一种HEVC帧内编码快速算法

为了降低新一代高效视频编码(high efficiency video coding,HEVC)标准的计算复杂度,提出了一种基于亮度分量直方图分析的HEVC帧内编码快速算法。统计编码单元中4个子块的亮度分量直方图,并计算子块亮度直方图的自相关函数;根据自相关函数判断每个子块的纹理类型;根据子块的纹理类型进行编码单元划分的自适应选择,从而减少不必要的编码尺寸,降低HEVC帧内编码的计算复杂度,提高编码速度。实验结果显示,相对于HEVC标准模型,本算法可将编码速度提高22%,而平均比特流增加0.9%左右,同时视频的PSNR基本维持不变。     

基于梯度的HEVC帧内码率控制算法

在很多的视频应用中,压缩视频往往被限制在一定的信道带宽中,因此需将传输的码率控制在某个限定值,新一代视频压缩编码标准HEVC(high efficiency video coding)编码器引入了一种新的基于R-λ模型的码率控制算法,旨在降低比特估计误差。然而,HEVC的R-λ模型对于I帧的处理没有考虑视频内容复杂度,导致降低了该算法的性能。针对该问题,提出了一种基于R-λ模型的HEVC帧内码率控制算法,根据每个最大编码单元LCU(largest coding unit)的梯度去分配LCU的比特,这样可以使得比特分配更加准确。实验结果显示,所提算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)基本不变的条件下,平均比特率误差控制在了0.018 5%。     

深度图的快速自适应帧内预测模式选择算法

基于高效率视频编码(high efficiency video coding, HEVC)三维视频扩展的深度编码,引入了深度模型编码模式(depth modeling mode, DMM)和区域边界链编码(region boundary chain, RBC)模式. RBC 模式通过遍历编码单元(coding unit, CU)当前深度下所有的边缘线预测模板来得到最佳的预测模板, 但在显著提升编码效率的同时, 其计算复杂度也增加了数倍. 深入研究了在HEVC 模式粗选过程中选出的最优预测模式与DMM 和RBC 这两种模式的相关性, 以及与直接Wedgelet 搜索模板集合各个方向的相关性, 并在此基础上提出了一种快速的自适应深度图帧内预测模式选择算法. 该算法将编码块分为平坦块、方向性编码块以及纹理复杂块3 种. 对平坦块跳过DMM 和RBC 模式, 而对方向性编码块的直接Wedgelet 搜索过程则跳过不必要的方向模板搜索, 从而提高编码速度. 实验结果表明, 在全I 帧模式下,该深度图帧内预测模式选择方法平均节省了75.4% 的编码时间, 而在合成视点端仅带来0.4%的性能损失.     

高效视频编码(HEVC)帧内预测块尺度的快速选择方法

针对高效视频编码(high efficiency video coding,HEVC)中帧内尺度模式选择计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种HEVC帧内预测块尺度的快速选择方法。基于图像的纹理复杂度,通过提前检测帧内预测块的绝对误差均值,选择预测块尺度类型,减少穷尽搜索代价计算过程。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效降低帧内预测块尺度模式选择的计算复杂度,在比特率平均提高3.09%的情况下,编码时间能平均减少29.87%,峰值信噪比平均提高0.031%。     

基于HEVC的自适应插值滤波算法

为进一步提高自适应分像素插值算法的视频图像质量,降低计算复杂度,提出一种基于HEVC(high efficiency video coding)的自适应插值滤波算法.该算法首先在新一代视频编码标准H.265/HEVC框架下进行编码,以提高视频编码效率;其次通过滤波器系数对称优化,降低码流所需滤波器系数和解码计算的复杂度.复杂度分析结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法乘法复杂度最高降低229%,加法复杂度最高降低245%.仿真结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法对不同分辨率视频序列均具有较好的编码性能及鲁棒性.     

