工件有到达时间的平行机分批排序问题的一个PTAS算法(英文)

研究工件有到达时间的最小化加权完工时间和的平行机分批排序问题,通过综合运用实例转换,工件分类和动态规划等方法提出了一个多项式时间近似框架.     

工件带运输时间的单机分批排序问题

主要考虑了在线和离线两种模型下的工件带运输时间的单机分批排序问题.工件一但被加工完将会被马上运往目的地.我们考虑了三种限制模型:(1)在线模型:批量B无穷大,工件的加工时间和运输时间一致,即:若工件Ji的加工时间Pi大于等于工件Jj的加工时间pj,那么它们的运输时间有qi≥qj.(2)在线模型:批量B无穷大,工件的最大运输时间和最小的运输时间的比小于等于1 平方根5/2.对于(1),(2)这两种模型我们给出了一个竞争比为1 平方根5/2的在线算法,并且这个结果是最好的.(3)离线模型:批量B有限,当工件的到达时间是整数并且加工时间P=1时,我们给出了一个时间复杂性为O(n2lnn)的多项式时间算法,当工件的加工时间不是1,但工件的到达时间的个数是一个常数m时,我们给出了一个时间复杂性为O(2m-1nlnn)的多项式时间算法.     

加工时间依赖于开工时间的单机排序问题

讨论了加工时间依赖于开工时间的单机排序问题．在这一模型中每个工件具有一个基本加工时间，当工件的开工时间超过某个共同的工期后，工件会有一个时间惩罚．本文就目标函数为极小化最大完工时间和总完工时间的问题进行了讨论，对某些特殊情况给出了多项式算法.     

具有到达时间和禁用区间的单机平行批排序

研究工件带有到达时间且机器带有可用性限制(禁用区间)的单机平行批排序问题.假设机器在一些不交的时间区间上不可用.工件以平行批的形式在机器可用的时间区间上加工,并且不可中断.一个批的加工时间是这一批中加工时间最长的工件的加工时间.对任意的正则目标函数,当工件带有到达时间且机器带有可用性限制时,给出了单机平行批排序问题的一个拟多项式时间算法.     

工件可拒绝平行机排序

考虑工件有到达时间并且可拒绝的m台无界平行批处理机最小化最大完工时间的排序问题.如果拒绝一个工件,要花费一定的惩罚费用;如果接受这个工件,在m台机器中的一台上分批加工,定义一批的加工时间为这批中所包含的最长工件的加工时间.目标函数是最小化接受工件的最大完工时间与拒绝工件的费用之和.当m是一个给定的数时,给出了这个问题的一个拟多项式时间算法和一个完全多项式时间近似方案.     

到达时间与工期同序的串行批处理机排序问题

笔者考虑的工件带有到达时间,且到达时间与工期同序、目标函数为加权误工工件数的单台串行批处理机排序问题是NP-难的,其中批处理机的容量无限。当同一批中的工件都到达后,此批才可以开始加工。同一批中工件的开始加工时间相同,批的加工时间为此批中所有工件的加工时间之和,且完工时间也相同,为这批中最后一个工件的完工时间;每批开始加工之前都有一个固定的调整时间,而批内工件间无调整时间,在批的调整时间内机器不能加工任何工件。研究工件带有2个不同到达时间,且到达时间与工期同序的情况。对于目标函数为加权误工工件数问题,分析了其最优解的性质,给出了拟多项式动态规划算法及其时间复杂性。     

工件有到达时问的平行机分批排序问题的一个PTAS算法

研究工件有到达时间的最小化加权完工时间和的平行机分批排序问题，通过综合运用实例转换，工件分类和动态规划等方法提出了一个多项式时间近似框架。     

无容量限制的批处理机时间表问题

研究无容量限制的批处理机时间表问题，在工件有到达时间和工期约束下，证明了当工件的到达时间和工期，或到达时间和加工时间一致单调时，该问题是多项式时间可解的；当加工时间和工期一致单调时，该问题是NP困难的。     

带准备时间和强制工期的单机排序问题

讨论了带准备时间和强制工期的单机排序问题. 在工件可中断、机器可空闲的条件下,确定一个工件排序,使得最大提前完工时间最小. 由于工件不允许延迟,首先考虑了问题的可行性. 通过将问题转化为一个带容量限制的有向图,并运用求解最大网络流的算法,提出了判定问题可行性的方法. 对于可行问题,给出了一个算法在多项式时间内获得最优排序.     

极小化最大完工时间及拒绝费用的单机可拒绝分批排序

首次考虑了工件可拒绝的单机分批排序问题,目标函数是极小化最大完工时间加上被拒绝工件的拒绝费用之和.对于工件同时到达的情况,本文通过动态规划算法给出了多项式时间的精确算法,借助于数据结构中的堆排序,我们将算法复杂性降低为O(n2logB).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the