组合桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳破坏及修复方法试验

为了研究弯折U形肋组合桥面板的疲劳性能以及疲劳开裂后的修补方法,对一个带连续弯折U形肋的组合桥面板试件进行了前后两次疲劳试验研究.首先对初始采用无衬垫对接焊缝的试件进行疲劳加载直到焊缝开裂;然后在开裂处采用带衬垫的对接焊缝加固,再次进行疲劳加载直到破坏.研究了组合桥面板疲劳破坏形态、开裂处疲劳强度评定、疲劳裂缝修复方法及修复后的疲劳性能.试验结果表明:在反复荷载作用下无衬垫单面焊的对接焊缝是正交异性组合桥面板的薄弱处,首先发生疲劳裂纹,采用带衬垫的熔透对接焊缝对开裂处进行修补,能起到较好的补强效果.     

钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展寿命分析

为研究正交异性钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳裂纹扩展寿命规律,建立正交异性钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝开裂模型,针对U肋对接焊缝开裂后沿表面、沿板厚两种情况分别进行裂纹扩展分析。通过计算裂纹尖端Ⅰ、Ⅱ型应力强度因子,分别获得裂纹尖端应力、扩展角度的变化规律,然后结合Paris定律,基于断裂力学理论对两种情况下的裂纹扩展疲劳寿命进行评估。研究结果表明:表面疲劳裂纹两种裂纹尖端的扩展角度大致相同,呈对称扩展;当裂纹长度小于2.75mm时,板厚疲劳裂纹处于稳定扩展阶段,疲劳裂纹修复应尽量选择该稳定扩展阶段;通过对比可知,表面疲劳裂纹的扩展寿命是板厚疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的16.7倍,应对板厚疲劳裂纹扩展予以重点关注。     

轮迹位置对钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳性能的影响

为研究车轮行驶位置对钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳性能的影响,现以江阴长江大桥为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,计算了不同车辆轮迹位置作用下U肋对接焊缝处的疲劳应力幅,结合BS5400规范得到了该细节相应位置的疲劳损伤度;建立U肋对接焊缝局部模型,模拟了不同车轮位置作用下疲劳裂纹扩展路径,同时得到了各扩展阶段的裂纹扩展参数。结果表明:车轮位置与焊缝之间距离大于600 mm,可忽略车辆位置对U肋对接焊缝开裂前的疲劳损伤累计;相对于其他部位,U肋两侧弧形段疲劳损伤严重,易产生疲劳裂纹;随着车轮位置的改变,裂纹扩展路径逐渐由与焊缝平行向与焊缝垂直发展,车轮位置与焊缝之间距离大于750 mm,可忽略车辆位置对U肋对接焊缝开裂后的裂纹扩展影响。     

纵隔板对钢桥面板构造细节疲劳应力的影响

为研究斜拉桥纵隔板对钢桥面板构造细节疲劳应力的影响,基于子模型方法分别建立了钢桥面板和顶板与U肋焊缝、横隔板与U肋焊缝以及U肋对接焊缝的有限元模型,分析不同构造细节的应力特征,确定横桥向最不利加载工况。在最不利工况下提取各关注点处应力时程,采用Goodman公式计算等效应力幅,以等效应力幅来衡量各构造细节处的疲劳性能。针对设置纵隔板影响较大的构造细节,分析设置纵隔板横桥向影响范围。研究结果表明:斜拉桥钢箱梁纵隔板构造增大了横隔板与U肋焊缝的等效应力幅,降低了其疲劳性能,而对顶板与U肋焊缝疲劳受力的影响可以忽略不计,对于与纵隔板相邻的两根U肋对接焊缝,设置纵隔板能够有效改善对接焊缝疲劳区域的受力性能。     

钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝位置对疲劳受力性能的影响分析

从疲劳受力特征角度分析钢桥面板U肋对接焊缝设置位置的合理性.建立正交异性钢桥面板局部有限元模型,施加移动车轮荷载,确定U肋对接焊缝位置对该细节作用范围的影响,计算U肋对接焊缝上典型部位的纵向应力分布、横向应力幅变化,对比不同U肋对接焊缝位置下的疲劳应力特征.结果表明:不同U肋对接焊缝位置的影响范围一致,但疲劳应力特征显著不同:当U肋对接焊缝与横隔板之间距离的增加时,应力幅增加,且拉应力作用范围明显扩大,同时应力比发生了显著的改变.U肋对接焊缝布置在靠近横隔板一定范围内时,其抗疲劳性能相对于布置在两横隔板中间位置时更好.     

