特发性肺纤维化由高分辨CT和运动心肺功能检查进行早期诊断的研究

评估高分辨CT(HRCT)和运动心肺功能试验对特发性肺间质纤维化(IPF)早期的诊断价值．26例IPF患者分为早期组和非早期组，分别行HRCT扫描．两组IPF患者和22名正常对照组进行运动心肺功能试验．IPF早期组HRCT主要表现为磨玻璃影、肺小叶内间质增厚；非早期组主要表现为肺小叶间隔增厚、支气管血管束异常、胸膜下弧线影、蜂窝肺．运动心肺功能各项指标正常对照组、IPF早期组、IPF非早期组之间均有显著性差异．HRCT与运动心肺功能试验联合检查能显著提高IPF的早期诊断水平．     

肺泡蛋白沉积症6例临床分析

目的:研究肺泡蛋白沉积症的临床特征,诊治方法,提高临床诊治水平,减少误诊、误治.方法:分析近9年来收治患者的临床特征,肺部影像学表现,总结诊治经验,分析误诊、误治原因.结果:患者多表现为活动后气促,咳嗽.胸部高分辨CT主要征象:双肺弥漫性磨玻璃影6例,呈地图样分布5例,铺路石征3例,支气管充气征2例.仅凭胸部CT,误诊率高,入院前3例误诊肺炎,1例误诊肺结核,1例误诊特发性肺间质纤维化.6例患者入院后经肺泡灌洗液、支气管肺活检确诊.肺泡灌洗治疗后症状改善.结论:肺泡蛋白沉积症临床表现缺乏特异性,诊断有一定困难,仅凭胸部高分辨CT检查,误诊、误治普遍.当患者有活动后气促,胸部HRCT呈地图样、铺路石样改变时,需考虑PAP.肺泡灌洗是最有效治疗方法.诊断不清时避免盲目治疗.     

细支气管肺泡癌18F FDG PET/CT SUV值与HRCT形态学的相关性研究

目的 探讨不同类型细支气管肺泡癌的HRCT形态学表现与FDG PET SUV值的相关性。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的28例细支气管肺泡癌患者的FDG PET和HRCT的影像资料,分别记录分析其形态学改变特点及FDG摄取程度和摄取特点,同时测量其最大SUV值（SUVmax）,将不同形态的细支气管肺泡癌影像与所测得的最大SUV值进行对比研究。结果 28例中单发结节13例,其中磨玻璃密度结节5例,直径1.1~2.8cm,最大SUV值均＜1.5,4例结节边缘可见分叶,2例可见胸膜牵拉、凹陷,2例见血管聚集;8例实性结节,直径1.8~3.8cm,最大SUV值4.8~8.3,边缘短毛刺7例,分叶7例,支气管充气症6例,空泡症5例,胸膜凹陷症3例,血管集聚症7例,结节堆聚症3例。多发结节型9例,其中4例为粟粒性结节,5例表现为2个以上结节,磨玻璃密度结节、小的粟粒结节（＜3mm）无FDG摄取,融合结节,大于3mm的粟粒结节可见FDG摄取,最大SUV值在2.1~3.9。肺炎型6例,单肺叶受累4例,双肺叶受累2例,表现为病变肺叶内大片状实变影,7例可见支气管充气、支气管扭曲、僵硬,1例见空洞影,1例见支气管截断,3例见支气管管壁不规则增厚,PET显示实变病灶内FDG摄取不均匀增高,最大SUV值4.5~11.8。结论 细支气管肺泡癌HRCT所示的形态学表现与PET所测得SUV值之间存在一定的相关性,磨玻璃密度影、小于3mm的粟粒结节影大多数无异常FDG摄取,肺炎型和肿块型则多数具有较高的FDG摄取。     

弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT诊断

目的探讨弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析13例经临床或病理证实的弥漫性泛细支气管炎的CT表现特征。结果13例患者CT表现小结节影12例（92．3％）,其中8例HRCT显示小结节近侧端有“Y”字型或线状高密度影;支气管扩张11例（84．6％）;空气潴留征6例（46．1％）;肺间质纤维化3例（23．0％）;多形态病变7例（53．8％）。结论弥漫性泛细支气管炎CT表现具有一定的特征性,HRCT有助于提高本病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

