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1.
The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Seawater was collected from the western Arctic Ocean for measurements of 18О, ^226Ra and ^228Ra. The fractions of river runoff and sea ice melt-water in water samples were estimated by using δ^18О-S-PО^* tracer system. The mean residence time of river water in the Canada Basin was calculated based on the relationship between ^228Ra/^226Ra)A.R. and the fractions of river runoff in the shelf and deep ocean. Our results showed that the river runoff fractions in the Canada Basin were significantly higher than those in the shelf regions, suggesting that the Canada Basin is a major storage region for Arctic river water. ^228Ra activity concentrations in the Chukchi shelf and the Beaufort shelf ranged from 0.16 to 1.22 Bq/m^3, lower than those reported for shelves in the low and middle latitudes, indicating the effect of sea ice melt-water. A good positive linear relationship was observed between ^228Ra/^226Ra)A.R. and the fraction of river runoff for shelf waters, while the ^228Ra/^226Ra)A.R. in the Canada Basin was located below this re-gressive line. The low ^228Ra/^226Ra)A.R. in the Canada Basin was ascribed to ^228Ra decay during shelf wa-ters transporting to the deep ocean. The residence time of 5.0-11.0 a was estimated for the river water in the Canada Basin, which determined the time response of surface freshening in the North Atlantic to the river runoff into the Arctic Ocean.  相似文献   

2.
Activities of234Th and nutrient concentrations in the upper 500 m water column were measured at a time-series station in the South China Sea over a time span of 12.3 d. Results showed a reduction of dissolved234Th and an overall increase of particulate234Th during the period. Meanwhile, activities of total234Th kept fairly constant, implying rapid transformation of234Th between the dissolved and particulate forms. Vertical profiles of total234Th showed evident deficit of234Th relative to238U in the upper 500 m water column. Using an irreversible steady-state model of thorium scavenging, export fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) corresponding to time pointsT 1 andT 2 were estimated to be 46.5 and 13.1 mmolC · m−2 · d−1. It was demonstrated that the estimation of POC export was greatly dependent on the POC/234ThP ratios and the bias caused by the different models of234Th scavenging, however, was considered to be of minor importance.  相似文献   

3.
The late Quaternary ice rafted detritus (IRD) events in the Chukchi Basin, western Arctic Ocean are indications of the provenance of the coarser detritus and ice export events, and also document the evolutionary histories of Beaufort Gyre and the North American Ice Sheet (NAIS). The sediment of core M03 from the Chukchi Basin was selected to study the regional response to the ice export events and the NAIS variability. The stratigraphic framework of M03 was established by a combination of lithological features and downcore color change cycles, AMS14C dating with foraminifera abundance and IRD events. The core was also compared with the adjacent core NWR 5 from the Northwind Ridge area. The core extends back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7. A sedimentary hiatus of 10–20 ka might occur between 16 to 20 cm core depth. Seven IRD events are distinguished from the studied core and are presented during the early MIS 1, MIS 3, MIS 5 and late MIS 7. These IRD are transported by sea ice and icebergs, which were exported to the Beaufort Sea from the M’Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and brought to the Chukchi Basin by the Beaufort Gyre.  相似文献   

4.
海洋沉积物岩心放射性核素的γ谱测定   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了海洋沉积物岩心的天然放射性核素^40K、^210Pb、^226rA、^228tH、^238U和人工放射性核素^137Cs,进行了不同体积样品的效率刻度,对所用直径75mm、高度5-45mm柱形样品几何条件,14种能量的γ射线,用2次多项式拟合效率随样品高度变化的相关系数R^2好于0.98,用内插的不同样品高度的效率值,进行了46.5-1460.5keV能区5-45mm高度样品的效率刻度,测量了一些沉积物岩心并就其中的一个柱样中^40K、^210Pb、^226Ra、^228Ra、^228Th、^238U和^137Cs的深度分布及其所揭示的海洋学意义进行了分析、讨论。  相似文献   

5.
以最新钻井LB1井、7个野外露头剖面及部分老井资料为依托,探讨了四川盆地北部大隆组优质页岩的平面及纵向展布规律,认为优质页岩的展布受沉积相控制,呈NW—SE走向。在广元—旺苍地区发育盆地相,泥页岩厚度较小(10~20 m);盆地相两边发育深水陆棚相,泥页岩厚度较大(20~45 m);外围依次发育浅水陆棚或斜坡相,泥页岩厚度逐渐变小(0~15 m)。从斜坡相到陆棚相,再到盆地相,呈现出灰质逐步减少,硅质含量逐渐增加的特征,泥页岩厚度呈先大(深水陆棚相)后小(盆地)的趋势。另外,对LB1井地化特征、储层微观特征开展研究,并与已突破的焦石坝、丁山、东溪地区志留系页岩对比,分析认为,四川盆地北部大隆组优质页岩具有高有机碳、高含气量、有机质类型好、成熟度适中及可压性好等特点。根据高有机碳的特点,认为无定形体有机质的广泛发育是高有机碳含量的基础,缺氧硫化环境是保存的关键。根据高含气量的特点,认为含气性和比表面积具有较好的相关性,而对比表面积贡献较大的主要是有机质含量。最后评价了中国石化矿权内大隆组勘探潜力,认为资源量较大,值得进一步开展工作。  相似文献   