一种基于空时域相关性的HEVC帧间预测模式快速决策算法

为了减小高性能视频编码（high efficiency video coding,HEVC）的复杂度,提出一种基于四叉树结构类型分析的帧间预测模式快速决策改进算法。一方面,统计并分析空时域相邻编码单元（coding unit,CU）和 CU 深度之间的相关性,确定其深度遍历区间,跳过一些冗余 CU 的分割,从而减少 CU 深度划分的复杂度;另一方面,通过分析遍历区间内 CU 的运动特征和预测单元（prediction unit,PU）模式特性,确定不同运动特征所对应的 PU 模式,减少所需遍历候选 PU 模式的数量和所需要进行的率失真代价计算的数量。与 HM14．0相比,采用该算法的 HEVC 编码器在输出比特率增加很小的情况下,平均编码时间降低了46．9％,而编码后的视频质量基本不变。     

一种HEVC样点自适应补偿快速算法

为解决高性能视频编码标准H.265/HEVC中引入的样点自适应补偿技术的计算复杂度极高导致严重影响编码效率的问题,提出一种HEVC样点自适应补偿快速算法.首先根据编码单元(coding unit, CU)的划分深度确定亮度树形编码块(coding tree block, CTB)中需要提取边缘方向的区域,然后利用边缘方向提取算法获得亮度CTB的边缘方向列表,并根据此列表减少亮度CTB在模式判别过程中遍历的模式数量,最后利用亮度和色度CTB之间的相关性进一步简化色度CTB的模式判别过程.实验结果表明,在性能损失较小的情况下,本算法可以在全I帧(AI)、随机访问(RA)、低延时B帧(LB)、低延时P帧(LP)四种配置下分别节省31.75%、 56.85%、 52.81%、 51.51%的样点自适应补偿编码时间.     

一种改进的HEVC编码单元划分方法

针对高效率视频编码(HEVC)帧内预测中的率失真优化(RDO)算法计算复杂度高的问题,该文提出了一种基于统计学的率失真优化的改进方法。通过对不同量化参数的率失真代价概率分布图产生的阈值进行统计,得到最大编码单元(LCU)划分过程中不同深度的阈值方程,并利用该阈值提前终止编码单元的划分从而达到降低计算复杂度的目的。实验表明该文所提出的改进方法与HEVC的测试模型HM10.0相比,在保证视频质量和码率基本不变的前提下(码率仅增加了0.5%,Y-PSNR只降低了0.019d B),减少了26.7%的编码时间,提高了编码效率。     

一种基于变换系数拉普拉斯分布的HEVC码率控制算法

基于变换后残差信号的拉普拉斯分布特性, 提出了一种面向高效视频编码(high efficiency video coding, HEVC) 的编码树单元(coding tree unit, CTU) 级码率控制算法. 首先, 研究了量化参数、拉普拉斯分布参数以及拉格朗日乘数之间的关系, 并建立了模型. 然后, 根据每个CTU 的变换残差的拉普拉斯分布特性动态调整其量化参数, 以获取高效的编码性能. 此外, 通过与帧级码率控制算法相结合, 获得了更加精确的码率控制效果以及良好的编码性能. 实验结果表明, 所提出的码率控制算法可以获得比HEVC标准提案JCTVC-H0213和JCTVC-K0103中所述码率控制算法更优的编码性能.     

高效视频编码中帧内码率控制改进算法

针对失真漂移现象造成码率拉格朗日因子(R-λ)模型编码效率低的问题,提出一种考虑区域间失真关联性的高效视频编码(HEVC)帧内码率控制改进算法。首先根据帧内预测编码原理,对编码区域间的失真关联性进行分析,得到漂移的失真、当前失真与总失真之间的关系;然后利用编码像素值、参考像素值和参考像素重构值,准确地预测出漂移的失真值;最后结合传统的R-λ模型,获取基于失真漂移的拉格朗日因子λ,继而建立更准确的R-λ模型。实验结果表明,与原始的帧内码率控制算法相比,在相同的码率下所提算法可将编码码率平均降低1.7%,重构视频的峰值信噪比平均提高0.1 dB,证明所提算法的编码效率得到提升,且编码时间增幅非常小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the