UASB反应器中高效能厌氧产酸污泥颗粒化的研究

在产酸ＵＡＳＢ反应器中，以配制葡萄糖废水为基质能够快速培养得到高活性、高沉降性的厌氧产酸颗粒污泥，形成高效能的产酸颗粒污泥床，反应器体积有机负荷达２１０ｇＣＯＤ／Ｌ·ｄ时，酸化率为９３％；观察研究了产酸污泥颗粒化过程中生物相和气体成分的变化规律，得出了产酸污泥颗粒化的主要控制条件是在反应器启动初期控制反应器内的ＰＨ为４．０左右；最后，探讨并提出了产酸污泥颗粒化机理．     

UASB＋AF反应器处理针织印染废水起动过程的研究

以生产性针织印染废水为基质，将七种高效脱色菌及紫色非硫光合细菌固定在活性污泥载体上，投加至ＵＡＳＢ＋ＡＦ反应器中，在常温下起动成功，培养出颗粒污泥。培养条件：水温２０～２３℃；ｐＨ值７．２～７．５；容积负荷０．５ｋｇ，ＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３．ｄ～５．０ｋｇ，ＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３．ｄ；水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）由３１ｈ缩短至１０ｈ；色度去除率９０％以上，ＣＯＤ去除率７０％以上。     

厌氧颗粒污泥流化床处理有机废水的运行特性

提出了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床工艺（简称ＡＧＳＦＢ）．在成功培养出颗粒污泥的基础上,以葡萄糖为基质,全面探讨了ＡＧＳＦＢ处理有机废水的运行效果、产气率、污泥表观产率系数及反应器的耐冲击性能等．结果表明,ＡＧＳＦＢ反应器具有很高的处理效率．水力停留时间ＨＲＴ为４９ｈ,进水化学需氧量ＣＯＤｃｒ＝３２４０ｇ／Ｌ,有机负荷为１５９ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ）时,反应器的有机物去除率仍保持在７５６％以上．ＡＧＳＦＢ对温度降低、负荷提高、短期的低ｐＨ值和有机酸冲击均表现出良好的耐受能力     

UASBF处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及颗粒污泥培养

研究了上流式厌氧复合床反应器(UASBF)处理垃圾渗滤液的启动及CODCr负荷、pH、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)对污泥颗粒化过程的影响。实验表明,最佳启动温度在35±1℃,进水pH 6.8,CODCr质量浓度1000～1200mg.L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)48h,容积负荷0.5kgCODCr.m-3.d-1。根据处理效果不断增加反应器的容积负荷,缩小HRT。经过150天运行,完成了污泥颗粒化。进水CODCr质量浓度3500mg.L-1,容积负荷7.6kgCODCr.m-3.d-1,产气量14.8L.d-1,CODCr去除率69%。颗粒污泥形状不规则,一般为球形或椭球形,粒径为1～2mm。     

烟气预处理废水厌氧生物还原的工艺特性

针对微生物烟气脱硫工艺的工业应用问题,设计了容积为96L的上流式厌氧污泥床反应器并用于烟气预处理废水的生物还原.用硫酸盐溶液模拟废水,葡萄糖作为硫酸盐还原菌的碳源,在pH=6.0的条件下启动反应器.在反应器内形成成熟颗粒污泥的基础上考察了水力停留时间、进水负荷波动和设备应急停运对反应器性能的影响.结果表明:接种厌氧污泥30 d即成功启动反应器,在加入厌氧污泥后获得了成熟的颗粒污泥;适宜停留时间为12 h;反应器停运20 d,经7 d再次启动成功.该工艺可满足生产中进水浓度波动或间歇性的处理需求.     

UASB反应器处理低浓度有机废水的机理研究

研究了６．５ＬＵＡＳＢ反应器在常温下处理低浓度有机废水的启动、运行和基质降解动力学．研究表明：当污水水温大于１５℃时，运行２０ｄ后出现颗粒污泥，４６ｄ基本上完成反应器的启动．在水温为１５～２９℃下运行，水力停留时间在３～８．７ｈ，ＣＯＤ去除率可达７１．９％～８８．５％．对反应器建立基质降解动力学模型，在平均温度为１７．２℃，２２．３℃和２６．４℃下减速增长速度常数Ｋ２分别为１．８９×１０－３，２．４０×１０－３和２．７７×１０－３Ｌ／ｍｇＶＳＳ·ｄ．     

利用AB技术处理高浓度石油化工废水的研究

本文利用ＡＢ法废水生物处理技术进行治理高浓度石油化工废水的试验研究，通过ＡＢ法和普通活性污泥法处理高浓度石油化工废水对比性试验，系统地考察了两种方法的进水负荷、耐冲击负荷、活性污泥性状和处理效率等指标。研究结果表明：ＡＢ法在进水ＣＯＤ为１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＯＤ５为８００ｍｇ／Ｌ，苯酚浓度为６００ｍｇ／Ｌ，总容积负荷为１２ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３ｄａｙ的条件下，ＣＯＤ去除率为９６．５％，ＢＯＤ５去除率达９     

多孔高分子载体AFB反应器废水处理效率影响因素的研究

对影响多孔高分子载体厌氧流化床反应器废水处理效率的部分因素进行了研究,结果表明：进水ＣＯＤ浓度３１２０－１１０００ｍｇ／ｌ,水为停留时间为１－３ｈ。有机容积负荷高达９０－１５０ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３．ｄ时,ＣＯＤ去除率保持在９０％左右;床层最佳膨胀率为３０％－３５％。     

新型高效三相分离器的研究

三相分离器是ＵＡＳＢ反应器的重要组成部分。本文叙述了一种新型高效三相分离器的研究情况。常温下（２０～３０℃）采用人工合成葡萄糖废水与装有传统结构三相分离器的ＵＡＳＢ反应器作平行实验。小型试验结果表明，在保证沉淀区固、液分离的条件下，影响分离器效率的主要因素是产气量，传统结构在有机负荷高于１５ｋＲＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３·ｄ时，即会出现污泥流失而导致工艺失败，而采用新型结构三相分离器，预先排除大部分气体，即使有机负荷高达５０ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ￣３·ｄ，水力停留时间低主２小时仍能稳定运行。新型三相分离器结构简单，易于推广，具有很大的实用价值。     

电渗析法处理味精废水

用电渗析－ＢＡＲ厌氧生物反应器对味精废水进行处理,结果表明,用电渗法能有效去除经预处理后的味精废水的氯离子,通过能耗和脱除率的综合比较,选定电渗析的隔离流速为３．４ｃｍ／ｓ,当脱盐率大于７０％（即ρ（Ｃｌ＾－１）〈６ｇ／Ｌ,每处理１ｔ废水耗电约１．８３ｋＷ．ｈ,脱氯后的废水,用ＢＡＲ厌氧生物反应器在中温（３５℃）条件下处理,当反应器的ＣＯＤｃｒ容积负荷小于１４ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达９０％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-