLE),结合流域降雨、土壤类型、DEM、植被覆盖等数据,定量分析了2000—2010年退耕还林还草工程实施对流域土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)洛河流域2000—2010年耕地面积减少,林地、草地面积增加,土地利用变化主要发生在2000—2005年;(2)洛河流域2000—2010年土地利用变化导致植被NDVI平均值增大,耕地变化区域植被NDVI值增加幅度高于耕地未变化区域,表明耕地变化区域植被NDVI增加对耕地区域总体植被NDVI值增加贡献较大;(3)降雨侵蚀力和退耕还林还草工程实施对土壤侵蚀具有明显的影响。受降雨侵蚀力增大影响,2000—2010年洛河流域土壤侵蚀呈增加趋势;不考虑降雨侵蚀力变化情况下,洛河流域土壤侵蚀呈减少趋势,反映出退耕还林还草工程实施对土壤侵蚀的减缓作用。 相似文献
14.
山体土壤水分布特征及其影响因素——以东江流域为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
土壤水是流域水文及生态环境的重要因素,研究流域山体土壤水分布规律对防治土壤侵蚀、控制水土流失、恢复生态环境具有重要意义。选取广东省东江流域内具有不同覆被、地形、土壤特征的典型山体,利用TDR测定山体不同位置的土壤含水率,分析土壤水的空间分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,山体不同坡位至上而下、所覆土壤垂向由上到下土壤粘性增加,土壤持水能力增强。地形及地表覆被变化是影响东江流域土壤水分分布的重要因素,植被覆盖稀少的山坡,土壤水分分布主要取决于山坡地形变化,呈现由山体上部向下部逐渐增加,随坡度的增加而减小;有植被覆盖的山体取决于植被覆盖程度,植被覆盖程度高的山坡表层土壤含水率大。研究成果为流域水土流失治理及生态环境保护提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
15.
Concentrated flow experiments using a small hydraulic flume and a constant flow discharge and bed slope have been conducted in order to investigate the effects of rock fragment cover (Rc) on sediment yield for an initially wet and an initially air-dry loamy topsoil. The experimental results indicate that Rc reduces concentrated flow erosion rates (E) in an exponential way (i.e., E=e−bRc), which is similar to previously reported relations for other water erosion processes such as interrill erosion and sheet-rill erosion measured on runoff plots. The decay rate (b) of this exponential relationship increased throughout the experiments because of scour-hole development and bed armouring. The concentrated flow erosion rates and b-values also depend on the initial moisture content of the topsoil. Depending on Rc, mean concentrated flow erosion rates were 20% to 65% less on initially wet compared to initially air-dry topsoils. The mean value for b was 0.032 for the initially wet, but only 0.017 for the initially air-dry topsoil, indicating that a rock fragment cover is less efficient in reducing concentrated flow erosion rates when the topsoil is initially air-dry than when it is initially wet. The results help explain the data scatter in reported relationships between Rc and interrill–rill erosion rates. They also indicate that a given surface rock fragment cover will offer more protection to wet topsoils than to dry topsoils, which are very common in Mediterranean environments. Event-based water erosion models should incorporate effects of antecedent soil moisture content as well as those of Rc on concentrated flow erosion rates. 相似文献
16.
坡耕地侵蚀区和堆积区初春土壤呼吸的变化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以黄土高原侵蚀坡耕地(坡地1和坡地2)为对象,选择土壤温度和水分变化较为剧烈的初春3月,采用137Cs和210Pbex示踪技术,在确定的侵蚀和堆积区布设有根和无根2种处理,利用Li-8100土壤碳通量自动测量系统原位监测土壤呼吸,同时监测土壤温度和水分变化。与侵蚀区比较,观测期间堆积区有根和无根处理土壤CO2排放通量均有明显增加,只是这种增加有时没有达到统计上的显著水平。土壤堆积使坡地1有根和无根处理区土壤CO2排放通量分别增加了24.43%(由8.02%至44.41%)和23.95%(由6.37%至43.26%);土壤堆积使坡地2有根和无根处理区土壤CO2排放通量分别增加了44.64%(由17.33%至74.63%)和25.28%(由10.23%至39.76%)。3月份坡耕地侵蚀区和堆积区土壤呼吸随观测时间的变化与土壤温度和水分密切相关,但是,在整个观测期间侵蚀区和堆积区的土壤水分和温度没有差异,研究揭示了坡耕地土壤呼吸空间变化的土壤侵蚀驱动机理。 相似文献
17.
