减税降费对企业投资效率的影响研究

减税降费政策是促进企业发展、提高市场活力的重要举措,对提高企业投资效率、推进供给侧改革具有重要意义。本文通过我国沪深A股上市公司2012-2020年的数据,对减税降费对企业投资效率的影响进行研究。研究结果表明：减税降费能够有效提升企业的投资效率;机制检验表明,减税降费可以通过缓解融资约束,减少企业投资不足的行为,通过降低信息不对称程度抑制过度投资的行为。通过进一步研究发现,减税降费对提高民营企业、低自由现金流企业投资效率的效果更为显著;政策对不同成长机会的企业影响效应有所区别;政策对市场化程度较高地区的企业投资不足的作用更加明显,而对市场化程度较低地区的企业过度投资的作用更为明显。本文还提出了推进减税降费政策,从而提高企业投资效率、促进企业高质量发展的政策建议。     

江苏城乡居民社会养老保险财政补贴可持续性研究

本文通过模拟预测2015~2050年江苏农村及城镇人口、财政收入、最低标准基础养老金等数据,就省级财政对城乡居民养老保险的年补助数额占省级财政收入的比重做出仿真测算,同时测算了苏南、苏中及苏北的区域城乡居保财政支持能力。根据情况提出以下建议:完善基础养老金调整机制,逐年提高省级财政补助的绝对数额;加强对经济发展较为滞后区域的财政支持力度;落实好激励性的财政补助政策。     

减税降费为企业提质增效了吗？

减税降费是我国深入推进供给侧结构性改革的一项重大举措。基于2008-2019年A股上市公司数据，探讨减税降费对企业生产效率的影响机制以及政策转变与影响的异质性，发现：（1）减税降费力度的提高对企业全要素生产率的正向激励作用显著；（2）减税降费通过人力资本激励和创新激励两条路径为企业增效提质，进一步从员工规模、职工薪酬和研发投入等方面促进企业生产效率的提升；（3）分两阶段考察，由碎片化向普惠性的政策转变对企业生产率的影响具有规模、行业、产权等异质性。     

财政支农政策分类培训下村干部业务培训的思路研究

《财政部关于进一步加强财政基层培训工作的指导意见》明确提出:"要重点加强对村干部的培训,逐步建立村干部上任后及时或任期内必须参加财政支农政策和村级财务管理培训的制度。"本文从村干部的年龄分布、文化程度、对培训内容的需求、培训方法的接受程度等维度对惠州市三个具有相应代表性的镇区村干部进行问卷调查与座谈。据此,笔者认为财政支农政策村干部业务培训要突出重点、既有层次又有针对性,培训内容实用、注重实效,培训教材要通俗易懂"接地气"、培训方式综合案例分析、小组讨论等形式,有利于提高财政支农政策培训的针对性和实效性,对建立财政支农政策培训长效机制提供了保障。     

晋江市财政局依法行政依法理财见成效

2012年晋江市财政部门充分发挥财税职能作用,完善公共财政体系,稳增长、调结构、保民生、促稳定,为经济提升、民生改善和城市建设提供坚实的财政保障。全市财政总收入完成161.02亿元,比增18.35%,完成预算的100.64%。其中地方级财政收入完成81.21亿元,比增27.06%,完成预算的110.88。一般预算支出70.58亿元,完成     

县乡财政困难及其对财政支农能力的影响

除少数发达地区外,县乡政府的财政支农能力严重虚弱,几乎成为普遍现实。形成这种局面的根本原因,在于县乡财政的严重困难。而形成县乡财政严重困难的根本原因,多在体制性或政策性方面,并非短期内容易消除的。因此,增强县乡财政的支农能力具有艰难性,现行的财政支农政策应做5方面的调整。即明确中央和省级政府在欠发达地区财政支农中的主体地位;整合资源,突出重点,加强监督,优化调整政府支农方式;从战略上培育县乡政府的支农能力,逐步明晰各级政府财政支农的事权。     

2011地方财政十大新突破

广东：财政收入保持全国第一 财政总收入、地方一般预算收入分别达到13668亿元和5513亿元，比上年增长15．4％和22．1％。     

浅析财政超收收入形成原因

预算是经由立法机关批准成立的政府年度收支计划，是对未来年度政府收入规模、支出控制所作的预测、设定，实际执行中，由于各种各样的具体情况，预算中发生一定的偏差是正常的，但是，差距一般不宜过大。近年来，我国财政预算连年大额超收，这几年，财政收入的实际增长远远超过预算所预计的增长，比例过高，如此大额度的超收反映了预算体制存在着不可忽视的问题，对此，大额预算超收收入形成的原因引起了人们的关注。本文从财政超收收入的现实出发，以期找出大额财政超收收入形成的原因。     

新时期做好财政工作的几点思考

财政要进一步发挥财税政策调控职能，完善财政支持经济发展的政策体系，加强财政支出管理，综合运用各种财政手段，推动经济又好又快发展。     

财政审计大格局下的预算执行审计质量管理

<正>随着财政审计一体化进程的不断推进,充分发挥财政审计的整体合力,构建财政审计大格局逐步成为各级审计机关新时期财政审计管理的目标。预算执行审计是财政审计大格局中重要的组成部分,探索和完善预算执行审计的思路和方法,发挥其监督制衡作用,扩大其成效和影响,对于规范财政管理行为,健全财政管理制度,完善财政管理体     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Chronic stress and chronic disease in life and work: Conceptual and methodological issues

This paper argues that the lack of strong prospective evidence linking occupational and social stress to chronic disease stems from the failure of research designs to attend sufficiently to the aetiological chronicity of such diseases. Studies of both supposedly acute stress (life events) and chronic stress in life or work must increasingly be designed to distinguish between stress which is sustained or chronic over a period of yean or even decades, and hence capable of causing a serious chronic disease, and brief or transient stress, which may produce transient or brief psychological or physiological disturbances but cannot generate major chronic disease. Prospective studies are needed which collect measures of both stress and health or disease at multiple points over an extended period of time. Measures of stress should focus more on affect (for example, feelings of pressure and tension) than on cognition (for example feelings of satisfaction). Limited existing evidence is consistent with these ideals.