艾滋病流行对人口与社会经济的影响

艾滋病已逐渐成为当前迫切需要解决的全球性问题。艾滋病的扩散不仅影响着整个国家的社会和经济发展,而且对个人、家庭和社区均产生严重的后果。艾滋病对社会劳动力资源、人口预期寿命、社会稳定、卫生和社会体系和政府部门的工作都带来了威胁,并侵蚀经济和社会的发展成果,这表明艾滋病是一个涉及发展和人类安全的问题,必须予以高度重视。     

金秋收获了丰收的果实——写在国际人口与发展论坛闭幕之际

在大家的共同努力下,国际人口与发展论坛圆满完成了各项预定议程。与会代表围绕消除贫困、生殖健康与计划生育、艾滋病防治以及对艾滋病病人的关爱、青少年性与生殖健康、降低孕产妇死亡率和儿童死亡率、妇女赋权与社会性别问题、非政府组织的作用以及官方发展援助与伙伴关系等8个专题,认真回顾总结了开罗国际人发大会《行动纲领》和联合国“千年发展目标”的执行情况,广泛交流了国际社会特别是发展中国家在人口与发展领域取得的成就、经验和面临的挑战,深入探讨了国际社会在南南合作     

中国公民社会组织在生殖健康领域的作用

20世纪80年代后，中国公民社会组织在环保、扶贫、妇女发展、艾滋病防治等领域迅速发展，发挥了积极作用。 随着1994年开罗国际人发大会和1995年北京第四届世界妇女大会的召开，从20世纪90年代初开始，从事与生殖健康相关领域的公民社会组织（简称RH—CSO）不断发展壮大。     

生殖健康中的社会性别问题

自1994年开罗人口与发展大会以来,生殖健康概念已经深入到中国计划生育的工作之中,关注社会性别问题,保护妇女权利成为计划生育工作的一个重要问题。尽管“社会性别”的概念已经引入到计划生育工作中,但很多实际工作者仍然不清楚“社会性别”的具体含义以及如何分析生殖健康领域的社会性别问题。本文将介绍社会性别的含义以及在生殖健康领域当中从哪些角度去发现“社会性别”问题,从而为中国计划生育工作的深入开展提供一个发现问题、审视问题的角度。     

加强人口与性别研究 推进小康社会建设

本文根据彭佩云同志在由中国人民大学妇女研究中心和全国妇联妇女研究所于2009年11月28日在中国人民大学举办的人口性别发展学术论坛上的发言形成。强调了人口与性别问题在发展中的重要地位、产生根源的复杂性、以及社会后果的滞后性,希望加强各学科的密切合作,发扬学术民主,深化人口与性别问题的研究。     

认识儿童的性别

作为一个媒介与儿童、媒介与性别的研究者．我参加过许多有关妇女发展、儿童发展的研讨会。我观察到，对大多数妇女研究者来说．妇女或女性不包括女童。在讨论妇女问题的时候．我们有社会性别角度，研究了很多性别平等问题，     

就业、就业形势与就业对策——人口学视角的思考

本文从人口学角度入手分析我国就业问题,认为就业的内涵需要拓展;从人口发展形势分析,就业形势极其严峻,就业问题难以得到根本解决;人口学角度出发的缓解就业的对策包括普及高中阶段教育和实行城市妇女（部分人口）阶段性就业,并认为阶段性就业与社会性别平等并无冲突,而是对其有益的补充。     

从社会性别视角透析出生性别比失衡

20世纪80年代以来,出生性别比失衡问题越来越严重。男尊女卑、重男轻女等传统思想是出生性别比失衡的内在根源,妇女较低的家庭地位是出生性别比失衡的外在根源,妇女自身较低的素质是出生性别比失衡的外在表现。要根除这些根源,就要营造平等的社会性别文化,消除性别歧视;加强立法和政策宣传力度,建立起完善的社会保障制度,提高妇女社会地位;加强男女平等教育,提高国民素质,以及提高妇女的文化素质。     

家庭中的性别平等问题与社会对策

我国坚持男女平等和计划生育基本国策，促进了家庭领域的性别平等。但是，当今家庭仍然存在一些性别不平等现象．一定程度上制约了女孩的成长和妇女的发展。要实现家庭中的性别平等与两性和谐发展必须发挥政府和社会组织的作用，进一步倡导社会性别平等意识、建设先进性别文化、推进社会政策的性别主流化，关心女孩成长、提高妇女社会经济地位。     

女性就业问题研究——从公平与平等的角度看我国女性就业

目前，人们所谈论的性别更多的是指社会性别，它赋予了生理性别不同的社会性质。女性被认为是社会的弱势群体，而女性就业体现了社会的进步性，只有在经济上获得独立，才能提高其社会地位。从整个社会角度看，就业状况往往反映一个国家的经济发展状况，而女性就业率则反映了一个国家女性的社会地位与社会的文明程度。对于女性个体来说，在现代社会中就业是参与社会生活的主要途径，是决定个人生存与发展的重要手段。妇女就业作为开发、     

