时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制研究

基于压力认知评价理论和调节焦点理论,通过对404个二阶段问卷样本的实证分析,探析时间压力对工作退缩行为的影响机制。研究结果表明：时间压力通过促进型调节焦点负向影响工作退缩行为,通过防御型调节焦点正向影响工作退缩行为;员工感知的过度工作氛围在时间压力与员工防御型调节焦点之间起负向调节作用,并进一步调节了防御型调节焦点的中介作用;触发工作退缩行为的前因构型包括：低收入×防御型调节焦点、时间压力×防御型调节焦点和低收入×低过度工作氛围×时间压力。     

悖论式领导行为对员工创造力的影响研究北大核心CSSCI

基于社会认知理论和创造力双路径模型,以武汉、广州、苏州等调查区域的67个团队中的256对匹配领导-下属为样本,探讨悖论式领导行为对员工创造力的影响。从下属的行为反应视角出发,检验员工的努力工作和聪明工作的中介作用以及员工特质调节焦点的调节作用。研究结果表明,悖论式领导行为对员工创造力具有显著的正向影响。员工的努力工作和聪明工作在悖论式领导行为和员工创造力之间起部分中介作用。员工单一调节焦点特征负向调节了悖论式领导行为与员工努力工作、聪明工作的关系,而且还负向调节了员工努力工作、聪明工作的中介作用。当员工同时拥有高促进型调节焦点和高防御型调节焦点时,悖论式领导行为对员工的努力工作的积极影响更强。本文拓展了悖论式领导行为对员工创造力影响机制的研究思路,并探索了悖论式领导有效性的边界条件。     

时间压力对互联网企业“90后”员工创造力影响的双路径模型研究

基于压力—情绪理论，构建时间压力影响员工创造力的双路径平行中介模型，运用Mplus 8.0和SPSS 25.0软件，对来自我国互联网企业的280份“90后”员工的样本数据进行分析，探究二元时间压力（挑战性和阻碍性）对二元员工创造力（突破性和渐进性）的影响及其差异，以及在该关系中工作焦虑（促进性和抑制性）的中介作用。研究结果表明：挑战性时间压力对员工突破性创造力的正向影响大于渐进性创造力，阻碍性时间压力只显著负向影响员工突破性创造力；挑战性时间压力以促进性工作焦虑为中介，正向影响员工突破性创造力和渐进性创造力；而抑制性工作焦虑在阻碍性时间压力与突破性创造力和渐进性创造力之间的中介作用不显著。     

绩效压力对工作-家庭关系的双路径影响机制研究

依据工作-家庭资源模型，本研究基于316份两时点问卷数据，采用结构方程模型，探究了绩效压力对工作-家庭关系的双路径影响机制，并验证了职场焦虑与工作专注的中介作用以及防御型调节焦点与促进型调节焦点的调节作用。研究结果表明，绩效压力既可能导致员工职场焦虑，进而恶化了员工的工作-家庭关系；又可能导致员工工作专注，进而改善了员工的工作-家庭关系。防御型调节焦点调节了绩效压力与职场焦虑间的关系，也调节了绩效压力通过职场焦虑影响工作-家庭关系的间接效应；但促进型调节焦点对绩效压力与工作专注之间关系的调节作用以及绩效压力通过工作专注对工作-家庭关系的间接影响的调节作用均不显著。     

谦卑型领导行为对员工创造力的影响研究

谦卑型领导是领导风格领域最近兴起的研究热点,其相关研究正处于起步阶段。基于领导理论和创造力理论,尝试发现谦卑型领导行为与员工创造力之间的关系,并从心理认知和人格特质视角出发,探讨心理安全和自我效能的中介效应以及调节焦点所起到的调节作用。采用问卷法配对调查326对直接领导及其对应员工,运用结构方程模型和层次回归方法对样本数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明,谦卑型领导行为对员工的创造力有显著的正向影响,心理安全和自我效能在两者间起完全中介作用;员工的防御型调节倾向越突出,谦卑型领导行为对员工心理安全的影响越强;员工的促进型调节倾向越突出,谦卑型领导行为对员工自我效能的影响越强。研究结论为领导者打破传统的自上而下的领导方式、转而应用谦卑型领导行为提升员工创造力提供了新的思路。     