6.
Disequilibria between 210Po and 210Pb in the upper water and their potential applications as a proxy of particle export and remineralization were examined in the Southern Ocean (station IV3) and the South China Sea (NS44). 210Po was deficit in surface waters but excessive relative to 210Pb in subsurface waters. Good positive correlation between 210Po and particulate organic carbon (POC) indicated deficits and excess of 210Po resulted from particulate organic matter (POM) export and remineralization respecti...  相似文献   

7.
The future trajectory of greenhouse gas concentrations depends on interactions between climate and the biogeosphere. Thawing of Arctic permafrost could release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere in this century. Ancient Ice Complex deposits outcropping along the ~7,000-kilometre-long coastline of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), and associated shallow subsea permafrost, are two large pools of permafrost carbon, yet their vulnerabilities towards thawing and decomposition are largely unknown. Recent Arctic warming is stronger than has been predicted by several degrees, and is particularly pronounced over the coastal ESAS region. There is thus a pressing need to improve our understanding of the links between permafrost carbon and climate in this relatively inaccessible region. Here we show that extensive release of carbon from these Ice Complex deposits dominates (57?±?2 per cent) the sedimentary carbon budget of the ESAS, the world’s largest continental shelf, overwhelming the marine and topsoil terrestrial components. Inverse modelling of the dual-carbon isotope composition of organic carbon accumulating in ESAS surface sediments, using Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertainties, suggests that 44?±?10 teragrams of old carbon is activated annually from Ice Complex permafrost, an order of magnitude more than has been suggested by previous studies. We estimate that about two-thirds (66?±?16 per cent) of this old carbon escapes to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, with the remainder being re-buried in shelf sediments. Thermal collapse and erosion of these carbon-rich Pleistocene coastline and seafloor deposits may accelerate with Arctic amplification of climate warming.  相似文献   

8.
Polyak L  Edwards MH  Coakley BJ  Jakobsson M 《Nature》2001,410(6827):453-457
It has been proposed that during Pleistocene glaciations, an ice cap of 1 kilometre or greater thickness covered the Arctic Ocean. This notion contrasts with the prevailing view that the Arctic Ocean was covered only by perennial sea ice with scattered icebergs. Detailed mapping of the ocean floor is the best means to resolve this issue. Although sea-floor imagery has been used to reconstruct the glacial history of the Antarctic shelf, little data have been collected in the Arctic Ocean because of operational constraints. The use of a geophysical mapping system during the submarine SCICEX expedition in 1999 provided the opportunity to perform such an investigation over a large portion of the Arctic Ocean. Here we analyse backscatter images and sub-bottom profiler records obtained during this expedition from depths as great as 1 kilometre. These records show multiple bedforms indicative of glacial scouring and moulding of sea floor, combined with large-scale erosion of submarine ridge crests. These distinct glaciogenic features demonstrate that immense, Antarctic-type ice shelves up to 1 kilometre thick and hundreds of kilometres long existed in the Arctic Ocean during Pleistocene glaciations.  相似文献   

9.
Reversed flow of Atlantic deep water during the Last Glacial Maximum   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) of the Atlantic Ocean is considered to be one of the most important components of the climate system. This is because its warm surface currents, such as the Gulf Stream, redistribute huge amounts of energy from tropical to high latitudes and influence regional weather and climate patterns, whereas its lower limb ventilates the deep ocean and affects the storage of carbon in the abyss, away from the atmosphere. Despite its significance for future climate, the operation of the MOC under contrasting climates of the past remains controversial. Nutrient-based proxies and recent model simulations indicate that during the Last Glacial Maximum the convective activity in the North Atlantic Ocean was much weaker than at present. In contrast, rate-sensitive radiogenic (231)Pa/(230)Th isotope ratios from the North Atlantic have been interpreted to indicate only minor changes in MOC strength. Here we show that the basin-scale abyssal circulation of the Atlantic Ocean was probably reversed during the Last Glacial Maximum and was dominated by northward water flow from the Southern Ocean. These conclusions are based on new high-resolution data from the South Atlantic Ocean that establish the basin-scale north to south gradient in (231)Pa/(230)Th, and thus the direction of the deep ocean circulation. Our findings are consistent with nutrient-based proxies and argue that further analysis of (231)Pa/(230)Th outside the North Atlantic basin will enhance our understanding of past ocean circulation, provided that spatial gradients are carefully considered. This broader perspective suggests that the modern pattern of the Atlantic MOC-with a prominent southerly flow of deep waters originating in the North Atlantic-arose only during the Holocene epoch.  相似文献   

10.
The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Sea is mainly due to northeast monsoon while in the central South China Sea the influence of southwest monsoon becomes more prominent. The annual primary production and export production calculated based on POC fluxes are 53.0–63.4 and 10.32–12.93 gC m-2a-1, respectively. The enhancement of POC flux during monsoon period suggest that higher palaeoproductivity or organic carbon accumulation rate in glacial age in the South Chma Sea might be the result of strengthening of the monsoons.  相似文献   

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