60例成人支原体肺炎的临床及CT影像特征

目的:分析成人支原体肺炎的临床特征及CT表现,旨在提高对该病的认识及与其他肺炎的鉴别.方法:回顾性总结支原体核酸检测阳性的60名成人支原体肺炎患者的临床及影像学资料,探讨其临床及影像学特点.结果:全组年龄处于18～35岁占75%,表现为高热占55%.实验室检查:83%白细胞计数(WBC)正常,60%中性粒细胞百分比升高,98%C反应蛋白(CRP)增高.CT影像表现:病变累及单个肺叶占73%,累及右肺下叶占47%;小叶中心分布占90%;呈团片状占62%,呈磨玻璃影占80%,肺实变占38%;病灶边缘欠清占68%,75%见树芽征,85%支气管壁增厚,38%见支气管气象;2%见胸腔积液,未见合并空洞.结论:成人支原体肺炎大多数见于青年人,临床表现以高热常见;常见中性粒细胞百分比及CRP增高且不伴有WBC增高.CT以右肺下叶受累为主,常见小叶中心分布的团片状、边缘欠清的磨玻璃样影,伴或不伴肺实变,罕见胸腔积液及肺空洞,支气管壁增厚及树芽征多见,支气管气象相对少见;不同于常见细菌性肺炎的以实变为主并伴支气管气象;虽然与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)同样多表现为磨玻璃密度影,但支原体肺炎以小叶中心分布为主,伴有支气管壁增厚及树芽征.     

457例新型冠状病毒肺炎轻症患者的临床及CT特征

目的:回顾分析457例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)轻症患者临床症状、不同发病阶段的实验室及胸部CT特征性改变,为早期诊治提供参考.方法:纳入武汉江汉方舱医院457例经核酸确诊的COVID-19轻症患者,通过采集流行病学调查资料、临床表现、入院前、住院期间及出院前血常规、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胸部CT影像学资料,分析患者临床症状及发病早、中、后期3阶段的实验室检查及胸部CT特征.结果:本研究中患者的平均年龄为(47.8±11)岁,男女比为1∶1.52,退休人员发病比例最高,达135例(29.5%),华南海鲜市场暴露史190例(41.6%),与COVID-19确诊患者密切接触史144例(31.5%),合并高血压病史29例(6.3%)、2型糖尿病10例(2.2%).临床表现发热312例(68.3%),高热组发热持续天数大于低热组(P0.001);干咳373例(81.6%),咳痰138例(30.2%),痰中带血10例(2.2%);气促102例(22.3%);胸闷26例(5.7%);乏力167例(36.5%);肌肉酸痛24例(5.3%);腹泻57例(12.5%);食欲减退31例(6.8%),睡眠差91例(19.9%).发病早期高热组、低热组与体温正常组比较,白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、血小板(PLT)水平明显下降(P0.05),hs-CRP水平明显升高(P0.001);高热组与低热组相比,WBC、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、LYM水平降低(P0.05),hs-CRP水平升高(P0.001).与发病早期相比,发病中期、后期的WBC、NEUT、LYM、单核细胞(MONO)及PLT水平升高(P0.05),hs-CRP水平下降(P0.001).胸部CT检查在发病早期无影像学改变11例(2.4%),单侧病变93例(20.4%),双侧病变353例(77.2%),早期病变性质常见磨玻璃影334例(74.9%)、斑片高密度影95例(21.3%);中期主要表现磨玻璃影279例(64.1%)、斑片高密度影71例(16.3%)、实变影74例(17.0%)、网格影77例(17.7%)、纤维条索影50例(11.5%);后期主要表现磨玻璃影182例(41.7%)、斑片高密度影52例(11.9%)、实变影41例(9.4%)、网格影152例(34.9%)、纤维条索影147例(33.7%)、实性结节影12例(2.8%),从发病早期至发病中期、再到后期,磨玻璃影、斑片高密度影、纵隔淋巴结增大例数逐渐减少,而实变影、网格影、纤维条索影、胸膜增厚例数逐渐增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),COVID-19患者少见的CT影像学改变为胸腔积液2例(0.4%)、气胸1例(0.2%).结论:COVID-19轻症患者大多存在明确的流行病学史,以发热、干咳、咳痰、气促、乏力为常见临床表现,发病早期发热峰值较高,WBC、LYM、PLT下降显著,在发病中期及后期逐渐恢复正常水平,胸部CT在发病早期到中期表现炎性渗出增多,病灶扩大进展,后期病灶缩小,纤维增生明显为恢复期影像学改变.     

CT磨玻璃影像改变对新型冠状病毒肺炎不同阶段的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT磨玻璃密度影(ground glass opacity, GGO)特征对新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19)不同阶段的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析襄阳市中心医院的102例COVID-19确诊患者和49例疑似患者的影像资料,比较GGO影像特征在症状发生3 d内与3 d后的诊断价值.结果:当症状出现到首次CT间隔≤3 d时,与疑似患者比较,COVID-19患者的GGO常见累及双肺、多叶,位于胸膜下、长径与胸膜平行,边缘模糊,单纯磨玻璃密度或部分实变,合并小叶内间隔增厚以及沿支气管血管束等特性,两者具有统计学差异(P0.05);而GGO是否融合两者差别无统计学意义(P=0.731).当症状出现至首次CT间隔3 d时,单纯磨玻璃密度或部分实变、小叶内间隔的增厚以及沿支气管血管束分布仍是诊断COVID-19的主要CT特征(P0.01),而其他的GGO特性对于区分COVID-19患者与疑似患者则无统计学意义(P0.05).结论:肺部CT单纯磨玻璃密度或部分实变、合并小叶内间隔增厚以及沿支气管血管束分布的GGO特征对不同阶段的COVID-19患者具有非常可靠、稳定的诊断价值.     