领导幽默对员工创造力的影响研究

以积极情绪扩展—建构理论为基础,考察了领导幽默对员工创造力的影响,重点分析积极情绪的中介作用和侵略型幽默的调节作用。采用层级回归、有调节的中介检验等方法分析251套员工—主管的配对样本,其结果表明:领导幽默正向影响员工创造力,积极情绪在领导幽默与员工创造力之间起中介作用,侵略型幽默负向调节领导幽默与积极情绪之间的关系,也负向调节领导幽默经由积极情绪影响员工创造力的间接效应。     

意义构建理论视角下领导积极结果框架对员工数字化创造力的影响研究

通过聚焦于企业数字化转型变革环境中的领导愿景沟通场景,从意义构建理论视角,探讨了激活员工数字化创造力的有效领导意义给赋策略,构建了领导积极结果框架影响员工数字化创造力的链式中介模型,并据此分析了领导地位在其中所起到的调节作用。研究结论表明：领导积极结果框架可直接促进员工的数字化创造力,同时也可通过唤起员工的认知与情感共鸣产生间接的促进作用,即未来工作自我清晰度与和谐型工作激情分别在领导积极结果框架对员工数字化创造力的影响中起中介作用,并共同发挥链式中介作用;领导积极结果框架唤起的员工认知与情感共鸣程度均能受到领导地位正向调节效应的影响。     

高压力工作情境下伦理型领导提升员工工作绩效和满意感的过程机制研究

本研究基于资源保存理论,旨在探讨高压力工作情境下,伦理型领导影响员工工作绩效和满意感的过程机制。研究采用两轮问卷调查的方式,以来自40个媒体节目团队的152名媒体从业人员作为研究对象。研究结果显示:(1)伦理型领导能够显著减少员工的挑战性和阻断性压力源;(2)挑战性和阻断性压力源对伦理型领导与心理授权、压力感知、公正感知间关系起到显著的中介效应;(3)心理授权、压力感知和公正感知对挑战性和阻断性压力源与员工工作绩效和满意度间关系起到显著的中介效应。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论意义和实践启示。     

团队防御型调节焦点对新产品创造力的双刃剑效应

基于调节焦点理论和团队过程视角,构建了团队防御型调节焦点、信息共享度通过团队活力和团队反思影响新产品创造力的被调节的双通道中介模型。实证研究表明:团队活力中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的负向间接关系;团队反思中介了防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力的正向间接关系;信息共享度削弱了团队防御型调节焦点对团队活力的负向影响;信息共享度削弱了团队活力在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用;团队信息共享度增强了团队防御型调节焦点对团队反思的正向影响;团队信息共享度增强了团队反思在防御型调节焦点和新产品创造力之间的中介作用。     

双元工作要求对员工幸福感的影响研究:工作资源的调节作用

对于员工幸福感的研究发现:挑战性工作要求能够有效促进员工幸福感,阻碍性工作要求抑制了员工幸福感;工作资源显著调节了挑战性、阻碍性工作要求对员工幸福感的影响。在工作资源的调节作用下,情绪耗竭在双元工作要求与员工幸福感之间起到部分中介作用。对工作要求性质进一步划分,探讨不同性质的工作要求对幸福感的影响,不仅丰富了工作要求—资源模型,对于实际工作中提升员工幸福感也开拓了新思路。     

