利用煤镜质组反射率分布图计算其镜质组含量

将已知与未知镜质组含量的煤样按固定比例配制成混煤后测定其镜质组反射率,在得到的反射率分布图上,剥离出其中各单煤的反射率分布峰,依据峰面积之比推导出未知煤样的镜质组含量,即可在不增加测定工作量的情况下,同时得到测定煤的镜质组反射率数据与镜质组含量数据.目前这一方法仅限于测定煤为单煤的情况.     

开滦煤煤岩分离及岩相分析的试验研究

对开滦集团下属煤矿的东欢坨矿业公司、崔家寨矿业公司、荆各庄矿业公司及林南仓矿业公司共4种煤样进行了煤岩分离实验,通过岩相分析,测定其分离效果。结果表明镜质组含有含量丰富且含有较多的大块结构,而惰质组多嵌生与镜质组中,且壳质组及矿物质含量较高,故镜质组分离效果较好,而惰质组分离效果不理想。     

开滦煤煤岩分离及岩相分析的试验研究

对开滦集团下属煤矿的东欢坨矿业公司、崔家寨矿业公司、荆各庄矿业公司及林南仓矿业公司共4种煤样进行了煤岩分离实验,通过岩相分析,测定其分离效果.结果表明镜质组含有含量丰富且含有较多的大块结构,而惰质组多嵌生与镜质组中,且壳质组及矿物质含量较高,故镜质组分离效果较好,而惰质组分离效果不理想.     

神东矿区煤的煤岩组分特征

应用煤岩学方法研究了神东矿区3个矿的煤岩组分特征,尤其过渡组分(半镜质组、半丝质体和粗粒体-1)特征.结果表明,煤中过渡组分与镜质组的平均含量相当,二者之和约占总量的90%;各过渡组分平均最大反射率均小于1.50%.惰质组含量与镜质组含量具有相互消长的趋势.     

用煤岩学方法分析比较山东张庄气煤和河南平顶山九矿气煤的粘结性

本文介绍对山东张庄煤和河南平顶山九矿煤所进行的对比实验研究——工业分析,元素分析,测定岩相组成、罗加指数、奥亚膨胀度及热失重;重点用罗加指数讨论了两矿煤的活性组分,镜质组、稳定组的粘结性差异,得出了同属气煤牌号的平九煤的质量优于张庄煤的结论。但由于活性组分含量是张庄煤高于平九煤,故张庄煤的粘结性比平九煤好。实验对武钢用河南气煤代替山东气煤有参考价值。     

开滦煤显微组分结构特征与吸附CO的关系

为了研究开滦煤中显微组分(惰质组和镜质组)的微观结构和分子特征,利用离心分离技术,得到纯度较高的富镜质组和富惰质组煤样,并对其进行煤质分析、煤岩分析、孔径分布以及红外光谱分析,得出开滦煤中惰质组含量较高,孔隙结构发育,主要以过渡孔和微孔为主,占煤的总孔隙体积数的90%以上,对煤样吸附CO起主导作用;同时氧含量较高,其中含氧官能团羟基(—OH),尤其是酚羟基对煤吸附CO有较大影响,成功的解释了开滦煤层发生CO体积分数长期超标但未曾自燃的现象,     

煤中正构烷烃的生成动力学实验研究

利用多冷阱热解气相色谱仪研究了美国(TA)和印度尼西亚(MK)典型的腐殖煤样品,镜质组反射率Ro分别为0.50%和0.57%.研究对象为n-C7～n-C28之间的正构烷烃.利用恒温热解推导出煤产生正构烷烃的反应级数;利用程序升温热解计算出煤产生正构烷烃的表观活化能及频率因子.煤样MK生成正构烷烃的反应可用单一生烃母体的一级反应拟合;而煤样TA可用两个生烃母体的一级反应拟合.两煤样生成正构烷烃的活化能在46.1～55.1 kcal1)/mol之间.总的来说,煤样MK随着正构烷烃碳数的增加其生成活化能降低,活化能的分布较宽,而煤样TA则不具有上述特征.     

大佛寺4~#煤水热处理结果对煤润湿性的指示意义

为核定低煤阶镜煤和暗煤的润湿性及主要控制因素,采集大佛寺4~#煤样品并剥离出镜煤和暗煤,进行显微组分分析、工业分析、接触角测定、吸水速率测定、核磁共振测试,并测定不同温度水热处理后样品工业组分、元素含量,分析水热处理煤的分子结构变化,明确镜煤和暗煤的润湿性差异及主要控制因素。结果表明大佛寺4~#煤镜煤相较于暗煤,镜质组、壳质组含量高,挥发分、水分高,而惰质组、矿物质含量低、灰分低,并且H、O含量较高。镜煤和暗煤均表现亲水性,但暗煤的灰分更高,润湿性更好,自由水/结合水呈过渡态,灰分是影响大佛寺4~#煤润湿性的关键因素。水热处理温度增高,煤的灰分、水分、挥发分皆下降,H/C变化不大,O/C降低。煤的低温水热提质本质是减弱煤分子间二级结构的缔合作用,促进灰分重力沉降和羟基等含氧官能团分解脱除,增强煤的疏水性。     

神府煤不同煤岩组分光氧化产物分析

在紫外光照射下,用氧气对神府原煤(SFYM)、神府镜煤(SFJM)和神府丝炭(SFST)在平板光催化反应器内进行光催化氧化研究。分别在氧化0.5,1,1.5,2,4,6,8,10,12和14h时取样。对样品做元素分析、腐殖酸产率测定和FTIR分析。分析表明,不同煤岩组分光氧化煤样中氧元素的含量随着氧化时间增加先增加后减小;碳含量和氮含量随着氧化时间增加,总体上呈减小的趋势,氢含量基本保持不变;氮元素主要富集在SFJM中。腐殖酸产率的测定进一步发现,光氧化产物中腐殖酸的产率SFYM>SHJM>SFST,SFST的存在有利于提高煤的光催化氧化反应性。     

甘肃潮水盆地高硫煤成因浅析

潮水盆地成煤期为早中侏罗世,煤炭资源较丰富,但煤中硫含量偏高,尤以盆地东北缘的红沙岗煤田为最,主采煤层硫含量2.12%一7.79%,单个煤样高达11.58%。此外,各煤层的镜质组含量均高达80%以上(惰性组很少)。这种大面积分布的高硫、高镜质组煤,在西北地区侏罗纪煤中实属罕见。本文以红沙岗煤田为例,通过分析部分钻探、物探资料,观察煤的宏观、微观特征,统计计算煤岩煤质参数间的相关系数,从煤的沉积背景、煤相以及主要煤岩、煤质参数的相关规律等角度,提出对该煤的成因认识。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.