脱水和复水金发藓酶清除ROS系统响应机制

以生存于变水环境中的金发藓为材料，通过快速脱水和复水的方式，探究金发藓在脱水胁迫时对于活性氧的响应机制，并进一步探究苔藓植物脱水耐性特性.结果显示：（1）随着脱水时间的增长，金发藓内积累大量的活性氧物质，脱水至120 min时·O^-₂、H₂O₂和OH^-等都达到最高水平；（2）抗氧化剂SOD，CAT，APX，ASA，GSH等在脱水复水过程中均上升，复水后下降，但是GSH和ASA在120 min复水后期仍未能恢复到对照水平;（3）金发藓在应对氧化胁迫过程中，通过启动ASA-GSH代谢循环途径以应对氧化胁迫.研究表明，金发藓对于脱水环境导致的氧化胁迫具有很强的应对能力，而且在复水后在极短的时间内能恢复生命活性，金发藓有效的抗氧化代谢机制使金发藓能长期生存于多变水环境中.     

WDM-EPON中基于低成本保护结构的一种动态资源分配算法

 针对目前WDM-EPON中带宽分配和接入存在的问题,提出了一种新的低成本保护结构及动态资源分配算法,目的是降低WDM-EPON的接入成本和提高传输效率.低成本保护结构通过控制和数据信道间的快速波长切换来恢复光故障;资源分配算法的执行是在来自于非固定流量ONU的REPORT消息在ONU_<em>N-1的终端被接收到后,并同时考虑WDM-EPON中不同流量类别的ONU之间的额外带宽再分配来分配可用波长.仿真表明,作者提出的保护结构和算法不仅能够降低分级流量服务的总的端到端延迟,而且能够对工作光纤提供快速恢复机制,以降低传统保护结构的成本.     

磷再生石膏、脱硫再生石膏热性能与力学性能的变化研究

通过DSC/TG,SEM,BET,粒径分析及水化温升曲线对磷再生石膏、脱硫再生石膏热性能和力学性能的变化进行研究并分析其变化机理.结果表明,再生石膏热稳定性降低,磷再生石膏两次脱水温度分别降低4℃和2℃,脱硫再生石膏两次脱水温度也都降低2℃;再生石膏力学性能也是降低的,磷再生石膏强度降幅和吸水率增幅都较小,分别为15%~30%和22.40%,而脱硫再生石膏变化幅度较大,分别为45%~70%和76.61%,但两种再生石膏的脱水温度和力学性能几乎相同.分析表明,再生石膏热稳定性的降低是由于它具有较小的颗粒度所致,再生建筑石膏较大的比表面积、较小的粒度及颗粒分布不均是其力学性能降低的主要原因,而磷石膏较差的晶型使得其力学性能降幅较小.     

磷铝酸盐水泥早期水化过程研究

研究磷铝酸盐水泥早期水化过程,并探讨其水化机理.利用无电极电阻率测定仪(ERM)、交流阻抗谱测定仪(EIS)和水泥水化热测试仪(HHT)分析水化过程的电性能和水化放热率变化规律,并将3种测试手段相结合研究早期水化特性.研究结果表明:电性能和放热率变化可用来描述磷铝酸盐水泥早期水化进程,且可将水化进程分为溶解期、诱导期、加速期和减速期4个阶段;体系电阻率和放热量随水化程度增加而增大,其相应微分曲线变化反映了其特有的水化反应特征;而交流阻抗谱图主要表现为Nyquist图形和电阻的变化;磷铝酸盐水泥早期水化的电性能和放热率变化是其特有的水化产物和水化过程的体现.     

剩余活性污泥的超声脱水处理

分析了剩余活性污泥的超声脱水情况.研究了处理时间、电功率、pH值和絮凝剂在超声作用下的污泥脱水情况.结果表明:污泥的脱水应在低功率(以50 W为例)、短时间(7 min)内进行,最高的脱水率(相对于未超声而言)可增加约16%.酸性污泥有利于超声脱水,且先超声处理再将污泥调成酸性,污泥脱水率最高可达23%(相对于原污泥).絮凝剂和超声也有利于污泥脱水,但脱水率仅为16%.     

