我国商业银行引入战略投资者的现状和影响

引进国外战略投资者是近几年中国银行业改革的一项重要措施,自2001年加入世界贸易组织后,已先后有十几家中资银行引入了境外战略投资者。本文首先分析了我国商业银行引进境外战略投资者的背景和发展现状,最后实证考察了外资入股我国商业银行后,我国商业银行安全性指标、盈利性指标等财务状况的变化情况。     

基于DFA的我国商业银行并购效率实证分析

采用超越对数成本函数,以我国的14家商业银行为样本,基于自由分布法(DFA),对四家银行并购前后的X效率值进行了深入的实证分析.研究结果表明同业并购是我国现行金融业分业经营制度的需要;改变政府在银行并购中的职能,降低政府干预的不利影响;进一步扩大外资参股的准入范围,注重实施并购过程中的实际操作.     

引入境外战略投资者前后商业银行公司治理特征比较研究

随着银行业市场竞争的日益加剧,我国城市商业银行越来越多地通过引入战略投资者特别是境外战略投资者来完善落后的公司治理机制,提高银行的绩效。本文以2001年至2007年我国八家城市商业银行为样本,对城市商业银行引入境外战略投资者前后的特征进行了实证研究,并进一步探讨了境外战略投资者在城市商业银行公司治理决策中的作用。实证结果发现,引入境外战略投资者后城市商业银行在公司治理、盈利能力等方面显著优于引入之前;境外战略投资者同时对城市商业银行公司治理决策产生“用手投票”和“用脚投票”的积极效应,并影响其公司价值。本文的经验结果对于进一步提升境外战略投资者在城市商业银行公司治理中的作用,完善城市商业银行公司治理具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。     

基于熵权与灰色关联分析的中国商业银行竞争力评价

客观评价商业银行的竞争力、分析其竞争力强弱有利于商业银行竞争力的提升。本文通过建立商业银行竞争力评价指标体系,运用熵权法确定指标权重,引入灰色关联分析法对商业银行竞争力进行评价,实证排名结果表明,非国有商业银行经营效率总体高于国有商业银行,此外,我国银行之间竞争力差异在缩小,银行业竞争将更加剧烈。     

商业银行效率研究的理论发展及对我国的启示

银行业是国民经济的资金流动命脉。我国的金融体系中,商业银行一直占据主导地位,而银行的效率又是银行竞争力的集中体现。本文对国外的银行效率研究的理论发展进行了梳理。通过借鉴国外银行效率研究的最新进展,为我国商业银行提供有益的启示和参考。     

基于EVA的我国商业银行经营绩效研究

我国商业银行在面对竞争和转型时,科学合理地评价银行真实绩效至关重要。EVA是指企业税后净营业利润扣除所有投资的资本成本(包括债务资本成本和权益资本成本)后的余额。论文分析了我国商业银行推行EVA指标的必要性和可行性,选取了16家上市银行2011年的财务数据,采用EVA方法对其价值创造情况进行评价分析,然后选用工商银行2009-2011年的数据进行进一步的实证研究,最后提出提高商业银行经营绩效的相应对策。     

论引入战略投资者后我国商业银行财务状况的优化

本文以股份制商业银行为例,通过对我国股份制商业银行引入境外战略投资者前后的年报提取财务数据进行分析,比较分析得出结论我国商业银行引入境外战略投资者后财务状况得到了优化.     

中国银行业改革对中资银行效率变化的影响

2003 年以来,中国政府加快了银行业改革的步伐,先后采取了剥离不良资产、财务重组与股份制改造、引进境外战略投资者、公开上市等一系列改革措施． 文中采用数据包络分析 (DEA)方法对32家中资商业银行2002—2008年的各种效率指标进行了估计和比较研究． 研究结果表明,通过近几年的改革,中资商业银行的整体效率虽然有较大程度的提高,但国有大型银行的效率仍然最低; 虽然针对国有大型银行的资产重组和股份制改革没有缩小与股份制银行及城商行在效率方面的差距,但剥离不良资产的行为却带来了技术效率的提高,而政府鼓励引进的境外战略投资者又促使中资商业银行提高了其资源配置效率． 整体而言,中国银行业的改革显著提高了中资银行总的成本效率．     

我国内地上市商业银行效率水平分析

商业银行属于现代公司制企业,其经营机制必然遵守现代企业制度的客观要求。随着我国金融改革步伐的加快,银行的效率已成为关系到我国银行业生死存亡的大问题。银行X效率分析方法是目前银行效率研究的前沿和主流方法。本文采用随机边界分析法(SFA)对我国内地11家上市商业银行2003-2006年的效率水平进行分析。研究显示,国有上市商业银行在总体效率水平上已与股份制商业银行接近持平;股份制商业银行除深圳发展银行外效率水平均较高,同时深圳发展银行效率水平的增长幅度最快;我国商业银行在研究年度中管理比较到位。商业银行要继续发展各项创新性业务,互相借鉴先进的管理、服务经验,努力控制不良贷款业务,同时要抓住机遇、快速发展,进而不断提高自身效率水平。     

