基于原子力显微镜微探针的新型超灵敏传感器

近年来基于原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)微探针发展的新型超灵敏传感器引起了研究人员的极大兴趣,已成为这一研究领域的前沿方向之一.基于AFM微探针的新型传感器主要是利用AFM的高分辨率、可以测定极微弱的力和AFM微探针悬臂对极微弱力敏感等特性.如利用AFM的高分辨率的特性,通过测定样品表面覆盖度、高度等的变化,发展了新型免疫传感器、DNA传感器等;利用AFM可以测定极微弱的力,通过测定分子对间的相互作用,发展了各种新型微探针力传感器;利用AFM微探针悬臂的对极微弱力敏感,将分子识别反应的力学信号转化为AFM探针微悬臂的纳米机械响应,发展了形式多样的新型化学、生物传感器.文中从AFM微探针信号转换原理的角度分类综述了这一前沿研究方向的重要进展.     

基于原子力显微镜微探针的新型超灵敏传感器

近年来基于原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy, AFM)微探针发展的新型超灵敏传感器引起了研究人员的极大兴趣，已成为这一研究领域的前沿方向之一．基于AFM微探针的新型传感器主要是利用AFM的高分辨率、可以测定极微弱的力和AFM微探针悬臂对极微弱力敏感等特性．如利用AFM的高分辨率的特性，通过测定样品表面覆盖度、高度等的变化，发展了新型免疫传感器、DNA传感器等；利用AFM可以测定极微弱的力，通过测定分子对间的相互作用，发展了各种新型微探针力传感器；利用AFM微探针悬臂的对极微弱力敏感，将分子识别反应的力学信号转化为AFM探针微悬臂的纳米机械响应，发展了形式多样的新型化学、生物传感器．文中从AFM微探针信号转换原理的角度分类综述了这一前沿研究方向的重要进展．     

用原子力显微镜观察薄带断面的实验方法

介绍了用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察厚度为几十μm的薄带断口形貌的实验方法.其主要技术是利用AFM的反馈系统来寻找μm量级的断面,从而实现薄带断口形貌的分析.将利用该方法得到的Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9薄带断口的AFM图像与其通常的薄带表面的AFM图像进行比较,发现通过断口的AFM形貌观测可获得不同于表面观测的薄带内部结构的信息,是研究薄带介观结构的一种有效方法.     

戊二醛对原子力显微镜观测大肠杆菌的影响

戊二醛作为生物材料的固定剂,在原子力显微镜(AFM)制样中已广泛使用.虽然已有用戊二醛观测大肠杆菌的文献报道,但到目前为止,关于戊二醛在AFM观测大肠杆菌中的作用还缺乏系统研究.首先分析AFM扫描图像的假像,进而探讨戊二醛的浓度和固定时间对AFM图像质量和大肠杆菌表面形貌的影响.结果表明,戊二醛的浓度和固定时间对AFM图像的清晰度、大肠杆菌的微观结构以及细胞的三维尺寸都有着重要影响.在相同固定条件下所扫描的AFM图像与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像对比发现,两者的形貌相似,而AFM图像比SEM图像分辨率更高,在定量分析上也更有优势.     

戊二醛对原子力显微镜观测大肠杆菌的影晌

戊二醛作为生物材料的固定剂,在原子力显微镜（AFM）制样中已广泛使用．虽然已有用戊二醛观测大肠杆菌的文献报道,但到目前为止,关于戊二醛在AFM观测大肠杆菌中的作用还缺乏系统研究．首先分析AFM扫描图像的假像,进而探讨戊二醛的浓度和固定时间对AFM图像质量和大肠杆菌表面形貌的影响．结果表明,戊二醛的浓度和固定时间对AFM图像的清晰度、大肠杆菌的微观结构以及细胞的三维尺寸都有着重要影响．在相同固定条件下所扫描的AFM图像与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像对比发现,两者的形貌相似,而AFM图像比SEM图像分辨率更高,在定量分析上也更有优势．     

Research progress in quantifying the mechanical properties of single living cells using atomic force microscopy