原子力显微镜研究糖对脂质体的稳定作用

应用原子力显微镜研究了糖类对脂质体的稳定作用,以及对形成完整磷脂双层的作用机制,获得了沉积在云母片上的干燥脂质体再水化的形貌图,证实了糖具有保持脂质体结构的功能,进一步证明了多羟基化合物有利于提高干态脂质体的物理稳定性.     

纳米SiO2对硅酸盐水泥水化放热特性的影响

以硅灰为对比,利用微量热仪研究了纳米SiO2对硅酸盐水泥24 h内水化历程、水化放热特性的影响.研究结果表明:掺入纳米SiO2的水泥试样24 h内水化历程也可划分为类似于纯硅酸盐水泥水化的5个阶段;纳米SiO2的掺入,促使诱导期、加速期和减速期的出现提前,缩短了诱导期持续的时间;提高了水化开始时的放热速率,使第二放热峰的出现提前,增大了水化放热量.     

疏浚淤泥脱水联合固化试验研究

为了实现疏浚淤泥的快速处治,以河道疏浚底泥为研究对象,采用先排水后固化的处理思路,首先在淤泥中添加絮凝剂,含水率迅速降低,在絮凝剂脱水的基础上,再加入固化剂,对固化土进行含水率、液塑限、无侧限抗压强度以及微观特性进行试验研究。结果表明:在絮凝脱水淤泥中加入水泥后含水率降低,固化龄期越长、水泥掺量越高,含水率越低;随着固化剂掺量的增加,固化土的液限逐渐降低,塑限逐渐增大,塑性指数减小,且10%水泥掺量下的淤泥固化土强度可达到136. 5 kPa和143. 4 kPa;絮凝剂对脱水的促进效果远大于其在固化时的负面效果。     

絮凝剂和溶菌酶联用促进污泥脱水性能

通过小试试验考察了絮凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺)和溶菌酶联合使用对污水厂二沉池回流污泥的脱水性能、沉降性能及絮体特性的影响,并与2种药剂单独作用时进行了对比研究.结果表明,絮凝剂和溶菌酶分别单独作用于污泥脱水时,均可改善污泥的脱水性能;但2种药剂共同作用时,能同时提高污泥沉降性能和脱水速度,且脱水程度较2种药剂单独处理时进一步提升.2种药剂联用时的最佳投加量为20 mL/L絮凝剂+0.05 g/g溶菌酶,且最优添加顺序为先絮凝剂再溶菌酶.此时污泥抽滤泥饼含水率和比阻分别为65.7%和0.8×1012 m/kg,与原泥相比下降25.3%和75.8%.通过污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)含量与污泥絮体形态分析可知,溶菌酶可以有效破坏污泥絮体结构,改变污泥EPS的分布;高分子絮凝剂的吸附架桥作用则加快了污泥过滤脱水速度.而两者联合使用增大了污泥絮体二维分形维数,可使污泥絮体结构更加细密紧实,并提高污泥可脱除水分的比例,从而提高了污泥脱水性能.研究结果表明,絮凝剂和溶菌酶联用调理污泥脱水具有较好的应用前景.     

脱水蛋白在逆境下的分子作用机制研究进展

脱水蛋白属于LEA(late embryogenesis abundant protein)Ⅱ蛋白家族,均含有K片段(EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG)．根据聚类分析和脱水蛋白的保守区域可将其分为5亚类:YnSK2,Kn, KnS,SKn和YnK．碱性YnSK2型脱水蛋白主要受干旱和脱落酸诱导表达;Kn型由低温和寒冷诱导; KnS和SKn型等酸性脱水蛋白则优先受低温诱导;Y2Kn型与植物抗寒和抗旱有关．最近的研究表明脱水蛋白在逆境下保护细胞免受伤害的作用机制主要包括:防止细胞免受脱水的作用;聚集在膜附近,稳定生物膜的结构;在低温下起防冻剂的作用;结合金属离子和清除自由基的活性等．     