土壤水分是影响农业生产和生态环境的关键变量,准确获知土壤水分空间分布信息具有重要意义。宇宙射线中子法(cosmic ray neutron probe, CRNP)可以实现对田块尺度土壤水分的连续观测,但其在不同地理环境及植被覆盖类型条件下观测土壤水分的能力还需要进一步加深理解。该研究在全球范围内选择了具有代表性的16个观测站点数据,采用统一的数据处理流程和土壤水分估算方法,开展了不同植被覆盖条件下的CRNP土壤水分观测能力的系统性综合比较。结果表明,总体而言,CRNP观测对土壤水分的动态变化敏感性强,且能够明确响应降水事件。在草地覆盖条件下,除1个站点结果相对较差外,其他站点表现出了非常高的土壤水分估算精度,RMSE和ubRMSE最优达0.03 cm3/cm3,Bias最优达-0.01 cm3/cm3,R2高达0.93;对于农田和森林覆盖的站点,观测结果质量仍然较高,RMSE最优为0.05 cm3/cm3,ubRMSE最优为0.03 cm3/cm3,Bias最优为0.006 cm3/cm3,R2最优为0.88;在灌木地区,所选站点的CRNP观测效果受局地环境强烈影响,土壤水分估算精度存在较大差异。研究有助于深入了解CRNP观测土壤水分的能力和潜力,为在不同植被覆盖下应用CRNP观测捕捉田块尺度土壤水分时空变化信息提供科学依据和参考。 相似文献
18.
中国东南部红壤地区不同植被对土壤侵蚀和土壤养分的影响 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
TIAN Guang-Ming WANG Fei-Er CHEN Ying-Xu HE Yun-Feng FU Qing-Lin S. KUMAR LIN Qi 《土壤圈》2003,13(2):121-128
The effect of different vegetation systems including bamboo plantation (BP), forest ecosystem (CF), citrus orchard (Ctr) and farmland (FL) on erosion and nutrients of red soil were investigated in hilly region of southeastern China to find effective control measures for soil erosion. The results showed that all the vegetation systems could significantly reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses compared to bare land (Br). The ability of different vegetation systems to conserve soil and water was in the order of Ctr > BP > CF > FL > Br. Vegetation could also improve soil fertility. The soil organic matter, total N and total P contents were much higher in all the vegetation systems than in bare land, especially for the top soils. Vegetation systems improved soil physical properties remarkably. Compared to the bare land, soil organic matter, TP, TK and available K, especially soil microbial biomass C, N and P, increased under all the vegetation covers. However, they were still much lower than expected, thus these biological measurements are still needed to be carried out continuously. 相似文献
19.
在对子午岭地区进行全面考察的基础上,分析研究了子午岭地区区域自然环境的基本特征,指出:子午岭地区地质条件复杂,构造运动强烈、岩性疏松、地貌类型齐全、沟深坡陡、降水丰沛、降雨强度大、冲刷强烈,具备了各科侵蚀过程的发生条件。但由于地面覆盖着良好的植被,侵蚀很轻微。子午岭地区作为黄土高原植被恢复的样板表明,大力恢复黄土高原地区的植被,是黄土高原水土保持的核心和中心任务。 相似文献
20.
Cristina Martín‐Moreno Jos Francisco Martín Duque Jos Manuel Nicolau Ibarra Nstor Hernando Rodríguez Miguel ngel Sanz Santos Lzaro Snchez Castillo 《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):145-159
Mining reclamation tries to reduce environmental impacts, including accelerated runoff, erosion and sediment load in the nearby fluvial networks and their ecosystems. This study compares the effects of topography and surface soil cover on erosion on man‐made slopes coming from surface mining reclamation in Central Spain. Two topographic profiles, linear and concave, with two surface soil covers, subsoil and topsoil, were monitored for two hydrologic years. Sediment load, rill development and plant colonization from the four profiles were measured under field conditions. The results show that, in the case of this experiment, a thick and non‐compacted topsoil cover on a linear slope yielded less sediment than carbonate colluvium or topsoil cover on a concave slope. This study also shows that vegetation establishment, which plays an important role in erosion control, depends on topography. Plant cover was more widespread and more homogeneous on linear profiles with topsoil cover. On concave slopes, plant establishment was severely limited on the steepest upper part and favoured in the bottom. This study suggests that management of topography and surface soil cover should be approached systematically, taking three outcomes into consideration: (i) topsoil can lead to a successful mining reclamation regardless of topography, (ii) created concave slopes can lead to a successful mining reclamation and (iii) topography determines the vegetation colonization pattern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献