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1.
魏巍 《科学技术与工程》2012,12(32):8684-8686
油田聚合物驱油每年需求大量的清水以配置聚合物,而采出污水不能平衡回注到油层,这样做造成资源的浪费以及环境的污染。因此污水配制聚合物问题的研究是非常重要的。通过改变含聚污水中的矿化度、菌类、还原性物质、含油量等单一因素,研究影响聚合物黏度的各种因素。并根据各种影响因素的影响程度的不同,确定影响聚合物黏度的主要因素,从而确定含聚污水配注聚合物的可行性。  相似文献   

2.
针对大庆油田采油四厂的污水矿化度高等问题,通过模拟污水中各种离子和矿化度来研究聚合物溶液黏度的影响因素,得出水的矿化度越高,聚合溶液的黏度越低;Ca2+、Mg2+和Na+含量越高聚合物溶液的黏度越低.破乳剂、防垢剂、防蜡剂对聚合物溶液黏度无影响,絮凝剂和杀菌剂使聚合物溶液黏度降低.对于采油四厂的高矿化度污水应用电渗析法研究矿化度降低的情况.研究表明,电渗析方法可以大幅度地降低水的矿化度,并且可以有效地去除所有离子.电渗析方法处理后的淡水所配制的聚合物溶液的黏度远高于处理前的污水所配制的聚合物溶液的黏度,故处理后的淡水可以用于配制聚合物溶液.  相似文献   

3.
电渗析处理含聚合物污水研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
首次用电渗析对油田含聚合物污水进行脱盐处理 .研究了电压和流量对离子去除率的影响 :电压升高 ,去除率增大 ;流量增大 ,去除率减小 .研究了电压和流量对能耗的影响 :流量对能耗的影响很小 ,电压越高 ,能耗越大 .用降矿化度后的淡水配制的 1 0 0 0 mg/L聚合物溶液的黏度比用清水配制的高 1 1 .9m Pa· s,抗剪切性能也优于清水配制的聚合物溶液 ,因此完全可以代替清水进行聚合物驱油 .该技术能减少含聚污水外排对环境造成的污染 ,实现含聚污水的闭路循环  相似文献   

4.
生化法处理油田采出水用于配聚保黏的技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
将油田采油污水处理后替代清水用于配制聚合物溶液,既节约淡水资源,又减少污水外排.以胜利油田某区块采出水为研究对象,采用生物氧化和生物竞争抑制集成工艺,有效去除污水中的硫酸盐还原菌及硫化氢等还原性物质,使处理后的污水直接用于配制聚合物溶液.室内和现场试验结果表明:该工艺对污水COD去除率达65%以上,对硫化氢等还原性物质去除率达100%,且有效抑制SRB的活性.用处理后的污水配制的聚合物溶液黏度维持在20 mPa·s以上达20 d,达到聚驱生产要求.  相似文献   

5.
为研究大庆油田聚合物驱油过程中含聚污水配制聚合物体系对聚合物性能的影响,通过配制等浓度的驱油体系,对体系的黏度和抗剪切性能、黏弹性、稳定性、分子线团尺寸的测定,确定了含聚污水对聚合物性能的影响。结果表明:在配制浓度相同的条件下,聚合物溶液体系储能模量、损耗模量、黏度稳定性、分子线团尺寸和抗剪切性随污水含聚浓度增加而增加,清水体系性能优于污水体系性能,物化污水体系性能优于生化污水体系性能,污水中的残余聚合物具有良好的增黏性。因此含聚污水对聚合物体系性能具有一定的提升,可以作为配制聚合物的用水。  相似文献   

6.
不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液驱油效果研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目前大庆油田聚合物驱试验区主要采用清水配制污水稀释聚合物的注入方式,不同水质矿化度能够大幅度影响聚合物溶液的黏度,对于是否可以通过降低污水矿化度提高驱油效果尚未得到统一的认识。通过人造长方岩心恒压驱油实验考察了四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液等黏条件下的驱油效果。研究表明,在渗透率为900 m D岩心(岩心规格4.5 cm×4.5 cm×30 cm)中,剪前等黏70 m Pa·s等段塞大小四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物体系,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值增加3.3%;等聚合物用量条件下,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值降低2.9%;驱油段塞受地层水稀释对驱油效果的影响达1.8%。通过对比分析,明确了不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液对驱油效果影响,可以为现场进一步开展聚合物驱提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
聚合物驱后砂岩储层岩石物理特征变化机制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过样品测定、毛管压力和动静态井资料分析,对胜利油田注聚区的聚合物溶液电性特征、储层内部结构变化和注聚后的储层变化机制进行研究.结果表明:随着聚合物质量浓度的增加,混合溶液电阻率具有下降的趋势,下降幅度受聚合物溶液配制方式的影响;聚合物溶液的携带作用使聚驱前后储层表现为物性参数值变大、孔隙结构变好,见聚后由于聚合物滞留作用使孔隙结构变差,滞留聚合物质量浓度越大,孔隙结构越差;清水配制清水注入方式的聚合物驱替过程电阻率曲线呈斜躺"S"型,清水配制污水注入方式的聚合物驱替过程电阻率呈下降的趋势.  相似文献   

8.
生物接触氧化法处理油田含聚污水室内模拟实验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
在对胜利油田含聚污水水质分析和可生化性分析的基础上,在对含聚污水进行可生化性调整和生物膜的培养与训化后,运用生物接触氧化法进行了含聚污水处理现场模拟试验.监测了污水接种PM-1菌后聚丙烯酰胺的含量变化以及生化处理后污水中的油含量、悬浮物含量、CODCr、BOD5、平均腐蚀率和微生物种群随时间的变化.结果表明:经生化处理后的含聚污水基本达到回注水A级标准.由于污水中聚合物还不能被彻底降解,矿化度仍比较高,还要有相应的后处理.  相似文献   

9.
聚合物驱采油污水增黏稳黏剂SC的研制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对影响污水聚合物溶液初始黏度和稳定性的主要因素,从消除或降低其对聚合物溶液影响的角度,研制开发出了既能较大幅度提高聚合物溶液初始黏度又能使黏度保持相对稳定的采油污水增黏稳黏剂SC.孤东油田采油污水经SC处理后配成1500mg/L聚合物溶液,初始黏度提高38%以上,略高于清水配母液污水稀释聚合物溶液,40d后的黏度比污水、清水聚合物溶液分别高出85.9%和61.2%.SC处理采油污水后可以代替清水配制聚合物溶液.  相似文献   

10.
陈鹏 《科学技术与工程》2012,12(33):9023-9025
目前高浓度聚合物驱注入2 500万分子量的超高分聚合物,严重影响水处理效果。用降黏剂对高浓度聚合物驱采出污水进行降黏处理。当污水pH值为7—8,温度20—35℃,降黏剂加药量为30 mg/L,沉降时间90 min时对含聚污水进行降黏处理后。污水中的聚合物浓度由570 mg/L降低到10 mg/L,聚合物去除率达98.2%;黏度由2.0 mPa.s降低到1.0 mPa.s,降黏率为83%。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

14.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

15.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

19.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

20.
Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.  相似文献   

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