复合本源微生物驱油技术在低渗透油藏的应用研究

长庆安塞油田王窑区块已进入中高含水阶段,油藏综合含水率达到70％以上,日产油量持续下降.为寻求更有效的三次采油方法,开展了复合本源微生物驱油在低渗透油藏的应用研究.通过采油微生物菌种的筛选及性能评价、复合微生物采油现场试验,对微生物采油的影响因素和效果进行了分析.王窑区块12个注采井组现场试验年累计增油超过5 070 t,累计降水超过9000 m3,投入产出比达到1:5.9.现场试验证明,利用复合本源微生物采油能够增加低渗透油藏原油产量、提高采收率,是一种有效的增产措施.     

断块油藏高含水期水驱规律研究

大港油田油藏类型大多为断块油藏,断层多、断块小、储层非均质性强,且绝大多数已进入高含水、高采出程度阶段,目前,水驱效果不理想。为了进一步改善油藏水驱效果、提高水驱采收率,应用室内高温高压物理模拟实验、油藏数值模拟等技术手段,对断块油藏高含水开发后期的水驱油规律和特点进行了研究。结果表明：断块油藏水驱油效率随长期注水开发储层润湿性向亲水方向变化而逐渐增大;在极限含水以后,通过提高注水倍数虽然仍能提高驱油效率,但需要较长的时间和较高的耗水量。研究成果对高含水油田开发调整思路的制定具有一定的指导、借鉴作用。     

低渗透油藏暂堵酸化工艺技术研究及应用

油房庄油田属典型的低渗透油藏,储层非均质性严重,层间渗透率变异系数较大。针对油井酸化措施后,出现在增油的同时油井含水大幅度上升的问题,提出了暂堵酸化工艺技术,通过现场试验及应用,取得了较好的控水增油效果,丰富了低渗透油藏油井酸化工艺技术,对于开发低渗透油田,延长油田低含水采油期,具有重要意义。     

苏北低渗透油藏CO2驱油开发模式探讨

CO₂驱是改善低渗油藏开发效果行之有效的方法之一。针对中国石化华东油气田苏北低渗透油藏三十多年的CO₂驱油矿场实践,将华东目前注气区块按油藏特点和不同注气时机总结为4种开发模式。详细阐述了每种模式的驱油机理、适合油藏类型和典型实例。其中,深层低渗透油藏同步注气开发模式适合于深层、强水敏的低渗透油藏,能较好地补充地层能量;大倾角油藏衰竭开采后注气（吞吐）开发模式适合于大倾角、薄层且分布稳定的特低渗透油藏,可大幅度提高单井产能;高含水油藏水驱转注气开发模式适合于注水开发效果差的中高含水低渗透油藏,能有效改善水驱开发效果;二次注气开发模式适合于注气开发后再次注气的低渗透油藏,通过对开发层系、注采结构、注入方式和注入剖面的综合调整抑制气窜,可再次提高采收率。该研究成果对于低渗透油藏的CO₂驱油方式选择具有借鉴价值。     

浅层疏松砂岩稠油油藏聚合物驱矿场试验效果评价

哈萨克斯坦CB油田具有埋藏浅、胶结疏松、地下原油黏度大、地层水矿化度高、储层高孔高渗的特点,经过多年的注水开发后,地层非均质性加剧、注水波及效率低、采出程度低、综合含水高,油水关系日趋复杂,开发效果亟待改善。开展聚合物驱试验的目的是通过优选适合CB油田特征的抗盐聚合物体系,实现封堵高渗流通道、改善吸水剖面、增大水驱波及体积,达到深度调驱、提高采收率的目的。通过在油田4个井组应用聚合物复合弱凝胶实施聚合物驱试验,结果表明聚合物复合弱凝胶有较强的适应性,注聚施工后井组平均日产油量增加了21. 7 t,平均含水下降了7. 7%,降水增油效果显著,累计增油超过2×104t。建议在该油田针对不同区块的地质油藏特点精选注聚井组,通过推广应用逐步扩大注聚规模、形成集中效应,不断提升油田的开发效果。     

聚硅纳米材料在油田降压增注的应用试验研究

低渗透油藏存在注水压力高、吸水能力差等问题。利用聚硅纳米材料具有极强的憎水亲油能力和强大的吸附能力等特点,对低渗透油藏进行了岩心驱替试验、微观驱油试验。通过试验表明:用合适的聚硅纳米材料处理岩心,能够改变岩石润湿性,大幅地提高岩心的渗透率,改善注水效果,达到了降压增注的目的。     

特低渗透油藏水驱油特征实验研究

针对特低渗—超低渗油层渗流特点,选取西峰油田长8油层21块岩心,通过室内水驱油实验研究,分析了低渗透油层驱油效率与储层渗透率的关系,驱油效率与注水倍数的关系,以及驱油效率与驱替压力梯度的关系.研究结果表明,低渗透油层在渗透率较低的范围内,随渗透率的降低,驱油效率则急剧降低;随注水倍数的增加,各含水阶段驱油效率增加的幅度不同,消耗的注水量也不同;随着驱替压力梯度的提高,驱油效率均呈上升趋势.     

蒙古林油田高效开发技术

为了改善常规注水开发效果 ,在蒙古林油田通过应用以重建地质模型和剩余油分布规律研究为基础的三项稳产技术 ,即砂岩整体化学调剖为主体的“调水增油”技术、砾岩层状区横向驱替稳产技术和块状区整体加密优化注水稳产技术 ,实现了由低含水期到高含水期的相对稳产 .为同类油藏开发提供了参考模式     

敖古拉中高温油田微生物驱油可行性分析

为改善中高温油田高含水期的开发效果,针对敖古拉油田塔3井区开展了微生物驱油技术的可行性分析。依据微生物驱油的地质基础及筛选标准,敖古拉油田的地质参数和油水物性满足微生物驱油的基本条件。室内评价了2株菌Bacil-lus licheniformis TY1和Bacillus subtilis TY2的乳化性能、驱油性能和配伍性。降蜡率在10%～25%,降胶率在15%～25%,降低原油黏度50%以上。天然岩心驱油实验提高采收率5-9个百分点,具备实施微生物驱油技术的应用潜力。     

特低渗透油藏注CO_2驱参数优化研究

安塞王窑区长6储层属于特低渗透油藏,经过多年的注水开发,目前已进入中高含水期,注水开发的矛盾日益突出,进一步提高水驱采收率难度大。CO2驱在一定程度上能够弥补水驱的不足,是特低渗透油藏提高采收率的一种重要方式。以安塞王窑区长6特低渗透油藏为研究对象,分析了该区块的地质特征和注水开发中存在的问题,应用地质建模技术和油藏数值模拟技术优选了适合该试验区的CO2驱开发方式,并且进一步优化了地层压力、采油速度、水气交替时间、关井气油比和总注气量等参数。此次研究成果将为CO2混相驱现场试验流程建设、试验的实施提供基础参数,对安塞油田全面实施CO2驱油技术具有参考和借鉴作用。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to