初生树枝晶和共晶团对灰铸铁拉伸断裂的影响

本文从“初生树枝晶加共晶团”的灰铸铁组织物理模型观点出发,对灰铸铁拉伸试棒断口进行了断裂分析,以探寻其组织中初生树枝晶、共晶团对灰铸铁拉伸断裂性能的不同影响和作用。     

熔体温度处理细化亚共晶Al-Si合金组织

利用正交试验的方法对熔体温度处理细化亚共晶Al-Si合金的凝固组织进行了研究，结果表明，经过熔体温度处理后，凝固组织中一次枝晶尺寸明显减小，长的树枝晶变为短的树枝晶或等轴晶，并且枝晶数量明显增多；二次枝晶臂间距变化不明显，从原子团簇的角度分析认为，这是由于高，低温熔体混合后，低温熔体中大的原子团簇得到细化，从而导致混合熔体中形核质点增殖的结果，研究同时发现，高，低温熔体的混合方式对熔体温度处理效果有直接影响，熔体的均匀混合有利于增大熔体凝固过冷度，减小临界晶核半径，促进凝固组织的细化。     

聚焦光束粉末堆焊层的凝固组织形貌及其形成机理

研制了由光束发生器、聚焦系统、旋转气流送粉器、工作台组成的聚焦光束堆焊系统。堆焊层中凝固组织形态以及树枝晶生长方向取决于熔池凝固过程中的传热过程。45钢表面的Ni基合金堆焊层的微观组织呈现树枝晶形态,树枝晶沿堆焊方向前倾生长,堆焊层金属与母材金属间形成平面晶带,平面晶带依附于母材半熔化区联生结晶长大。     

Sn—Pb合金的三次树枝晶生长

在定向凝固的条件下对Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金的三次树枝晶生长进行了研究。探讨纵向和横向生长的三次树枝晶形态，给出了三次枝晶间距与工艺参数即温度梯度和生长速度之间的指数衰减关系。发现纵向和横向三次枝晶在枝晶粗化和间距上存在着明显的差别，并探讨了枝晶爬行对枝晶不对称生长的影响。     

连铸坯铸态组织的微孔隙率对凝固过程的指示作用

一、前言铸坯的铸态组织关系到轧后材的性能而为人们所关注,曾发表了不少关于连铸坯凝固组织特征的论文。为了控制工艺参数获得理想的组织,也发表了许多关于凝固组织与凝固条件之间的关系方面的论文,如树枝晶二次枝间距与二相区冷却速度的关系,树枝晶的断面形态与温度梯度和冷却速度之比的关系,柱状晶主轴倾角与凝固前沿熔体流动方向和     

强磁场对Al-4.5％Cu合金枝晶生长行为影响的初步研究

以Al-4.5%Cu合金为对象进行了稳恒强磁场对枝晶生长行为影响的初步研究,发现10 T的强磁场明显影响了Al-4.5%Cu枝晶定向生长组织.生长速度R在5,10,20μm/s时,无磁场的条件下形成规则的树枝晶的组织,施加10 T强磁场后,界面淬火枝晶组织变得不规则,在随后的凝固过程中树枝晶组织几乎消失,形成接近胞晶形态的组织.磁场强度达到4 T以上后,枝晶间距明显增加.施加强磁场后宏观组织细化,晶粒增多,形成定向凝固下的等轴晶组织的特殊现象.随着生长速度的增加,磁场的作用逐渐减弱.     

氩气雾化René104镍基高温合金粉末的显微组织和凝固缺陷

采用氩气雾化制备René104(ME3)镍基高温合金粉末,对粉末的粒径分布、形貌、显微组织和凝固缺陷进行分析。研究结果表明:氩气雾化René104高温合金粉末氧含量较低,以球形和近球形为主;细粉收得率高,粒径小于75μm的粉末达到70%。小于60μm的粉末成分均匀,表面光滑,内部结构致密,具有典型的胞状晶组织。随着粒径的增大,粉末表面和内部开始出现树枝晶组织,显微组织为胞状晶+树枝晶;具有胞状晶+树枝晶组织的粉末开始出现内部凝固缩孔和空心现象,粒径大于75μm粉末明显观察到内部凝固缩孔和空心缺陷。     

非树枝晶铝合金材料研究

通过研究 ,阐明了获得理想非树晶铝合金组织的关键是冷却速度和搅拌强度的良好匹配 ,采用电磁搅拌 水平半连续铸造方法制备非树枝晶铝合金 ,研究了浇注温度 (中间包温度 )、拉坯速度、冷却速度、电磁搅拌强度等工艺条件对非树枝晶组织的影响 ,以及热处理前后合金组织、性能的变化 ,制备出尺寸为 Φ80 mm×30 0 0 mm的半固态铝合金连铸坯 ,其性能为 σb=31 5.0 2 MPa,δ=1 6.43% .通过对纳米晶在过热熔体中行为的研究 ,创造性地将 Al- Si纳米晶作促变形核剂制备非树枝晶铝合金 .结果表明 ,该法具有操作简便、工艺设备简单等特点 ,是一条全…     

