巴鹤公路K169+600～K169+800段边坡危岩稳定性及防治措施分析

实地勘察查明,巴鹤公路K169+600^K169+800段岩质边坡整体稳定,主要地质灾害问题为路基左侧上方边坡危岩失稳破坏问题。在详细分析了其发育特征及变形破坏模式等基础上对其稳定性进行评价,并提出针对性防治措施建议,具有实际工程指导意义。     

深圳市地铁8号线车辆段高边坡稳定性研究

根据深圳地铁8号线车辆段高边坡地质资料,采用赤平投影法和有限单元法对边坡的稳定性及影响因素进行了分析。该场地存在5条小规模的断层,这5条断层对于边坡整体稳定性不起控制作用。但是会在局部造成危岩和落石等坡面病害。该边坡的节理裂隙主要有三组,经过分析该边坡内存在一组缓倾角节理面,为该边坡的不利结构面,其余组节理裂隙对边坡坡体存在切割作用。利用大型有限元模拟软件采用强度折减法对该边坡的应力场及应变场进行了分析。该边坡的安全系数为1．55,此时塑性区贯通。该边坡的滑动面为岩土体分界面。整个边坡的破坏模式是岩土体分界面的顺层滑动或土体的圆弧滑动。     

漳龙高速公路A5标段K38+710边坡稳定性分析及防治措施建议

简述漳州-龙岩高速公路5标段K38＋685～K38＋750边坡的工程地质条件，重点对该边坡的稳定性进行分析、计算、评价，并根据计算结果提出了相应的防治措施。     

青海二尕公路K199＋680～＋860段滑坡成因分析及整治方案

以青海省二尕公路祁连至石棉矿K199＋680～＋860段滑坡治理工程为例,简要介绍了该滑坡的性质、特点,详细分析了病害的成因以及对公路的潜在危害,并在此基础上,提出了以支挡结构为主、坡面防护和截排水措施为辅的综合整治方案。     

超载作用下土质边坡失稳与破坏模式分析

影响边坡失稳的因素众多而且繁杂,超载作用是诱发土质边坡失稳的主要因素之一。基于强度折减有限元法对土质边坡进行了不同坡面超载作用下的稳定性计算,并分析了在坡面加载变化时边坡稳定性的变化规律及其潜在滑动面的失稳破坏形式。研究表明:坡面超载作用下土质边坡可能会触发边坡失稳破坏,坡面加载方式不同,边坡失稳破坏模式不同,破坏模式可能会由整体失稳转化为局部失稳。     

超高填方边坡稳定性评价及防治对策研究——以城口县漆树坡建筑渣场填方边坡为例

山地及丘陵地区因其地形起伏较大,在工程建设时常形成超高填方边坡,该类边坡高度大、变形破坏机制复杂、受施工质量影响较大,所以治理难度大。以城口县漆树坡建筑渣场填方边坡为例,对超高填方边坡稳定性评价及治理方案进行研究。根据该边坡的实际情况,采取了极限平衡法的整体稳定性计算与土体内部稳定性计算相结合的计算模式,根据稳定性分析,结合渣场边坡特征、影响因素以及保护对象的重要性,最终确定了整体支挡、坡面防护、排水箱涵及坡面水平排水孔等多种排水措施相结合的综合治理方案,并实施水位监测孔的风险管控措施。     

X484线K24＋455泥石流沟整治设计

甘肃省陇南地区泥石流灾害严重,5.12汶川特大地震之后,山体和边坡在地震力的作用下,发生大面积裂缝、坍塌,泥石流病害迅速扩大。本文结合“X484线地震灾后抢险保通恢复工程”,在进行大量实地调查、勘查的基础上,参考相关研究成果,选取较为典型的K24＋455右侧泥石流沟,分析了该泥石流的形成条件及发育特征,提出了科学合理的整治原则及方案。     

降雨条件下的节理化露天矿高边坡稳定性分析

露天矿的开采形成了许多节理化的人工高边坡,这些边坡的岩土体结构破碎且复杂,因而在考虑边坡的整体稳定性时,地震力和地下水的作用不可忽略。为最大限度地减小开挖量及保证开采过程中的边坡整体稳定,结合青海省某大型露天镍钴矿开采后形成的节理化高陡边坡,在考虑地下水和地震力作用下,通过Geo Studio软件中的几大模块对研究区域整体边坡稳定性进行定量计算分析,并得到降雨条件下边坡稳定性及表面水平位移变化规律。之后通过对计算结果的分析得到研究区域内最佳开采坡角为44°,持续降雨状况下,坡中点的表面水平位移变化最大。最终得到开采坡角的角度对露天矿边坡整体稳定性影响巨大,且对该露天矿的开采提出了一些实用性建议。     

基于极限分析理论坡面荷载作用下三维边坡稳定性分析

基于极限分析上限法理论,考虑坡面荷载作用的影响,研究了三维土体边坡的稳定性.通过求解土体内耗功率、重力功率、坡面荷载功率,推导三维土体边坡在坡面荷载作用下的稳定系数计算表达式.编制了稳定系数计算程序,分析了内摩擦角、坡角、坡面荷载、宽高比对边坡稳定的影响规律.坡面荷载边坡稳定系数随着坡面荷载的增加几乎呈线性增加,在较小宽高比时,边坡表现出明显的三维特性,在较大宽高比时,可以忽略边界的约束作用,用二维分析结果代替三维分析结果,为坡面受荷载作用边坡稳定性分析提供理论基础.     