实验性肺纤维化HRCT表现及其病理学基础相关性研究

探讨博莱霉素(BLM)致纤维化肺组织HRCT征象与病理学改变以及血管内皮细胞(EC)功能变化间的关系,将健康SD大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组各40只。每只大鼠行HRCT扫描后,检测外周血中vWf水平,并取左下肺叶供制作病理标本。结果实验组大鼠外周血血清vWf水平均高于对照组,以3d组为著(P<0.01),以后随病程渐趋下降,但28d组仍高于对照组(P<0.05)。小叶间隔增厚、胸膜增厚、磨玻璃样影、双肺实变影及蜂窝肺优势地分布在肺的中外带,而支气管血管束增粗、结节及微结节影主要分布于肺的内中带。多数磨玻璃样影和实变影出现在3d和7d组,部分出现在14d组。多数的小叶间隔增厚、支气管血管束增粗及胸膜增厚见于7d以后。胸膜下弧线影在各组中的分布无差异。蜂窝肺均出现在14d组和28d组,以28d组为主。说明PF不同的临床病程有不同的病理改变,HRCT能较准确反应PF的病理变化,并与PF病程有一定的相关性。EC损伤与PF发生发展过程密切相关。     

32例造血干细胞移植受者肺部并发症的CT表现

目的:探讨造血干细胞移植(HSCT)受者肺部并发症的CT表现。方法:对32例HSCT受者肺部并发症的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果:21例发生已确诊或临床诊断的肺部并发症22例次:真菌性肺炎13例次,主要表现为结节和(或)团块状影,部分出现空洞,空洞内可见分隔征及空洞周围见晕征;巨细胞病毒性肺炎3例次,主要表现为磨玻璃样密度,气腔实变及网织状改变;细菌性肺炎3例次,主要表现为气腔实变及结节影;闭塞性细支气管炎1例次,表现为双肺弥漫性支气管扩张、管壁增厚;白血病肺部浸润1例次,表现为左上肺单发结节,伴晕征;肺结节病1例次,表现为纵隔及肺门淋巴结肿大,右上肺大片状气腔实变并双肺弥漫性粟粒结节。32例患者中,铺路石征3例,发生率为9.4%,该3例病人均在胸部CT检查发现铺路石征后40 d内死于呼吸衰竭。结论:本组32例HSCT受者肺部并发症的CT表现多种多样,其中空洞伴分隔征或晕征高度提示真菌性肺炎,出现铺路石征可能提示预后差。     

76例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床及CT影像特征分析

目的:回顾性分析收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者入院首诊的临床特征及CT影像表现特点,旨在为该病的诊断和治疗提供参考.方法:纳入2020年1月末至2020年2月中上旬内在武汉科技大学附属武汉市普仁医院收治的COVID-19确诊和临床诊断的患者76例,均于入院第1天就采集流行病学、胸部CT及血常规等资料.分析患者的临床表现、实验室检查及CT影像特征.结果:核酸检测(RT-PCR)阳性者34例,临床诊断病例42例.轻型及普通型患者64例,重型患者6例,危重型患者6例,其中死亡者3例.临床表现无症状者10例(13.16%),其中无症状者中与确诊为COVID-19患者有接触史者6例(6/10,60%).76例中表现为发热57例(75.00%),咳嗽51例(67.11%),乏力29例(38.16%),胸闷喘气14例(18.42%),肌肉酸痛10例(13.12%),恶心、呕吐及纳差17例(22.37%),咽痛5例(6.58%).76例患者实验室检查主要表现为淋巴细胞比率降低50例(65.79%),白细胞正常60例(78.95%),超敏C反应蛋白升高57例(75.00%),红细胞沉降率升高55例(72.37%),降钙素正常44例(57.89%),降钙素升高32例(42.11%).CT影像表现主要表现为双肺内多发磨玻璃密度影63例(82.89%),伴有混杂密度影34例(44.74%),其中主要分布于胸膜下区者50例(65.79%);病灶合并血管束增粗38例(50.00%),间质增厚57例(75.00%),胸膜增厚40例(52.63%),胸膜平行征30例(39.47%),实变影18例(23.68%),胸膜下线影22例(28.95%),空气支气管征19例(25.00%),胸腔积液5例(6.58%).结论:COVID-19患者CT表现以双肺多发磨玻璃密度影为主,常累及多个叶,以分布于胸膜下区为多,多伴有间质增厚及胸膜增厚,实验室检查主要表现为淋巴细胞降低、白细胞正常,临床表现主要为发热、咳嗽及乏力,值得重视的是有部分最后诊断为COVID-19的患者首次就诊时临床无相关症状,且多数患者与确诊COVID-19患者有密切接触史,对于这类人群应进行实验室、CT检查及核酸检测进行排查.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with