The advent of atomic force microscopy （AFM） provides a powerful tool for investigating the behaviors of single living cells under near physiological conditions. Besides acquiring the images of cellular ultra-microstruc- tures with nanometer resolution, the most remarkable advances are achieved on the use of AFM indenting tech- nique to quantify the mechanical properties of single living ceils. By indenting single living cells with AFM tip, we can obtain the mechanical properties of cells and monitor their dynamic changes during the biological processes （e.g., after the stimulation of drugs）. AFM indentation-based mechan- ical analysis of single cells provides a novel approach to characterize the behaviors of cells from the perspective of biomechanics, considerably complementing the traditional biological experimental methods. Now, AFM indentation technique has been widely used in the life sciences, yielding a large amount of novel information that is meaningful to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the cellular biological functions. Here, based on the authors＇ own researches on AFM measurement of cellular mechani- cal properties, the principle and method of AFM indentationtechnique was presented, the recent progress of measuring the cellular mechanical properties using AFM was summa- rized, and the challenges of AFM single-cell nanomechani- cal analysis were discussed.     

基于原子力显微术的肿瘤细胞生物物理特性研究

给出原子力显微术(AFM)在活细胞表面超微结构成像和生物力学特性检测的技术方案,概述了AFM在肿瘤细胞生物物理特性研究的最新进展及其重要意义.     

Progress of AFM single-cell and single-molecule morphology imaging

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can probe single living cells and single native membrane proteins in natural fluid environments with label-free high spatial resolution. It has thus become an important tool for cellular and molecular biology that significantly complements traditional biochemical and biophysical techniques such as optical and electron microscopy and X-ray crystallog-raphy. Imaging surface topography is the primary application of AFM in the life sciences. Since the early 1990s, researchers have used AFM to investigate morphological features of living cells and native membrane proteins with impressive results. Steady improvements in AFM techniques for imaging soft biological samples have greatly expanded its applications. Based on the authors’ own research in AFM imaging of living cell morphologies, a review of sample preparation procedures for single-cell and single-molecule imaging experiments is presented, along with a summary of recent progress in AFM imaging of living cells and native membrane proteins. Finally, the challenges of AFM high-resolution imaging at the single-cell and single-molecule levels are discussed.     

基于AFM纳米加工机理和方法的研究进展

作者介绍了近期基于AFM纳米加工方法的最新研究进展，探讨了AFM纳米加工过程中的机理，重点分析了利用AFM针尖诱导表面氧化，针尖诱导表面改性，纳米刻蚀加工，纳米化学反应，单分子，单原子操纵及纳米结构组装等6种基于AFM的纳米加工方法，为今后纳米信息产品的研究和开发奠定了基础，纳米加工技术是一门综合性的交叉学科，研究内容涉及到物理学、化学、生物学、材料学以及机械学等许多方面，文中不仅指出了理阶段研究中存在的问题，并提出了今后需要重视的研究方向。     

基于AFM推动的纳米棒建模与操作

研究了AFM推动作用下纳米棒的运动情况,引入了与速度相关的黏滞摩擦力,建立了纳米棒体的运动学模型.在运动学模型的基础上,针对AFM单探针及纳米环境操作不确定性问题,对AFM探针操作参数的设置进行了讨论,提出了虚拟纳米手Z字形稳定操作策略.仿真及实验结果表明:纳米棒的运动学模型能够实时预测推动操作后棒体的瞬心位置,虚拟纳米手Z字形操作策略能够将棒体的位置误差限制在规定误差范围内,实现了纳米棒的稳定、定姿态操作.     

Spintronic materials and devices based on antiferromagnetic metals

In this paper, we review our recent experimental developments on antiferromagnet (AFM) spintronics mainly comprising Mn-based noncollinear AFM metals. IrMn-based tunnel junctions and Hall devices have been investigated to explore the manipulation of AFM moments by magnetic fields, ferromagnetic materials and electric fields. Room-temperature tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance based on IrMn as well as FeMn has been successfully achieved, and electrical control of the AFM exchange spring is realized by adopting ionic liquid. In addition, promising spin-orbit effects in AFM as well as spin transfer via AFM spin waves reported by different groups have also been reviewed, indicating that the AFM can serve as an efficient spin current source. To explore the crucial role of AFM acting as efficient generators, transmitters, and detectors of spin currents is an emerging topic in the field of magnetism today. AFM metals are now ready to join the rapidly developing fields of basic and applied spintronics, enriching this area of solid-state physics and microelectronics.     