基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理研究

本研究从心理学的调节焦点理论切入,构建了基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理模型。具体探讨领导的行为示范、语言框架及反馈,通过对个体调节焦点与群体共享调节焦点两个层面的共同引导,进而影响下属创造力的作用过程。本研究将丰富并厘清人们对领导提升下属创造力的影响路径与作用规律的认识,并为领导通过日常管理来激发下属创造力提供借鉴与指导。     

多层次导向的真实型领导对员工与团队创新的影响机制研究

"德才兼备"是中国评价领导者的重要内容,学者多关注团队领导者的"才"对创新的影响,鲜有研究探讨领导者的"德"与创新的关系。真实型领导与德才兼备中的"德"有着较好契合,本研究以113个研发团队的领导者及其574名员工为被试,运用多层次研究方法,探究真实型领导对创新的作用及机制。结果表明,个体导向的真实型领导透过上级支持对员工创新结果具有显著促进作用;团队导向的真实型领导透过团队协力对员工个体创新行为和团队整体的创新均有显著促进作用。本文提供了在中国情境下真实型领导对创新的多层次影响机制。     

The differential role of job demands in relation to nonwork domain outcomes based on the challenge-hindrance framework

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically test a novel theoretical model examining a dual stressor and dual process model relating demands in the work domain to outcomes in the nonwork domain. The foundation for this model rested upon the challenge-hindrance framework and the role depletion and role enhancement perspectives derived from role theory as applied to the work-nonwork interface. The results show mixed support for the proposed model. In line with the challenge-hindrance framework the effects of challenge stressors were less detrimental than hindrance stressors. However, contrary to what has been reported for work domain outcomes, the net effect of both challenges and hindrances on nonwork domain outcomes was negative. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

化被动为主动:共享型领导对员工主动变革行为的影响及作用机制研究

如何让员工将其工作角色外的行为,如主动变革行为,视为其角色内的行为越来越受到学者和管理者的关注。主动变革行为是指个体通过自愿的和建设性的努力来影响组织功能改变的行为,属于一种挑战性的组织公民行为。尽管以往研究对员工主动变革行为的影响因素进行了一些探讨,但主要聚焦于正式垂直领导和个体因素,鲜有研究关注团队情景因素对其的作用效果。通过问卷调查法,以69个部门和262名员工的配对数据为样本,本研究考察了共享型领导对员工主动变革行为的影响及作用机制。跨层次分析结果表明:(1)共享型领导对员工主动变革行为有积极影响;(2)主动变革行为的角色定义与和谐工作激情会分别中介共享型领导与员工主动变革行为之间的关系;(3)领导-成员交换质量会分别调节共享型领导与员工角色宽度自我效能与和谐工作激情之间的关系,领导-成员交换质量越高,共享型领导对员工角色宽度自我效能与和谐工作激情的积极作用越显著;(4)领导-成员交换质量会调节共享型领导通过角色宽度自我效能对员工主动变革行为的间接作用,领导-成员交换质量越高,这一间接作用越显著。     

Organizational violence and aggression: Development of the three-factor Violence Climate Survey

The aim of this study is to examine the concept of health-specific leadership, differentiate it from sound general leadership and identify whether it has an impact on employee strain, alongside general sound leadership practices. Health-specific leadership is conceptualized as the leader's explicit consideration of and engagement in employee health. The study is based on research in the field of leadership impact on employee strain, health and well-being, extended by recent findings of the importance of domain-specific leadership constructs. As indicated by previous relevant studies, we include psychological climate for health, role ambiguity and job satisfaction as mediating variables. Using structural equation modelling, a sample of 1027 employees of the German tax administration was examined. The results show differential effects for health-specific and general sound leadership. While neither of these two aspects of leadership exhibited a direct association with employee strain, general sound leadership practices were significantly related to lower employee strain through lower levels of role ambiguity, better psychological climate for health and higher job satisfaction. Health-specific leadership was associated with higher levels of psychological climate for health, but also higher role ambiguity.     