W302热作模具钢激光熔凝组织及性能的研究

系统研究了Ｗ３０２热作模具钢激光熔凝组织和性能。实验观察到熔凝区由等轴晶、树枝晶、胞状树枝晶、胞状晶组成；熔凝组织由马氏体、残余奥氏体、碳化物组成。与常规组织相比，熔凝区的显微硬度、抗回火稳定性及耐磨性均明显提高。     

鱼骨状碲树枝晶的制备及表征

在水-乙二胺-水合肼混合溶剂体系中,以碲粉为原料,加入适量氧氧化钠,通过溶剂热法制备出了低维的微纳复合结构鱼骨状碲树枝晶;讨论了温度、时间、溶剂、表面活性剂等冈素对产物形貌的影响.结果表明,在130℃、7 h的条件下,所得产物树枝晶大小均匀、形貌规整,且具有良好的紫外吸收光学性能.     

Dendrite morphology and evolution mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys grown along the o0014 and o0114 orientations

Nickel-based single crystal superalloys oriented along the o0014 and o0114 lattice directions were produced by a bottom seeding technique in an attempt to understand the evolution mechanism of the dendrite grown along different orientations in the present study. The changes in primary dendrite arm spacing for single crystal with different orientations are also discussed. It was found that the dendrite morphologies of single crystal superalloy grown along o0114 were different from that of o0014. Firstly, the dendrites showed the irregular cruciforms and array in rows in a transverse section. Secondly, no typical primary dendrites were observed but the dendrite morphologies appeared like the letter ‘‘V’’ or ‘‘W’’ in a longitudinal section. The primary dendrite arms grew along the o0014 orientation from the bottom of the sample in the o0014 orientation. However, in the o0114 orientation, the single crystal developed by continuous side-branching along the [001] and [010] orientations. The primary dendrite arm spacing was as the function of the deviation angle f. It indicates that with the increase in the deviation angle f, the primary dendrite arm spacing first increased, and then decreased.     

Unit-cell design for two-dimensional phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification

Phase-field simulation serves as an effective tool for quantitative characterization of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification nowadays. The classic unit cell is either limited to γdendrites along 001 crystal orientation or too ideal to cover complex morphologies for γ dendrites. An attempt to design the unit cell for two-dimensional(2-D) phase-field simulations of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification was thus performed by using the MICRESS(MICRostructure Evolution Simulation Software) in the framework of the multi-phase-field(MPF) model,and demonstrated in a commercial TMS-113 superalloy. The coupling to CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic database was realized via the TQ interface and the experimental diffusion coefficients were utilized in the simulation. Firstly, the classic unit cell with a single γ dendrite along 001 crystal orientation was employed for the phase-field simulation in order to reproduce the microstructure features.Then, such simple unit cell was extended into the cases with two other different crystal orientations, i.e., 011 and 111 . Thirdly, for 001 crystal orientations, the effect of γ dendritic orientations and unit cell sizes on microstructure and microsegregation was comprehensively studied, from which a new unit cell with multiple γdendrites was proposed. The phase-field simulation with the newly proposed unit cell was further performed in the TMS-113 superalloy, and the microstructure features including the competitive growth of γ dendrites,microsegregation of different solutes and distribution of γ′ grains, can be nicely reproduced.     

薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢中铁素体行为

为了确定薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢凝固过程中残留铁素体的生成及转变行为,采用彩色金相、电解侵蚀、电子背散射衍射分析技术及X射线衍射分析等研究手段对双辊薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢凝固组织及残留铁素体特征进行了研究.结果表明AISI304不锈钢薄带的凝固组织由表层胞状晶区、中间柱状晶区和中心等轴晶区三部分组成.薄带表层胞状晶区内残留铁素体呈棒状,柱状晶区的残留铁素体形态为鱼骨状,中心等轴晶区的残留铁素体呈弯曲的树枝状;薄带的表层胞状晶区残留铁素体的质量分数为4.6%～6.6%,柱状晶区内的残留铁素体质量分数为3.6%～3.7%,中心等轴晶区内的残留铁素体质量分数为11.27%～11.34%;残留铁素体沿着厚度方向呈现"W"状分布.     

