微生物驱油数学模型

根据微生物生长动力学 ,建立了微生物生长、基质消耗和代谢产物生成方程。在考虑菌体、基质、产物扩散和吸附的基础上 ,用物质平衡方法建立了菌体、基质和产物的运移方程。以多孔介质的毛细管模型为基础 ,建立了由于微生物吸附引起的孔隙度和渗透率变化方程。考虑到微生物作用对流体性质的影响 ,建立了油、水粘度和油、气、水毛管力方程。根据黑油模型建立了三维、三相、多组分基质与产物的微生物驱油数学模型。计算结果表明 ,所建模型能较好地计算出微生物生长曲线、代谢曲线、基质消耗曲线和微生物运移浓度曲线 ,与实验值有较好的一致性。这些模型综合考虑了微生物的生化特性、微生物作用对岩石、流体性质的影响以及油、气、水的渗流规律 ,是一个比较完整的微生物驱油数学模型。     

油层法微生物采油代谢产物生成量的理论分析

为研究油层法微生物采油代谢产物提高原油采收率的能力,根据物质守恒定律及储层孔隙结构特征,建立储层中微生物代谢产物含量与微生物可利用物质含量的数学方程,分析微生物驱油机制及微生物代谢产物的化学组成,揭示微生物在储层中生长代谢有利驱油物质的能力。结果表明:利于驱油的代谢产物成分中氧原子数量较多,而储层流体中可供微生物利用以合成驱油物质的氧原子浓度相对较低,限制了含氧原子的生物表面活性剂、生物聚合物、生物气体等的生成;以烃为唯一碳源的微生物采油难以大幅度提高原油采收率;油层中微生物可利用物质的溶解度、消耗速率、流体的注入速度等均制约微生物代谢产物的产量和生成范围。     

微生物驱数值模拟研究进展

基于微生物驱采油机理,从数学模型和软件应用2个方面介绍和总结微生物驱数值模拟研究现状。由于经典微生物驱油模型(Islam模型、Zhang模型和Chang模型)不包含代谢产物组分,分别从产物主要以生物表面活性剂、生物聚合物以及其他产物模型来阐述现存模型的优缺点;主要从MTS,UTCHEM,CMG-STARS,ECLIPSE和MRST这5个方面总结微生物驱数值模拟的软件应用。当前微生物驱数学模型无法准确体现实际微生物驱油过程,均存在些许不足。因此,今后研究的重点和趋势为:1)建立完善的多孔介质空间模型来准确描述多孔介质内部孔隙结构;2)系统地研究微生物的形状尺寸对微生物运移和驱油的影响;3)建立多因素、多组分耦合影响下的微生物驱数学模型。     

微生物提高采收率微观机制

在模拟油藏条件下,利用微观仿真平板模型和分支盲孔模型,对水驱、微生物驱油过程中剩余油形态及流动现象进行显微观察和分析,研究微生物驱油和置换盲孔内剩余油的微观机制;利用动态扩张黏弹性流变试验,定量考察菌体本身及生物表面活性物质对油水界面膜的作用及对原油流动能力的改善作用.结果表明:微生物通过降解原油和代谢产生生物气体、生物表面活性物质等改变剩余油形态及分布;微生物驱具有气驱、气液界面滑动和剥离油膜等微观驱油方式;生物气能够在生物活性物质的辅助作用下,进入水驱、聚驱、气驱都无法波及的盲孔,置换出其中的剩余油;微生物菌体本身具有界面活性,能与代谢活性产物共同降低油水界面膜强度,提高原油流动能力.     

微生物水驱传输组分模型

微生物驱油是一种经济有效的三次采油方法.针对微生物在水油性油藏传输驱油的问题进行渗流数学理论研究.根据石油微生物学的多孔介质中微生物传输作用机制,首先建立了适合于两种微生物多种组分相互作用的组分模型.利用数值模拟理论,研制了油藏数值模拟组分模型模拟器,从而为微生物驱油的油田开发问题研究提供了理论方法和数值模拟工具.该模型除考虑水、油特性外,全面考虑了微生物的生长与衰竭、微生物间的竞争排它作用、诱导与阻遏作用、产物的增溶、降解等化学反应,扩散、沉浮、吸附等等.模拟组分为12个,是一个完善、实用的组分模型模拟器.模拟结果表明,该模型模拟器具有较强的功能,深入细致地反映了微生物的传输运移机制和各个组分的物理化学反应规律.可对微生物驱油的各类问题进行研究.     