When I'm 64: Psychological contract breach,work motivation and the moderating roles of future time perspective and regulatory focus

Abstract

There is an increasing need for managers to understand what motivates younger versus older workers to continue work within their company. We believe that this two-wave study among 90 Dutch employees is the first to examine: (1) the cross-lagged relationships between breach of psychological contract (which includes transactional and relational obligations) and intrinsic work motivation, and (2) the moderating role of the age-related variables future time perspective and regulatory focus. Regulatory focus concerns the orientation (either promotion-focused or prevention-focused) by which an individual pursues their goals. Based on psychological contract theory, we expected and found that relational contract breach predicts lower work motivation. Furthermore, based on lifespan developmental and regulatory focus theory, we assumed that this relationship would be stronger when workers experienced an open future time perspective and a promotion focus rather than a prevention focus. The results showed that future time perspective indeed had a strengthening, and prevention focus a reducing moderating effect in the relationship between psychological contract breach and work motivation. However, no significant effects for promotion focus were found. These findings indicate that age-related processes such as future time perspective and regulatory focus are important variables to include in future psychological contract research.     

Peers,proactivity, and problem-solving: A multilevel study of team impacts on stress appraisals of problem-solving demands

ABSTRACT

To date, there is a paucity of research on team-level impacts on the individual stress appraisal process despite the recognised role of teams for solving problems. Applying a multilevel approach, this study investigates the cross-level impact of team problem prevention behaviours on employee stress appraisals of problem-solving demands. It was hypothesised that team problem prevention would moderate the individual-level relationship between problem-solving demands and stress appraisals. Data were collected from 43 work teams comprised of 192 team members including all team leaders who also provided evaluations of their team’s problem prevention behaviour. Results supported the hypothesised cross-level moderating effects on challenge appraisal, but not threat appraisal. As one of the first studies to demonstrate that stress appraisals are impacted by the group, not just by individual factors, the results support a multilevel conceptualisation of stress appraisals. The findings also highlight implications for practice, broadening the scope of possibilities for stress management interventions to utilise team-level strategies such as leadership development programmes and/or team building initiatives.     

魅力型领导对员工亲社会性规则违背行为的作用机制研究

基于社会交换理论,以内部人身份感知为中介变量,差错反感文化为调节变量,对来自15家企业的324名员工的调研数据进行分析和检验,构建了魅力型领导对员工亲社会性规则违背行为(PSRB)的作用模型。研究结果表明:魅力型领导对员工的PSRB有显著的正向影响;内部人身份感知在魅力型领导和PSRB之间起到完全的中介作用;差错反感文化对内部人身份感知和PSRB之间的关系具有负向调节作用;差错反感文化能调节内部人身份感知在魅力型领导和员工PSRB之间的中介作用,即差错反感文化程度越高,魅力型领导通过内部人身份感知对员工PSRB的间接关系越弱。     

The role of leadership in shared mental model convergence and team performance improvement: An agent-based computational model

Research in shared mental models has immeasurably aided our understanding of effective teamwork and taskwork. However, little research has focused on the role that leaders play, if any, in influencing, developing and/or fostering shared mental models and thereby improving team performance. We developed an agent-based computational model based on McComb's theory of three-phase mental model development, where agents repeatedly share individual opinions (orientation phase), evaluate and respond to the opinions expressed by others (differentiation phase), and modify their understanding of the team based on the responses (integration phase). Leadership and team properties are represented in three experimental parameters: social network structure, heterogeneity of agents' domains of expertise, and level of their mutual interest. Participative leadership is represented by a fully connected network, while Leader–Member eXchange (LMX) is represented by a fully connected network of in-group members and several out-group members connected only to the leader. Our simulation results show that, in general, participative leadership promotes mental model convergence better than LMX. In the meantime, the team performance improvement is achieved by participative leadership only when members have both heterogeneous domains of expertise and strong mutual interest. In all other conditions, participative leadership causes the worst degradation of team performance through team development processes, while LMX is the best to minimize such team degradation. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.