Photosynthetic recovery of desiccated intertidal seaweeds after rehydration

Intertidalseaweedsusuallyexperiencehoursto daysofdesiccationduringemersionbeforebeingim mersedagainintidecycles[1].Tosomespeciesofsea weedsthedesiccationimposednegativeeffectson photosynthesisandrespiration[2—6],itcouldalsoen hancethenetphotosynthesisofmostdetectedsea weedsattheinitialphaseofthewaterlosingpro cess[5,7—12].However,littlehasbeendocumentedon therelationshipofphotosyntheticrecoverywithwater retainingability.Desiccation resistantperformancesofintertidal seaweedswereconsideredtobe…     

Photosynthetic recovery of desiccated intertidal seaweeds after rehydration

Intertidal seaweeds experience periodical desiccation and rehydration to different extents due to the tidal cycles and their vertical distributions. Their photosynthetic recovery process during the rehydration may show different patterns among the seaweeds from different zonations or depths at intertidal zone. In this study 12 species of seaweeds collected from the upper, middle, lower and sublittoral zones were examined. The relationship of the photosynthetic recovery to vertical distribution was assessed by comparing their patterns of photosynthetic and respiratory performances after rehydration following desiccation. Both the photosynthesis and dark respiration declined during emersion, showing certain degrees of recovery after re-immersion into seawater for most species, but the extents were markedly different from one species to the other. The species from upper intertidal zone after being rehydrated for 1 hour, following 2 hours of desiccation, achieved 100% recovery of their initial physiological activity, while most of the lower or sublittoral species did not achieve full recovery. It is the ability to withstand desiccation stress (fast recovery during rehydration), but not that to avoid desiccation (water retaining ability) that determines the distribution of intertidal seaweeds. Such physiological behavior during rehydration after desiccation reflects the adaptive strategy of intertidal seaweeds against desiccation and their capability of primary production in the process of rehydration.     

Anhydrobiosis: plant desiccation gene found in a nematode

When subjected to drought conditions, some organisms enter a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis, surviving for indefinite periods until rehydration allows them to resume normal metabolism. We have identified a gene in the anhydrobiotic nematode Aphelenchus avenae that is upregulated in response to desiccation stress and whose encoded protein shares sequence similarity with a late-embryonic gene that is induced in many plants when they are deprived of water. This finding suggests that animals and plants that undergo anhydrobiosis may use common protective strategies against dehydration, and provides a unifying insight into the mechanism of anhydrobiosis.     

螺旋藻抗氧化酶系统对干燥胁迫的响应

对极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)进行常温脱水处理,研究干燥胁迫对螺旋藻抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:螺旋藻超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对细胞脱水反应不敏感,脱水过程中其活性保持不变,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)能很快对干燥胁迫作出响应,两者活性均上升1倍左右,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈下降趋势.干燥胁迫30 h后各抗氧化酶活性均下降,其中POD失活.丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度在整个胁迫过程中波动较小,脱水过程中略有下降,干燥胁迫30 h后又有所上升.螺旋藻的抗氧化酶系统能抵御细胞脱水所引起的氧化伤害,其中CAT和APX的活性变化幅度可作为检验螺旋藻脱水耐受力的敏感性指标.     

Reassembly of shattered chromosomes in Deinococcus radiodurans

Dehydration or desiccation is one of the most frequent and severe challenges to living cells. The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is the best known extremophile among the few organisms that can survive extremely high exposures to desiccation and ionizing radiation, which shatter its genome into hundreds of short DNA fragments. Remarkably, these fragments are readily reassembled into a functional 3.28-megabase genome. Here we describe the relevant two-stage DNA repair process, which involves a previously unknown molecular mechanism for fragment reassembly called 'extended synthesis-dependent strand annealing' (ESDSA), followed and completed by crossovers. At least two genome copies and random DNA breakage are requirements for effective ESDSA. In ESDSA, chromosomal fragments with overlapping homologies are used both as primers and as templates for massive synthesis of complementary single strands, as occurs in a single-round multiplex polymerase chain reaction. This synthesis depends on DNA polymerase I and incorporates more nucleotides than does normal replication in intact cells. Newly synthesized complementary single-stranded extensions become 'sticky ends' that anneal with high precision, joining together contiguous DNA fragments into long, linear, double-stranded intermediates. These intermediates require RecA-dependent crossovers to mature into circular chromosomes that comprise double-stranded patchworks of numerous DNA blocks synthesized before radiation, connected by DNA blocks synthesized after radiation.     