预防艾滋病的知识、态度、行为状况的探讨

根据 2 0 0 0年末国家计生委关于预防艾滋病宣传教育的调查资料 ,文章从社会、文化、经济的视角 ,分析人们在预防艾滋病知识、态度方面的差别 ,从而提高我国预防艾滋病宣传教育计划的科学性 ,并促进未来对预防艾滋病资金的投入发挥更大效益。本文还指出习惯于计划生育采取长效措施的我国广大农村 ,应通过科技创新 ,解决“防艾”问题     

HIV/AIDS,Social Capital,and Online Social Networks

The prospects for online social networks as sites of information-gathering and affiliation for persons with AIDS and others concerned about HIV/AIDS not only represent the latest development in a trend toward circumventing traditional media and official information sources, but also may offer hope for a revitalization of HIV/AIDS discourse in the public sphere. This article provides an overview of three decades of information-seeking on the pandemic and its social and personal implications, as well as case studies of three examples of social networking surrounding HIV/AIDS. It finds preliminary evidence of the formation of strong and weak ties as described in Social Network Theory and suggests that the online accumulation of social capital by opinion leaders could facilitate dissemination of messages on HIV/AIDS awareness and testing.     

Social networks, perceptions of risk, and changing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS: new evidence from a longitudinal study using fixed-effects analysis

The study presented here is an investigation of the importance of social interactions to perceptions of the risk of AIDS, and explores spousal communication about the AIDS epidemic in rural Malawi. A fixed-effects analysis based on longitudinal data collected in 1998 and 2001 shows that social interactions on the subject of HIV/AIDS have significant and substantial effects on respondents' perceptions of the risk of HIV/AIDS, even after controlling for unobserved factors that affect the selection of social networks. These effects are more complex than previously thought. The dominant mechanisms--social learning and social influence--are found to vary by sex and by region, because of regional variations in the marriage pattern and the resulting implications for the formation of local social networks. The conclusion of the study is that rather than fostering denial and inaction, social interactions are an important vector of change in the face of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.     

Knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS among community-living older women: reexamining issues of age and gender

Although older women face unique risks related to HIV/ AIDS, little empirical data is available regarding HIV/AIDS among women over the age of 65. In the present study, 160 community-living older women and men completed questionnaires regarding knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS. Findings showed that although older women were less likely to talk to their physician about HIV than men, they maintained greater knowledge and generally dispelled myths about viral transmission. However, most older women believed that HIV/AIDS had limited personal relevance, possessed virtually no knowledge of age and gender specific risk factors, and professed HIV-associated stigma. These findings highlight the need for gender and age specific prevention programs.     

Knowledge and Attitudes About HIV/AIDS Among Community-Living Older Women: Reexamining Issues of Age and Gender

ABSTRACT

Although older women face unique risks related to HIV/AIDS, little empirical data is available regarding HIV/AIDS among women over the age of 65. In the present study, 160 community-living older women and men completed questionnaires regarding knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS. Findings showed that although older women were less likely to talk to their physician about HIV than men, they maintained greater knowledge and generally dispelled myths about viral transmission. However, most older women believed that HIV/AIDS had limited personal relevance, possessed virtually no knowledge of age and gender specific risk factors, and professed HIV-associated stigma. These findings highlight the need for gender and age specific prevention programs.     

Gay men with AIDS: perceptions of social support and adaptational outcome

Using a multivariate design, this study examined social support as a mediating variable between the stressor of AIDS and adaptational outcome in a culturally and socioeconomically diverse sample of 60 urban gay men with AIDS. Whereas earlier studies have suggested that social support for gay men with AIDS is often lacking or ineffective, findings in this study indicated that family of origin and friends may provide more support to gay men with AIDS than has been generally recognized. Both family of origin and friend support were strongly correlated with positive outcomes, indicating that social support was not only forthcoming but was also effective. The relationship between family of origin support and positive outcomes was particularly strong.     

The Gender of “Energy”: Language,Social Theory,and Cultural Change in Women’s Lands in the United States

Within women’s intentional communities, women use the phrase women’s energy to describe certain social interactions, a sense of community, and ideas about how gender is done or performed. For example, energy can express both difference in communication style between men and women and male dominance in social situations. During my fieldwork in these communities, I explored how this phrase suggests a reference to a precultural female body, but it is also sometimes used to explicitly reject biological reasons for gender difference. The term is easily understandable to a wide range of women from varying class backgrounds and encompasses both the unconscious side of social interactions and a possibility for future change.