基于多期信贷竞争的外资银行进入模式研究

银行业全面开放后,外资银行可以绿地投资或作为本地银行的战略投资者两种模式进入.本文考虑本地银行具有老客户和甄别能力带来的信息优势,外资银行具有信贷成本优势,首先在银行不损失优质老客户利润的竞争规则下,将单期信贷模型扩展到多期,然后利用多期竞争的结论对两种进入模式进行了研究.结论表明:与单期信贷竞争中本地银行信息优势来源于老客户和甄别能力两方面不同,在多期信贷竞争中,本地银行信息优势主要来源于甄别能力,并成为外资银行绿地投资的进入壁垒；在少数股权政策的限制下,为了消除信息劣势,外资银行倾向于入股因拥有甄别能力而具有长期信息优势的本地银行,因此少数股权政策可以保护本地弱势银行不被外资并购.     

Efficiency measures of the Chinese commercial banking system using an additive two-stage DEA

Measuring and improving the efficiency of the Chinese commercial banking system has recently attracted increasing interest. Few studies, however, have adopted the two-stage network DEA to explore this issue in the Chinese context. Because the entire operational process of the banking system could be divided into two sub-processes (deposit producing and profit earning), the evaluation of the sub-process efficiencies could be used to assist in identifying the sources of the inefficiency of the entire banking system. In this study, we utilize the network DEA approach to disaggregate, evaluate and test the efficiencies of 16 major Chinese commercial banks during the third round of the Chinese banking reform period (2003–2011) with the variable returns to scale setting and the consideration of undesirable/bad output. The main findings of this study are as follows: (i) the two-stage DEA model is more effective than the conventional black box DEA model in identifying the inefficiency of banking system, and the inefficiency of the Chinese banking system primarily results from the inefficiency of its deposit producing sub-process; (ii) the overall efficiency of the Chinese banking system improves over the study period because of the reform; (iii) the state-owned commercial banks (SOBs) appear to be more overall efficient than the joint-stock commercial banks (JSBs) only in the pre-reform period, and the efficiency difference between the SOBs and the JSBs is reduced over the post-reform period; (iv) the disposal of non-performing loans (NPLs) from the Chinese banking system in general explains its efficiency improvement, and the joint-equity reform of the SOBs specifically increases their efficiencies.     

How do Greek banking institutions react after significant events?—A DEA approach

The efficiency of Greek commercial banks is considered through the period 1995–2003 using the data envelopment analysis technique. Two approaches are used to measure efficiency: one using financial ratios as outputs only and the other viewing banks as credit generation and transaction institutions. The empirical results are used to examine the reaction of banking institutions after significant events such as M&As, privatizations and the crisis of the Athens Stock Exchange in 1999. In most cases performance deteriorates for the next 1 to 2 years, while increases thereafter, forming specific patterns of efficiency. In the last part we introduce an index to measure the management's efficiency through a process of change. The results suggest that the Greek banking sector operated efficiently on average during the destabilization periods. The contribution of the article is that it comprises the first study which examines empirically the performance behavior of banking institutions within the scope of change management theory.     

A multivariate analysis of the financial characteristics of foreign and domestic banks in the UK

For the banking sector in the EU, the UK is one of the most important countries, since over a quarter of all banking assets in the EU are held in the UK and it is the largest single international banking centre, accounting for 20% of the world's cross-border lending. The UK banking sector has traditionally been one of the most open and it is characterized by a rapidly increasing foreign bank presence. Foreign banks account for 55% of the total assets of the UK banking sector. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the banking sector in the UK focusing on the performance of the domestic banks as opposed to the performance of the foreign banks operating in the UK. For this purpose, a multivariate analysis is performed to identify the existing differences between the financial characteristics of domestic and foreign banks, considering profitability, liquidity, risk and efficiency factors. The data sample covers 26 domestic and 32 foreign banks operating in the UK over the period 1998–2001.     

Do performance and environmental conditions act as barriers for cross-border banking in Europe?

This paper attempts to analyse whether banking technology and environmental conditions act as barriers for the entry of foreign banks in each European banking industry. We evaluate how the efficiency score of a representative commercial bank of a given European country changes if it decides to move abroad. To carry out this analysis, we use a sample of 700 banks belonging to 11 European countries. Countries are paired and each couple is studied by using four DEA production frontiers. These frontiers allow us to measure the technological and environmental gaps between the two countries considered and, based on them, to predict the new efficiency score of the representative bank of a country that decides to operate in a different country. The results indicate, as expected, that being technologically advanced appears to be a significant deterrent to foreign competition, and that adverse environmental conditions constitute a real barrier for cross-border banking activity. Additionally, the results suggest that host-nation banking performance is a good safeguard against cross-border competition.     