CRTC1在食管癌中的表达及与临床病理的关系

探讨CREB转录共激活因子1（CRTC1）在食管癌组织与癌旁组织中的转录水平和翻译水平变化,及其变化与临床病理的关系。收集25例食管癌鳞癌患者的癌组织及与之配对的癌旁组织,通过qRT-PCR检测CRTC1的mRNA水平,western blot检测CRTC1的蛋白水平。在食管癌中,CRTC1蛋白表达低于癌旁组,而mRNA水平高于癌旁组;CRTC1在转录水平上与肿瘤位置和淋巴结转移有关。说明：CRTC1在食管癌中存在异常表达,CRTC1的mRNA有望用于食管癌诊断及淋巴结转移评估。     

Molecular mechanism of dehydrin in response to environmental stress in plant

Dehydrins, known as the D-11 subgroup of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein, are an immunologically distinct family of proteins, which typically accumulate in desiccation-tolerant seed embryo or in vegetative tissues in response to various environmental stresses such as drought, salinity and freezing. The existence of conservative sequences designated as K, S, and Y segments is a structural feature of dehydrins, and the K segment found in all dehydrins represents a highly conserved 15 amino acid motif (EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG) and forms an amphiphilicα-helix. According to the arrangement of these domains and clustering analysis, dehydrins are subdivided into 5 subtypes: YnSK, Kn, KnS, SKn and YnK. Different types of dehydrins are induced by different environmental stress in plants. Study results showed that dehydrins might play important protective roles under abiotic stress via a number of different mechanisms, including improving or protecting enzyme activities by the cryoprotective activity in responding to freeze/thaw or dehydration; stabilizing vesicles or other endomembrane structures by function as the membrane stabilizer during freeze induced dehydration, and preventing the membrane system from the oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen radicals as the radical scavenger. Here, the gene expression and molecular mechanisms of dehydrin in response to stress in plants are discussed.     

条斑紫菜精子囊细胞色素含量及光合活性的研究

以条斑紫菜叶状体为材料,对精子囊细胞分化过程中光合活性、色素含量的变化进行研究并与营养细胞进行比较分析.结果表明:营养细胞在色素含量以及光合活性方面均明显高于精子囊细胞,二者表现出明显的生理生化差异.在脱水及复水过程中,营养细胞和精子囊细胞表现出相似的光响应特征.两种组织在生理生化特征上的差异和相似点表明紫菜精子囊细胞在形成过程中始终保留部分营养细胞的功能,反映了紫菜精子囊细胞形成过程中细胞功能分化的原始性.     

Optimization study on the rehydration process of lyophilized human platelets

Long-term preservation of human platelets will greatly reduce the risk of their shortage. Lyophilization has been proved feasible for this purpose. For the recovery of lyophilized platelets, rehydration is an important process. In this paper, the rehydration processes for 1 mL and 2 mL samples were studied. The effects of prehydration duration (15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min) in 37°C water vapor and the concentration of rehydration solution (25%, 50%, 75%, 100% platelet-poor plasma) on the recovery rate, MPV (mean platelet volume) and PDW (platelet distribution width) were investigated. The mass changes during the prehydration process were weighed. The optimized rehydration conditions are as follows: (1) for 1 mL sample, the prehydration duration was 15 min and for 2 mL sample the prehydration duration was 90 min; (2) the rehydration solution was 75% platelet-poor plasma. Under optimized conditions, the morphology of the rehydrated platelets kept normal and their ultrastructures kept intact, their aggregation capacity to thrombin (1 U/mL) was 82.8% of the fresh ones. These results will be helpful for designing the freeze-drying protocols for human platelets.