基于自适应有限元枝晶自由生长相场模型模拟

利用相场模型模拟了过冷熔体中单个完整等轴枝晶在凝固过程中的生长和形貌演化,采用自适应有限元方法求解相场模型的控制方程,研究了在计算域较大、界面层厚度较薄的情况下各向异性和过冷度等物理参数对枝晶形状和生长的影响.结果表明:过冷度越大,枝晶间竞争越激烈,生长速度越慢;各向异性系数越大,枝晶沿选定方向生长的趋势越强,生长速度越快,二次枝晶间距越小,侧向分枝越发达. 与有限差分方法(FDM)相比,采用自适应有限元法(AFM)在CPU计算时间和存储空间均降低了一个数量级,并且系统尺寸越大,自适应有限元法优势越明显,便于更大尺度多场耦合相场模型的数值模拟.通过比较均匀网格法和以往的晶体生长数值模拟实验,证明了自适应有限元法的准确性、高效性和鲁棒性.     

Experimentally induced alteration in the polarity of developing neurons

Despite the great diversity of shapes exhibited by different classes of nerve cells, nearly all neurons share one feature in that they have a single axon and several dendrites. The two types of processes differ in their morphology, in their rate of growth, in the macromolecular composition of their cytoskeletons and surface membranes, and in their synaptic polarity. When hippocampal neurons are dissociated from the embryonic brain and cultured, they reproducibly establish this basic form with a single axon and several dendrites, despite the absence of any spatially organized environmental cues, and without the need for cell to cell contact. We have cut the axons of young hippocampal neurons within a day of their development: in some cases the initial axon regenerated, but more frequently one of the other processes, which if undisturbed would have become a dendrite, instead became the axon. Frequently the stump of the original axon persisted following the transection and subsequently became a dendrite. Evidently the neuronal processes that first develop in culture have the capacity to form either axons or dendrites. The acquisition of axonal characteristics by one neuronal process apparently inhibits the others from becoming axons, so they subsequently become dendrites.     

基于PF-LBM模型的自然对流影响枝晶生长模拟

基于二元合金枝晶生长的相场模型,建立耦合流场、温度场和溶质场等物理外场的多元合金相场模型,模拟了单晶粒和多晶粒在自然对流作用下的生长,观察了枝晶凝固过程中的枝晶形貌、流场以及溶质场的变化.研究发现:温度梯度和浓度梯度改变引起自然对流,使枝晶整体的对称性遭到破坏,上游枝晶尖端生长受到促进,生长速度大于下游,水平方向枝晶尖端生长速度介于上下游之间,二次枝晶臂生长速度、浓度与一次枝晶臂基本相同,能量起伏和结构起伏使枝晶受到的影响更加明显.此外,随着各向异性强度增加,枝晶尺寸变大,生长速度加快,主枝晶臂变细,内部凹陷变明显,尖端变尖锐,二次枝晶臂间距增大.当单晶粒各向异性强度为0.05时,出现明显的“颈缩”现象,多晶粒在各向异性强度为0.03时,出现明显“颈缩”现象.     

机械搅拌对ZA27合金组织的影响

研究了机械搅拌对ＺＡ２７合金组织的影响，同时给出了温度与固相率的对应值．结果表明，在机械搅拌下，ＺＡ２７合金的凝固组织为等轴晶或玫瑰状聚集体，由枝晶残体和棒状与球状粒子组成，且随着温度的降低，初生相逐渐球状化和分散化；初生晶非树状化是由于枝晶臂颈缩折断，合并生长所致；机械搅拌加剧了晶臂颈缩，促进了颈缩折断；固相间存在着合并生长     

The tumour suppressor Hippo acts with the NDR kinases in dendritic tiling and maintenance

Precise patterning of dendritic fields is essential for neuronal circuit formation and function, but how neurons establish and maintain their dendritic fields during development is poorly understood. In Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization neurons, dendritic tiling, which allows for the complete but non-overlapping coverage of the dendritic fields, is established through a 'like-repels-like' behaviour of dendrites mediated by Tricornered (Trc), one of two NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) family kinases in Drosophila. Here we report that the other NDR family kinase, the tumour suppressor Warts/Lats (Wts), regulates the maintenance of dendrites; in wts mutants, dendrites initially tile the body wall normally, but progressively lose branches at later larval stages, whereas the axon shows no obvious defects. We further provide biochemical and genetic evidence for the tumour suppressor kinase Hippo (Hpo) as an upstream regulator of Wts and Trc for dendrite maintenance and tiling, respectively, thereby revealing important functions of tumour suppressor genes of the Hpo signalling pathway in dendrite morphogenesis.     

过冷金属熔体中枝晶生长的各向异性效应

基于Karma-Rappel相场模型,模拟了纯金属在量纲为1过冷度为0.45时等轴枝晶生长过程中晶粒形貌和温度场的变化. 研究了不同各向异性条件下等轴晶晶粒形貌的演化过程. 模拟结果显示,各项异性系数的大小对晶粒的形貌有重要影响. 当各项异性为0.05时,枝晶在生长过程中出现了"颈缩"现象,枝晶中温度梯度最大的方向总是与最优生长方向保持一致.