基于信号博弈的中外资银行信贷竞争行为分析

在银行业全面开放及贷款利率市场化条件下,异,对中外资银行信贷舍约竞争行为的影响。结果表明：本文利用信号博弈模型,讨论了信息差异及经营成本差1）中资银行的竞争优势是老借款人。2）外资银行提供分离合约时,在中资银行的新借款人市场上将出现“柠檬效应”;外资银行提供混同合约时,中资银行将失去所有新借款人。     

商业银行安全水平的测度及其影响因素——基于跨国数据的实证分析

本文首先引进VaR法对传统Z值模型进行了修正,然后借助于基于VaR的Z值模型对我国14家主要商业银行与全球前100家商业银行的安全水平进行了测度,在此基础上分析和比较了国内外银行的安全水平及其影响因素。研究表明:在2001-2006年间,国内银行安全的均值水平低于国外银行,而2007-2009年间国内银行安全的均值水平则相对较高。进一步研究发现:国内银行安全水平受资产规模增长率、中介效率、行业集中度、人均GDP水平等因素的影响程度显著高于国外银行,而受非利息收入占比水平、净利差等因素的影响程度则显著低于国外银行。上述不同主要源于国内外商业银行业务结构与盈利模式的差异。     

系统性风险约束下的商业银行成本、利润效率比较研究

本文基于16家中国上市银行2006~2012年的非平衡面板数据,运用随机边界分析方法,对系统性风险约束下的银行成本、利润效率及其无效率效应进行了比较研究。结果发现:中国银行业的风险主要来源于系统性风险;不考虑风险因素将导致效率值的明显低估;在成本、利润效率模型中,系统性风险越高,其所造成的无效率效应越大。加强风险管理,防止系统性风险的爆发,有利于商业银行效率的提高。     

外资银行的进入对我国信贷市场贷款价格的影响

本文从中资银行和外资银行分别具有信息优势和融资成本优势的基本假设出发,建立了不对称信息下的银行信贷市场竞争模型,从贷款价格的角度来研究外资银行通过绿地投资和兼并收购两种方式进入对我国信贷市场的影响,且在并购方式中将并购对象按规模分为了本地大银行和小银行。结果表明,外资银行通过兼并收购本地大银行方式进入对贷款价格的降低效果不大,而通过兼并收购小银行方式进入能够全面降低本地银行的贷款价格,在处于竞争劣势地位的本地大银行的老客户市场通过绿地投资模式进入可以大幅度的降低贷款价格。     

An illustration of dynamic network DEA in commercial banking including robustness tests

The main motivation of this article is to illustrate dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DN-DEA) in commercial banking with emphasis on testing robustness. To this end, sixteen foreign banks in China are benchmarked against thirty-two domestic banks for the post-2007 period that follows major reforms. When network and dynamic dimensions are brought together, a more comprehensive analysis of the period 2008–2010 is enabled where divisional and between-period interactions are reflected in efficiency estimates. Weighted, variable returns-to-scale, non-oriented dynamic network slacks-based measure is used within the framework of the intermediation approach to bank behavior. A bank network (i.e., a decision-making unit, DMU) is conceptualized as comprised of two divisions or sub-DMUs, namely, interest-bearing operations and non-interest operations linked by number of referrals. Undesirable outputs from sub-DMUs 1 and 2 (non-performing loans, and proportion of fruitless referrals, respectively) are treated as carry-overs that impact the efficiency of the following periods. Under robustness testing, the illustrative application discusses discrimination by efficiency estimates, dimensionality of the performance model, stability of estimates through re-sampling (leave-one-out method), and sensitivity of results to divisional weights and returns-to-scale assumptions. The results based on Chinese commercial banks are illustrative in nature because of simulated data used on two of the variables.     

金融监管对商业银行产品创新影响——基于两阶段DEA模型的研究

以金融监管为视角,从银监会政策发布到各商业银行设计理财产品产生收益,其政策效应过程是有衔接分阶段性的。本文运用两阶段的数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)方法,将监管环境下银行理财产品的运营过程分为创新产品设计与创新产品市场表现两个阶段,得到了2004年至2014年间我国银行业的创新效率,结果显示第一阶段的银行业产品创新效率和第二阶段的理财产品市场表现效率基本上呈现出正相关的关系,且金融监管对商业银行产品创新的影响效果有一定的滞后性。此外,通过计算出历年银行业创新效率投入指标的改进值,找出了效率非有效的年份与最佳效率的年份在投入产出上的差距,并从监管者的角度和银行操作层面为针对银行产品创新的监管改进提供了政策建议。