浅谈连霍高速公路郑洛段K647＋514-652＋860路面改善工程设计思路

连霍高速公路郑洛段是河南省高速公路主要骨架之一,郑洛段K647＋514-K652＋860多位于高填深挖路段,坡陡弯急,纵坡达到5％,由于通车时间较早,近年来随着交通量迅速增加,车辆超载严重,路基沉陷较多．路面出现严重的裂缝、变形、沉陷等病害,影响了行车的安全性和舒适性,为此,经省交通厅同意,计划对该段路段路面进行重新设计中修。本文重点对路面病害的形成基理进行了分析,并提出了新颖的病害处理方案．同时对罩面层的设计提出了独特设计思路。     

Analysis of rockfall and its impact on the cut-and-cover tunnel in dynamics

0IntroductionRockfall happens more often thanlandslide whichis big-ger in magnitude.It happens so frequently that peoplecan not avoid it and structures below are constantly undertheir threat.In1960s and1970s,rockfall causes enormousdeaths,economic losses.Therefore,as one of effective fencerules,cut-and-cover tunnel(CCT)is urgently needed.As constructions develop so fast and widely in mountainareas,disasters resulted fromrockfall become a crucial prob-lemandarouse more and more attentionineng…     

Putative receptor for the cytoplasmic inactivation gate in the Shaker K+ channel

Inactivation of ion channels is important in the control of membrane excitability. For example, delayed-rectifier K+ channels, which regulate action potential repolarization, are inactivated only slowly, whereas A-type K+ channels, which affect action potential duration and firing frequency, have both fast and slow inactivation. Fast inactivation of Na+ and K+ channels may result from the blocking of the permeation pathway by a positively charged cytoplasmic gate such as the one encoded by the first 20 amino acids of the Shaker B (ShB) K+ channel. We report here that mutation of five highly conserved residues between the proposed membrane-spanning segments S4 and S5 (also termed H4) of ShB affects the stability of the inactivated state and alters channel conductance. One such mutation stabilizes the inactivated state of ShB as well as the inactivated state induced in the delayed-rectifier type K+ channel drk1 by the cytoplasmic application of the ShB N-terminal peptide. The S4-S5 loop, therefore, probably forms part of a receptor for the inactivation gate and lies near the channel's permeation pathway.     

渗流作用下花岗岩类土质路堑边坡稳定性分析

以南厦高速公路K36+600～+700段类土质路堑边坡为例,采用Slide软件对其是否考虑渗流工况下的边坡稳定性进行定量计算对比,评估其治理措施效果,并进一步对边坡渗流敏感性进行分析.研究表明:①考虑渗流作用的边坡稳定安全系数Fs=0.963比不考虑渗流的Fs=1.252低了0.289,说明渗流对边坡的稳定性非常不利;②加固处治后,边坡的稳定安全系数只提高了0.128,边坡仍处于欠稳定状态;而后增加排水工程,边坡安全系数提高了0.232,体现地下水对边坡稳定性影响明显,排水工程十分必要;③在不同水位下,考虑加固与排水工程前后的边坡稳定性对比结果表明:安全系数与水力梯度成反比,水位越低,安全系数越高,边坡越稳定.     

ATP-sensitive K+ channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane.

Mitochondria take up and extrude various inorganic and organic ions, as well as larger substances such as proteins. The technique of patch clamping should provide real-time information on such transport and on energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation. It has been applied to detect microscopic currents from mitochondrial membranes and conductances of ion channels in the 5-1,000 pS range in the outer and inner membranes. These pores are not, however, selective for particular ions. Here we use fused giant mitoplasts prepared from rat liver mitochondria to identify a small conductance channel highly selective for K+ in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This channel can be reversibly inactivated by ATP applied to the matrix side under inside-out patch configuration; it is also inhibited by 4-aminopyridine and by glybenclamide. The slope conductance of the unitary currents measured at negative membrane potentials was 9.7 +/- 1.0 pS (mean +/- s.d., n = 6) when the pipette solution contained 100 mM K+ and the bathing solution 33.3 mM K+. Our results indicate that mitochondria depolarize by generating a K+ conductance when ATP in the matrix is deficient.     