用构造专用接口方法实现AUTOCAD与CAPP系统联接

在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ１１．０版实体造型模块的基础上，开发了一个用于箱体类零件的特征造型系统ＡＦＭ，并通过ＡＦＭ生成的特征数据文件进行数据交换，实现了ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ与ＴＪＥＸＣＡＰＰ系统的联接，本文介绍了该系统总体结构，并对系统开发中的主要问题进行了讨论。     

煤表面结构介观表象的原子力显微镜(AFM)观测

针对煤复杂的表面结构,运用原子力显微镜(AFM)观测介观尺度下煤表面特征的研究方法,对煤表面形貌进行了初步观测,获得煤样的二维和三维表面形貌图,并进行了煤表面的粒度、粗糙度及功率谱分析.分析结果表明:幅度参数是表征煤样表面粗糙度的特征参数之一;利用功率谱密度有助于分析煤表面的分形特征,将AFM用于煤的表面结构特征研究,为研究煤表面介观特征提供了新的研究方法.     

CAPP框架系统的抽象功能模型

抽象功能模型是与具体应用基本无关的功能模型 ,它可以在使用时由用户定义成具体的功能实例 ,是 CAPP框架系统 (CAPPFS)的重要部分。讨论抽象功能模型的类型 ,提出抽象功能模型本体和功能基库的结构形式 ,研究抽象功能模型本体及工艺设计领域中工步排序和组合优化等功能基的实现技术。实现功能模型可配置化 ,对于解决 CAPP系统的适应性问题 ,具有很重要的意义     

基因转运载体的原子力显微镜研究

通过原子力显微镜观测阳离子脂质体及其与DNA复合物的结构。将一定量的阳离子脂质体以及阳离子脂质体／DAN复合物滴加到新解理的云母片上,干燥后用原子力显微镜观测。结果表明,阳离子脂质体在云母片上形成的颗粒为球形或椭圆形,粒径分布较为均匀;阳离子脂质体／DNA复合物在云母片上的颗粒形状不规则,粒径分布不均且比空白脂质体的粒径大。通过原子力显微镜可以快速有效地观测脂质体以及脂质体／DNA复合物的粒径、表面形态等,为分析脂质体的物理化学性质与基因转运效率的关系提供了一种研究方法。     

原子力显微镜观测DNA分子的表面沉积与扩展

原子力显微镜具有原子级分辨率,能够对生物样品进行观察.用原子力显微镜观察了DNA分子在Si、云母片及修饰过的云母片表面的沉积与扩展,对3种情况作了比较,用超声振荡方法可以有效地切断DNA分子链.     

A novel colloid probe preparation method based on chemical etching technique

Several fundamental problems in hydrophobic force measurements using atomic force microscope (AFM) are discussed in this paper. A novel method for colloid probe preparation based on chemical etching technology is proposed, which is specially fit for the unique demands of hydrophobic force measurements by AFM. The features of three different approaches for determining spring constants of rectangular cantilevers, including geometric dimension, Cleveland and Sader methods are compared. The influences of the sizes of the colloids on the measurements of the hydrophobic force curves are investigated. Our experimental results showed that by selecting colloid probe with proper spring constant and tip size, the hydrophobic force and the complete hydrophobic interaction force curve can be measured by using AFM.     

应用激光光杠杆式原子力显微镜研究光学及超光滑表面微轮廓

论述了应用激光光杠杆式原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）研究光学和超光滑表面微轮廓的特点和优点,指出运用ＡＦＭ方法可得出干涉法等其他方法不能得出的光学表面许多信息,是测试光学和超光滑表面形貌和微轮廓的一个重析新发展。