黑曲霉C71分批发酵动力学模型的构建

以黑曲霉C71为出发菌株,分批发酵生产木聚糖酶,在发酵过程中每隔8h取样,测定菌体细胞浓度、总糖与还原糖含量和木聚糖酶活力,探讨了发酵过程中菌体生长、产物合成及基质消耗的特性.基于Logistic和Luedeking-Piret方程,建立了描述黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程的菌体生长动力学模型、产物合成动力学模型、基质消耗动力学模型.结果表明,模型计算值与实验数据拟合良好,基本反映了黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程的动力学特征.黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程中菌体生长与产物合成属于部分生长偶联型.     

高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型研究

在对高温氮气泡沫驱油作用机理进行研究的基础上,建立了高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型.该模型考虑了低界面张力体系驱油机理、泡沫封堵机理等.其中泡沫剂的运移方程充分考虑了对流、弥散及表面活性剂损失等机理.对该模型进行了自适应隐式方法数值求解.通过对实际的高温泡沫生产井进行历史拟合,可以看出,高温氮气泡沫驱油数学模型正确反映了热力采油和泡沫驱油的作用机理,具有较高的可靠性.     

油、气、水三相水平井流人动态预测模型及其应用

目前关于水平井流入动态(IPR)的研究仅限于溶解气驱的情况,还没有适合于油、气、水三相和整个油藏压力范围的水平井IPR模型。首先对现有的4种溶解气驱IPR方程进行了筛选,以Cheng和刘想平的方程为基础,建立了适用于油藏压力高于饱和压力的不含水组合型水平井IPR模型。采用纯油与纯水IPR曲线加权平均得到综合IPR曲线的方法,将组合型IPR方程扩展到油、气、水三相的情况,建立了适用于油、气、水三相和整个油藏压力范围的水平井IPR模型,并对水平井流入动态预测计算方法进行了研究。利用该模型可以计算采液指数、产量和井底流压以及绘制IPR曲线等。模型及软件已应用于大庆肇州油田低渗水平井的流入动态预测,效果良好。     

油、气、水三相水平井流入动态预测模型及其应用

目前关于水平井流入动态(IPR)的研究仅限于溶解气驱的情况，还没有适合于油、气、水三相和整个油藏压力范围的水平井IPR模型。首先对现有的4种溶解气驱IPR方程进行了筛选，以Cheng和刘想平的方程为基础，建立了适用于油藏压力高于饱和压力的不含水组合型水平井IPR模型。采用纯油与纯水IPR曲线加权平均得到综合IPR曲线的方法，将组合型IPR方程扩展到油、气、水三相的情况，建立了适用于油、气、水三相和整个油藏压力范围的水平井IPR模型，并对水平井流入动态预测计算方法进行了研究。利用该模型可以计算采液指数、产量和井底流压以及绘制IPR曲线等。模型及软件已应用于大庆肇州油田低渗水平井的流入动态预测，效果良好。     

烃降解型微生物强化水驱提高原油采收率微观机制研究

借助微观透明模型建立微观模拟驱油试验系统。以烃降解菌株Rhodococcus ruber Z25和Bacillus cereus Z31为出发菌株,通过物理模拟驱油实验考察了多孔介质中水驱原油的特点及残余油的分布形式：残余油主要以油条和油珠的形式滞留于孔隙介质中;以油膜形式附着在骨架表面;在喉道转角处水流速度为零的＂驻点＂部位。通过静置培养观察了多孔介质中水驱后油藏微生物降解原油及微生物富集的状态,微生物由单菌体形成油水界面处的菌胶团结构。通过研究后续水驱作用下残余油的驱替特征表明,微生物菌胶团、松散的油相与驱替液水相彼此裹挟,沿驱替压力方向运移。本研究揭示了烃降解微生物驱油的微观机制,为微生物采油从实验室走向矿场实践奠定了理论基础。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.