多重分形去趋势波动分析的振动信号故障诊断

针对基于配分函数的多重分形分析不利于局部标度特性突显的问题,把多重分形去趋势波动分析(MF-DFA)方法引入到振动诊断领域,提出对振动信号进行多重分形谱参数(|B|,α0,Δα和Δf)故障特征分析,并将α0用于故障诊断.首先分析了振动信号的多重分形特性;然后提取振动信号的4种多重分形谱参数特征,并进行了比较;最后用支持向量机算法实现振动故障诊断.研究表明:去除趋势后,振动信号的波动呈现显著多重分形特征,正常状态振动信号的α0明显大于故障状态,而振动信号的|B|,Δα和Δf特征变化规律则不明显;α0作为故障特征量,能有效地区分正常状态与故障状态,有效实现了振动故障诊断.     

中国地区相对湿度与温度多分形特征对比分析

应用多分形去趋势涨落分析(MF-DFA)方法, 研究了中国地区相对湿度和温度序列的多分形特征差异, 并对比分析了其对应的奇异谱3个参数(奇异谱宽度Δα、奇异谱不对称性Δα_as和长程相关性α₀)的特征。结果表明: 1) 相对湿度序列的多分形强度弱于温度序列; 2) 相对湿度序列多分形性强的地区与温度序列有较大差异, 前者主要位于我国西南地区, 后者主要在华南和黄河以北地区; 3) 相对湿度序列的多分形不对称性强于温度序列; 4) 相对湿度序列的奇异谱均为左偏, 温度序列则基本是对称的; 5) 相对湿度序列的长程相关性大于温度序列。奇异谱的3个特征参数的组合完整地刻画了特定的长程相关特性, 相对湿度和温度序列多分形特征的不同, 揭示了其生成动力过程的差异。     

基于多重分形的齿轮故障特征提取方法

为提取齿轮的故障特征,提出利用多重分形谱参数来表征齿轮振动信号特征的方法.运用多重分形理论对实测的齿轮振动信号进行分析,计算了振动信号的多重分形谱参数,并对齿轮振动信号多重分形谱参数的变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:齿轮工作状态不同,振动信号的多重分形谱参数△a、△f及fmax发生明显变化.当齿轮出现断齿故障时,△a、△f和fmax均显著增大.多重分形谱参数可定量刻画振动信号的特征,成功识别齿轮断齿故障.     

爆破地震波的分形机制

为深入研究爆破地震波的分形特性,采用分形理论中的盒维数方法,针对爆破地震信号的传播规律和特征,建立了其分形盒维数模型,结合在岩石场地进行深孔爆破的试验数据,计算了爆破震动信号的分形盒维数值D.通过分析D的数理意义及其与场地介质特性的关系,探讨了爆破地震波分形的物理力学机制.研究表明,爆破地震信号D能够反映爆破地震波传递介质岩石性质的特征信息,可作为描述爆破地震信号一个新的重要参量,为建立更加有效的爆破震动响应预测模型奠定了基础.     

湿式离合器磨合过程的多重分形谱预测

针对湿式离合器试验过程中磨合状态的预测问题,结合试验过程中摩擦转矩信号的几何结构特征,提出利用多重分形谱及其参数来预测磨合状态的新方法。阐述了基于盒计数法计算多重分形谱的方法;给出了多重分形谱参数的定义及其与摩擦转矩信号之间的内在联系;利用多重分形谱及其参数对某型号湿式离合器磨合过程的摩擦转矩信号进行分形表征。分析结果表明：多重分形谱及其参数能够定量地刻画试验过程中摩擦转矩信号的几何特征,并且随着磨合过程的进行,谱宽、最大最小概率子集分形维数差及谱偏斜度都呈现逐渐减小趋势,而最小奇异指数则呈现逐渐增大趋势。因此,利用试验中摩擦转矩信号的多重分形谱能够有效地预测湿式离合器的磨合状态。     

