某难处理多金属矿石综合浸出铀、铜、银试验研究

针对某难浸铀矿石,采用“氯化焙烧-硫酸浸出”工艺进行处理提取铀、铜、银。研究结果表明,最佳氯化焙烧实验条件为氯化钠用量6%,氯化焙烧温度 460 ℃,氯化焙烧时间2 h,焙烧液固比0.2∶1。对氯化焙烧后的矿样进行硫酸浸出,浸出条件为:硫酸浓度30 g/L、浸出时间30 min、浸出温度70 ℃、液固比2∶1,此时金属离子铀、铜、银的浸出率分别为铀85.08%、铜95.82%、银91.80%。     

铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣的硫酸浸出过程

针对铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣开展硫酸浸出过程研究,考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间、液固比、搅拌速度和氧化方式等因素对浸出渣渣率和金属浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:金属浸出率随硫酸浓度的增加而提高,银的溶解尤为明显;硫酸浸出渣中未溶解的铜主要以单质存在,采用空气氧化方式可以提高铜的浸出率;在最佳条件即硫酸浓度为2.7 mol/L,温度为85℃,液固比为5∶1,时间为2h,空气压力为0.1～0.2 MPa和搅拌速度为300 r/min下,硫酸浸出渣率为60.0％,Cu和Te的浸出率分别为97.65％和77.53％,Ag和Sb的浸出率分别为8.95％和2.0％.     

微波辅助预处理对玉米秸秆酶解的影响

研究了微波辅助硫酸、氢氧化钠预处理对玉米秸秆酶解糖得率的影响,并对温度、酸碱添加量、预处理时间、液固比4个因素进行了单因素试验分析。结果表明预处理的最佳条件为：微波-硫酸预处理时,温度190℃,硫酸质量浓度为10 g/L,预处理时间3 min,液固比20(硫酸体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为44.6%和30.3%;微波-氢氧化钠预处理时,温度130℃,氢氧化钠质量浓度15 g/L,预处理时间7 min,液固比30(氢氧化钠溶液体积(mL)与玉米秸秆质量(g)之比)条件下,预处理得糖率及酶解得糖率分别为1.5%和80.0%。     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

锌焙砂浸出锌、铁试验研究

为了合理开发利用锌冶金中副产铁酸锌,开发低成本短流程的节能降耗型铁酸锌制备新工艺,以广西某地冶炼厂锌焙砂为原料,采用硫酸浸出工艺,通过单因素实验,研究了硫酸初始浓度、液固比、搅拌速度、浸出温度及浸出时间等因素对锌、铁浸出效果的影响规律。结果表明,硫酸初始浓度、液固比、浸出温度和浸出时间对锌、铁的浸出影响较大;制备铁酸锌的最佳条件:硫酸初始浓度100 g/L、液固比6∶1、搅拌速度400 r/min、浸出温度75℃和浸出时间120 min。     

酸浸对钙化焙烧提钒工艺钒浸出率的影响

采用稀硫酸浸出法提取钙化焙烧后钒渣中的钒,考察了浸出参数:物料粒度、体系pH值、浸出温度和时间、液固比(L/S)、搅拌速度对钒及杂质元素浸出率的影响.结果表明:物料粒度小于75μm时对提高钒浸出率影响较小;液固比从2∶1增加到7∶1,搅拌速度由100增加到500r/min时,钒浸出率增长幅度均低于3%;钒浸出率在浸出前15min内迅速升高,之后增长变缓;浸出体系pH值对钒及杂质浸出率影响显著,pH值为2~3时钒浸出率达90%,杂质元素Ca,Mn,Mg,Al,Si,P浸出率为10%~30%;在较佳浸出条件下:粒度96～75μm,pH值为25,温度55℃,时间30min,L/S为3,搅拌速度500r/min,钒浸出率超过91%.     

废催化剂焙烧水浸渣中硫酸浸取钴的动力学研究

以废催化剂处理过程中得到的镍钴渣为研究对象,采用硫酸浸出镍钴渣,使钴和镍得到有效回收,并对硫酸浸出钴的动力学进行探讨。研究结果表明:搅拌速度为400～1200r/min时对钴浸出率的影响非常小,物料粒度、硫酸浓度和反应温度等因素对钴浸出率则有较大影响;当反应温度为80℃,反应时间为180min,原料粒度为(0.074～0.100)mm,H2SO4浓度为6mol/L,搅拌速度为800r/min,固液比为1:10时,钴的浸出率为94.2%,镍的浸出率则为93.5%;硫酸浸出镍钴渣的反应受产物层内扩散控制,表观活化能为16.34kJ/mol。     

不锈钢酸洗污泥中重金属的浸出试验研究

采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为：硫酸 >盐酸 >硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6：1、温度为30℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准.     

硬岩铀矿快速高效微生物池浸方法

与传统的酸法浸铀方法相比,微生物浸铀具有浸铀强度高、浸铀速度较快以及浸出液铀浓度较高的优势,但在微生物堆浸浸铀实践中较普遍存在不同程度的铁沉淀板结,为解决这一难题,采用某硬岩铀矿山的粒度10 mm左右、品位为0.281%铀矿石开展了池式微生物浸铀方法试验研究,改堆浸方式为池浸,采用体外繁殖浸铀细菌以生产菌液,并将传统的微生物堆浸的酸化、植菌、浸铀三个阶段合为酸性菌液浸铀一个阶段。渣计铀品位0.025%,渣计浸出率89.56%,平均铀浓度137 mg/L,最高铀浓度2 560 mg/L,浸铀时间48 d,耗酸量7.37%,浸铀总液固比8.93。该方法解决了浸出过程中的铁沉淀板结难题,并有效缩短了浸铀回次周期。     

南方某铀矿床高含泥量矿石搅拌浸出试验研究

南方某铀矿床的矿石为高含泥量碎裂花岗岩型矿石,采用常规的堆浸技术,存在渗透性差、浸出率低、浸出周期长等一系列问题.为此,本次研究通过进行搅拌浸出试验,探求合理的工艺技术参数.试验研究取得了满意的结果,通过对高含泥量碎裂花岗岩型铀矿石开展搅拌浸出试验,获得了合理的技术参数和优化条件,铀浸出率可达95%以上,为今后开展现场扩大试验打下了基础,并对该类型的铀矿石缩短浸出时间,提高铀浸出率,最大限度的提高铀资源回收率和经济效益有重要研究意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with