钢桥面板顶板与竖向加劲肋连接角焊缝疲劳试验

为研究钢桥面板顶板与竖向加劲肋连接角焊缝的疲劳性能,采用机械型振动疲劳试验机对制作的9个试件进行等幅疲劳加载,并通过名义应力和热点应力2种方法对试件焊缝疲劳性能进行评价。试验结果表明：疲劳荷载作用下,试件疲劳裂纹开展路径均从焊趾处萌生、沿焊趾开展、最终垂直于焊趾沿板横向往两侧对称扩展。采用名义应力法时,试验结果均位于JSSC-G疲劳强度为50 MPa的S-N曲线上方;采用热点应力法时,试验结果均位于Eurocode 3规范疲劳强度为100 MPa的S-N曲线上方。建议本试验构件疲劳细节的角焊缝疲劳强度取名义应力50 MPa、热点应力100 MPa。     

钢桥板疲劳裂纹修复进展及合金贴片法研究

为加深对正交异性钢桥面板疲劳开裂问题以及疲劳裂纹修复技术研究的认识，首先对钢桥面板的疲劳开裂特征进行阐述，通过文献调研梳理了钻孔止裂法、加补强板法、热修复法、机械修复法以及组合桥面铺装改进法的相关应用与研究，并探讨各种修复方法的修复机理及适用性。最后展望了智能材料形状记忆合金（shape memory alloy，SMA）在未来钢桥面板疲劳裂纹修复中的应用前景。研究结果表明：钢桥面板疲劳开裂修复受重载交通量大、焊缝数量众多及操作空间狭小等特殊现场环境制约，需根据不同裂纹特征开展针对性修复工作。提出的形状记忆合金修复法在钢桥面板疲劳裂纹修复工作具有前瞻性。其中SMA-CFRP组合贴片利用SMA丝材产生的预应力和CFRP提供的刚度相结合，进一步强化对裂纹开展的抑制效果，而粘贴铁基SMA板在具备以上优点的同时还兼具易施工和低成本的优势。因此采用SMA贴片法可为钢桥面板疲劳裂纹修复提供新思路，有望延长钢桥面板的使用寿命。     

钢箱梁横隔板焊缝疲劳性能的锤击效果研究

针对钢箱梁横隔板与U肋连接焊缝疲劳细节,选取了三个局部试件作为研究对象,采用锤击装置对试件弧形缺口处焊缝的焊趾部位进行锤击处理,并采用疲劳试验机对处理后试件进行疲劳加载,对比分析试件的疲劳裂纹扩展情况、疲劳应力幅和疲劳强度的变化情况。同时,建立了局部锤击有限元模型,分析锤击部位的残余应力、塑性变形等,并结合疲劳试验结果,从疲劳裂纹萌生寿命、疲劳强度、锤击残余应力分布等角度,对锤击效果进行了评价。研究结果表明,锤击处理可有效提高横隔板与U肋连接焊缝的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命及疲劳强度;锤击处理可产生明显的塑性变形及残余应力,且两者均以焊趾为中心近似呈圆弧状分布;锤击深度为0.2mm时,锤击残余压应力沿板厚、垂直焊缝方向的分布范围均为3mm左右,从而改善构件的疲劳性能。     

正交异性钢桥面板纵肋现场对焊接头的疲劳性能

对八个含有正交异性钢桥面板角钢纵肋现场对接的试件进行了静力和疲劳试验研究,纵助接头采用手工仰焊,考虑了纵肋对中偏差．试验结果表明纵肋对中偏差对接头的疲劳性能有重要影响,经回归分析得到的疲劳强度曲线可达到我国钢结构设计规范GBJ17——88的第四类．正交异性钢桥面板纵肋现场对焊接头的疲劳性能@童乐为@沈祖炎     

钢桥面板U肋嵌补段对接焊缝多轴疲劳特征

为了研究U肋对接焊缝多轴疲劳特征,建立了钢桥面板节段模型与对接焊缝子模型,得出不同工况下对接焊缝上各关注点的应力状态。通过平板模型的单、多轴疲劳应力对比,提出了采用绝对值最大的主应力与主要应力分量的偏差作为评判多轴疲劳的依据。然后对U肋对接焊缝进行了受力分析与变形分析,并对比了影响该细节多轴疲劳的主要因素。研究结果表明:纵桥向正应力、截面弯曲剪应力和顶板厚度方向正应力的量值较大,是引起对接焊缝多轴疲劳开裂的重要原因;U肋弯曲应力占膜应力的比例很小,对接焊缝多轴疲劳开裂主要由面内变形引起;多轴疲劳效应随荷载中心线偏离U肋对称轴越发显著,单轴疲劳仅为荷载中心线与U肋对称轴重合时,在U肋对称中心点产生的瞬时效应。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with