基于HHT的爆破振动信号时频能量分析

傅里叶变换、小波分析等方式在处理非线性非稳定信号时不能在时间和频率上同时达到较好分辨率,针对此问题,文章在经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)-小波阈值去噪、Hilbert变换的基础上,采用Hilbert-Huang变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)方法,从三维Hilbert谱、边际谱及瞬时能量谱3个方面对南方某铅锌矿的爆破振动信号进行了分析。结果表明:爆破振动信号的振动频率主要集中在0～200 Hz范围内,该区域能量占信号总能量的90%以上;爆炸发生时振动频率朝着低频发展,50 Hz以内的频率为主振频带;瞬时能量谱可以反映雷管爆炸的能量释放情况。文中运用瞬时能量谱精确识别了7个段位雷管的起爆时刻,发现HHT方法在处理非线性非稳定信号时,打破了Heisenberg测不准原理的限制,能从时域、频域及能量方面反映信号的变化特征,自适应性、完备性及重构性较强,精确度较高。     

基于奇异值曲率谱的有效奇异值选择

为了实现有效奇异值的自动选择,提出了奇异值曲率谱方法.首先分析了Hankel矩阵方式下理想信号和噪声信号的奇异值特点,发现理想信号的奇异值曲线存在一个很大的转折点,噪声信号的奇异值曲线则很平坦.然后提出了奇异值曲率谱的概念,并利用它来描述含噪信号奇异值曲线的转折点情况,分析了曲率谱计算时需注意的问题.研究结果表明,根据曲率谱的最大峰值位置可以确定有效奇异值个数:如果奇异值曲线在曲率谱最大峰值的位置坐标k处是凸出的,则有效奇异值的个数为k;如果奇异值曲线在k处是凹进的,则有效奇异值的个数为k-1.利用此方法来确定轴承振动信号的有效奇异值,提取到了由于滚道损伤而引起的调制现象,据此可靠地判断出了滚道剥落坑总数.     

模型试验单孔爆破振动信号时频分析

以地下工程常见的直墙半圆拱形硐室为原型,借助胶结砂相似材料开展单孔爆破相似模型试验,并监测爆破过程中相似模型试件顶面的爆破振动信号,随后采用HHT法对3个方向爆破振动信号的时频特征进行分析。爆破振动监测表明,在3个方向爆破振动信号中,竖向爆破振动峰值最大,水平径向次之,水平切向最小。3个方向爆破振动信号IMF分量能量分布表明,爆破振动信号优势能量集中分布于主振频率所在的几个IMF分量。HHT分析表明,3个方向爆破振动信号集中分布在0.03~0.07 s时域内;爆破振动信号频域成分丰富,但其在频域内分布不均匀;对于水平径向,爆破振动信号集中分布在111~312 Hz频域内;水平切向集中分布在171~323 Hz频域内;竖向则集中分布在128~209 Hz频域内。     

一种基于sEMG信号多重分形的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法

针对由表面肌电信号(sEMG)非平稳、非线性、自相似性等复杂特性导致的肌肉疲劳估计不准的问题,提出一种基于sEMG信号多重分形降趋移动平均法(MFDMA)的肌肉疲劳特征分析方法。首先,利用MFDMA方法对采集的sEMG信号、洗牌信号和高斯白噪声信号进行非线性动力学分析;其次,利用MFDMA方法计算sEMG信号的多重分形谱宽度、Hurst指数变化差值、概率测度值和峰值奇异指数4种多重分形特征;最后,利用t-检验法分析肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下的多重分形特征的显著差异性。结果表明,MFDMA方法能够描述sEMG信号的多重分形行为,谱宽等多重分形特征在肌肉疲劳与非疲劳状态下具有显著性差异。所提方法能够可靠表征运动性肌肉疲劳,可为肌肉疲劳识别模型建构、康复医学研究提供特征参考。     

隧道衬砌混凝土爆破振动能量传播规律试验

针对隧道衬砌混凝土频繁爆破振动危害累积效应,设计混凝土频繁爆破振动试验,对测得的爆破振动信号进行总能量和频带能量计算与分析。试验结果表明:①爆破振动信号能量分布范围较广;但绝大部分能量集中在0～205. 08 Hz;且多以9. 77～58. 59 Hz频带能量较大;②总能量随距离的增大而减小,在近区衰减迅速,中远区较近区衰减缓慢;而能量随着距离的增大向低频带集中,且距离越大越明显;③总能量随爆破次数增加呈降低趋势,其中近区测点的总能量在大值范围内下降;而中远区衰减较为平缓。能量集中频带随爆破次数增加总体向中低频段发展;且近区测点在低频段能量所占比例有所增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the