玉维高速科色特长隧道地应力特征及工程地质意义

玉维高速紧邻金沙江西岸,全程共30座隧道,隧道占总里程的52.55%,隧道建设中极有可能遇到复杂地质问题及地应力的影响。以玉维高速科色特长隧道地应力特征为研究对象,完成了6个点的地应力测试工作及岩石室内物理力学测试,结合构造稳定性、岩爆分级、隧道空间布置分析理论完成了该隧道工程地质意义研究。研究结果表明：地应力在垂直方向上随深度以似线性增长趋势,整体表现为“浅部以走滑型地应力场为主、深部以正断型地应力场为主”的规律;地应力特征表现为“浅部区域以水平构造应力为主,深部以垂直应力为主”;各测点的最大剪应力与平均应力之比值均未达到稳定临界值,隧道周边的构造相对稳定;岩爆级别随深度逐渐增大,但级别为中等至轻微;隧道方位分析表明,隧道（右幅）K24+995至K25+730段隧道方位不利,K25+730至K28+200段隧道方位有利。     

Atomic structure of a Na+- and K+-conducting channel

Ion selectivity is one of the basic properties that define an ion channel. Most tetrameric cation channels, which include the K+, Ca2+, Na+ and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, probably share a similar overall architecture in their ion-conduction pore, but the structural details that determine ion selection are different. Although K+ channel selectivity has been well studied from a structural perspective, little is known about the structure of other cation channels. Here we present crystal structures of the NaK channel from Bacillus cereus, a non-selective tetrameric cation channel, in its Na+- and K+-bound states at 2.4 A and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The NaK channel shares high sequence homology and a similar overall structure with the bacterial KcsA K+ channel, but its selectivity filter adopts a different architecture. Unlike a K+ channel selectivity filter, which contains four equivalent K+-binding sites, the selectivity filter of the NaK channel preserves the two cation-binding sites equivalent to sites 3 and 4 of a K+ channel, whereas the region corresponding to sites 1 and 2 of a K+ channel becomes a vestibule in which ions can diffuse but not bind specifically. Functional analysis using an 86Rb flux assay shows that the NaK channel can conduct both Na+ and K+ ions. We conclude that the sequence of the NaK selectivity filter resembles that of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel and its structure may represent that of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel pore.     

崩塌滚石消能桩结构设计计算方法

提出了一种利用桩-土材料的弹塑性性质,将崩塌滚石的冲击动能转化为土体和桩体的弹塑性变形,从而降低崩塌滚石运动速度,拦截滚石的消能桩结构.基于能量守恒定律和弹性地基梁法,推导了消能桩系统在滚石冲击作用下的变形计算公式.对于消能桩的设计,根据勘察资料获取滚石的粒径、下落高度并考虑坡面条件等因素可以估算其运动动能,采用推导公式可计算出消能桩在给定控制变形量条件下的耗能量,从而可以确定消能桩的设计.通过两个崩塌滚石实例对计算模型的运用进行说明,实例计算结果也表明了计算模型具有较好的实用性.     

球状风化花岗岩边坡滚石灾害防护设计研究

以闽东南典型球状风化花岗岩边坡滚石灾害为对象,采用工程地质分析与数值模拟相结合,研究边坡滚石的运动轨迹、停滞概率和冲击特性等成灾规律;模拟分析坡形坡率优化、平台缓冲介质和滚石拦挡措施的减灾机理和工程效果;最终提出一套系统的边坡滚石灾害防护设计方案.     

Energetics of ion conduction through the K+ channel.

K+ channels are transmembrane proteins that are essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. The ability of these proteins to conduct K+ ions at levels near the limit of diffusion is traditionally described in terms of concerted mechanisms in which ion-channel attraction and ion-ion repulsion have compensating effects, as several ions are moving simultaneously in single file through the narrow pore. The efficiency of such a mechanism, however, relies on a delicate energy balance-the strong ion-channel attraction must be perfectly counterbalanced by the electrostatic ion-ion repulsion. To elucidate the mechanism of ion conduction at the atomic level, we performed molecular dynamics free energy simulations on the basis of the X-ray structure of the KcsA K+ channel. Here we find that ion conduction involves transitions between two main states, with two and three K+ ions occupying the selectivity filter, respectively; this process is reminiscent of the 'knock-on' mechanism proposed by Hodgkin and Keynes in 1955. The largest free energy barrier is on the order of 2-3 kcal mol-1, implying that the process of ion conduction is limited by diffusion. Ion-ion repulsion, although essential for rapid conduction, is shown to act only at very short distances. The calculations show also that the rapidly conducting pore is selective.     

降雨条件下阶梯状黄土边坡稳定性试验

为揭示黄土公路阶梯状高路堑边坡在降雨条件下的稳定性状,依托陕西某高速公路黄土路堑边坡工程,进行了现场试验和数值模拟,并通过离心模型试验,研究了阶梯状黄土高路堑边坡在降雨条件下的变形发展过程、坡面降雨入渗规律、涵水与护坡作用以及稳定性分析。研究结果表明:非饱和黄土阶梯状多级矮坡在降雨条件下,边坡的变形存在先垂直、后水平的特点,发生破坏前,会发生明显的侧向变形,在坡内很短距离无水平应变;一般降雨不会影响对阶梯状高边坡的整体稳定性;阶梯状路堑边坡能充分利用黄土的直立特性,来消除降雨对坡面的冲刷,最大限度地减少坡面产流,增加坡面的降雨入渗量;阶梯状路堑边坡还具有边坡防护、水分涵养与景观美化等功能,具有良好的工程和应用价值。