水葫芦生态型河道水流特性及污染物扩散数值模拟

以水葫芦生态型河道为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法应用二维水动力模型对水葫芦生态型河道的流场进行模拟计算,建立了水葫芦生态型河道水质模型,对河道中污染物质的扩散和降解过程进行模拟,率定了有关参数,求得了浓度场的分布情况,分析了污染物在水体中的迁移规律,取得了较为满意的结果.     

三峡库区次级河流河口回水变动区回水时段水质模型

根据三峡库区次级河流“回水变动区”的定义,以及云阳县澎溪河河口近年来的水文特征及水质现状,采用狭长湖库移流衰减模型模拟澎溪河河口回水变动区回水时段的水质,确定模型参数K1,计算了2005年污染物浓度值。结果显示:计算值与实测值的相对误差在±4%以内,提示模型可以用来模拟三峡库区次级河流河口回水变动区回水时段的水质。     

多级闸门调控下徒骇河流域雨洪演进模拟与分析

在多级闸门调控条件下,利用一维水动力模型软件Mike11软件建立了降雨径流和水动力耦合模型,设计了闸门全开、水位控制、水位差控制3种调控模式;对不同典型年下雨洪演进过程进行模拟,得到河道沿程水位流量变化趋势。结果表明:模型典型断面的模拟结果较好,各参数率定值可靠且可以基本反映雨洪演进过程,上、中、下游河床糙率率定值分别为0.029、0.033、0.035;水流状况受人工调控明显,主要表现在洪峰流量大小、洪峰出现时间以及闸前最高水位的变化上。     

复杂河道环境内水流冲击桥墩的数值模拟——以广安五福桥为例

广安市拟在西溪河原拱桥上游修建行车桥改善城市交通,桥梁拟建于河道弯顶处,拟建位置上下游涉水建筑物较多,汛期时桥墩周围水动力环境较为复杂。为研究汛期时弯道处桥墩受水流冲击的规律,以FLOW-3D水动力学数值模拟软件为研究工具对固定工况中水流冲击圆柱形桥墩的过程进行数值模拟。将河道模型拆分为简单模型进行模拟,发现模拟计算结果与经验公式结果较为吻合,在该基础上进行数值模拟,研究结果表明：(1)河道中景观闸与拱桥间为水流急变区,可能对河床及桥墩底部造成冲刷;(2)拟建桥区水流对桥墩的冲击压力时程变化呈现不规律脉动,主频范围为0~0.02Hz;(3)凹岸桥墩所受水流冲击力明显大于凸岸,随着流量增大,凹岸桥墩受力方向与顺河向的正夹角增大,凸岸桥墩受力与顺河向的负夹角减小。     

基于数字栅格的河网小流域水质数学模型构建与应用

河网地区降雨充沛,河道水质受点源排放和降雨径流面源污染排放影响出现时空动态变化。针对小流域水质达标评估的需求,构建了基于栅格化空间重力汇水流向的降雨径流污染模型,并通过耦合河道水动力水质模型,建立点源、面源排放与河道水质的动态响应关系。以我国常州市武进港小流域为研究区域,对该模型系统进行了率定,确定了水质模型的主要参数。建立的模型系统能够实现对河网水质日尺度的动态模拟,继而实现从年均水质达标到每日水质达标的精细化分析。针对研究区域污染源组成特点,对不同污染负荷削减方案进行模拟评估。最优工况下,入湖断面高锰酸盐、氨氮和总磷的年达标频次（地表水III类标准）分别从23.0%、0、16.4%升高至71.8%、66.3%、75.9%。     

大通至长江口整体水动力模型

为更好研究长江大通以下河段的水动力特性,建立了大通至长江口感潮河段的二维水动力数学模型,模拟了径流和潮汐共同作用下的河道水位与流量、河汊分流比及长江口水域的流态.在整体水动力模型的基础上,采用嵌套技术建立了镇扬河段工程区局部数学模型,整体模型为局部模型提供边界条件,局部模型采用精细网格进行工程计算.以高资港区码头工程为例,对工程建设前、后不同水文条件下水位、流场变化进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明,工程建设对河段的水利规划、堤防和行洪安全、河势不会带来明显不利的影响.     

滩地植被对河道水流影响

该文结合实例河道运用环境流体力学代码(EFDC)模型研究滩地植被对河道水流的影响。模型通过建立植被阻力的经验公式,求解准三维水动力学方程,得到河道水流的水动力特征。通过模拟6组不同密度和高度的植被,并对流速和水位进行对比分析,结果表明:有植被存在时滩地水流显著减小。当植被密度600株/m2、高度为20cm时,滩地流速约为0.2m/s,此时河道水位相比无植被抬高0.2m左右;当植被高于1.0m时河道水位增加0.45m左右。研究结果对河道防洪和生态修复管理等有借鉴作用。     

缺资料地区河道水动力模拟——以卫河为例

基于SRTM-DEM(3弧秒)数据提出了一种简便合理的断面提取及处理技术,并结合MIKE11模型建立了卫河中下游元村至临清段水动力模型.结果表明应用SRTM-DEM提取河道断面的水动力模拟效果较好,模拟值与实测值在所有断面其相关系数均在0.9以上,效率系数均在0.6以上.该研究可为缺资料地区水动力模拟提供借鉴和参考.     

上海世界博览会园区河网水环境调控

为改善上海世界博览会园区河网水系的水质,建立综合考虑河道复杂形态、生态浮岛、河道底质释放污染等因素的河网水动力及水质模型,并利用世界博览会园区引、排水试验测定成果对模型进行验证。结果表明,两模型的计算值与实测值吻合较好,具有工程适用性,可用于模拟复杂河网水量和水质的变化。利用河网水动力和水质模型对河网常规污染、初期雨水污染、突发水污染和世界博览会泵闸故障4种情况下的调度方案进行数值模拟,并在此基础上提出适应小区域、多节点控制的潮汐河网水环境治理的应急水环境调控预案。     

整治工程影响下大清河航道水流泥沙冲淤分析

基于实测资料对大清河航道的水动力及泥沙特征进行了分析,从水流连续性方程,泥沙运动方程出发,建立了水动力泥沙二维数学模型,在此基础上对典型水沙条件下河道内水流、泥沙运动、航道选线及淤积预测进行了模拟研究。重点分析了工程整治后河道内流态、地形变化对航道冲淤的影响,对航道整治工程进行了评价。研究表明,大清河泥沙运动主要受径流携带的泥沙,河道地形影响,航道工程整治后仍保持上冲下淤的态势,水流归槽效应是航道主槽淤积的主要因素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the