燃料性质对COREX流程的影响

熔炼煤的有效热值、成分、热稳定性是影响Corex流程的首要因素,直接决定了煤耗、焦耗、还原气利用率以及固定床的高度。具有较高有效热值的主体熔炼煤对降低煤耗至关重要。含氢量在热力学方面使还原气利用率降低,在动力学方面使利用率提高,因此熔炼煤含氢量应适中。COREX流程需要使用一定比例的焦炭来补充燃料有效热值的不足并形成一个含有碳素的固定床来发展高温反应,为了减少焦炭的用量,熔炼煤还必须具有一定的热稳定性来形成一个稳定的固定床。     

COREX工艺系统模拟结果分析

利用已建立的COREX工艺系统模拟模型考察了熔化气化炉和竖炉匹配操作条件及在匹配操作范围内系统的能耗和能量利用。结果表明:煤中挥发分含量对煤耗影响很大,配煤控制应是COREX工艺操作关键一环;挥发分含量增加,与之相匹配操作的熔化气化炉出口荒煤气氧化度可相应增加;提高熔化气化炉出口荒煤气氧化度和降低其温度均可提高能量利用率;COREX工艺系统的最大能量利用率为50%左右,合理有效地利用COREX富产煤气是解决该工艺能量利用问题的关键;荒煤气温度与竖炉入口还原煤气温度相比,应该维持在更高温度。     

直接还原竖炉氢气利用率的数值分析及优化

在氢气直接还原铁竖炉内氢气的利用率较低,故在竖炉上部增加吹氧装置来实现炉内物理能和化学能的最佳利用,提高氢气利用率。通过计算流体力学软件模拟氢气竖炉和吹氧竖炉还原段的温度场、气体分布,计算出炉内能量的消耗。结果表明,在还原段上部7 m处吹氧,每还原出1 t铁的吹氧量为26.78 Nm3,吹氧竖炉与氢气竖炉相比:氢气利用率提高33.43%,氢气用量减少22.08%,炉顶气还原势降低61.84%,能耗减少14.72%,吹氧周围及上部炉料温度有所升高。     

铁矿煤球团内生还原气生产DRI工艺及估算

在高炉热风炉中用高炉煤气、垃圾制燃气、低热值煤气加热循环还原气,或用红焦、热DRI(直接还原铁)等热量加热循环还原气至1100℃,输入还原竖炉加热铁矿煤球团,生产DRI,从炉顶气中回收硫和CO2,炉顶气净化后作为还原气循环使用.球团内煤干馏形成的半焦、焦炭起到了与高炉内焦炭不同的骨架作用.利用还原反应后气体余热来预热和干馏球团,利用铁精矿粉和煤粉的高比表面积,利用煤的干馏气化促进低温下碳的一次气化反应和直接还原反应,使DRI煤耗进一步降低.设炉顶气温度降到150℃,配煤218kg,高炉煤气消耗约947m3时,工艺能耗约333kg/t煤.比高炉工艺节能约52%,减排CO2约83%.比MIDREX节能约84kg标准煤.该工艺简称为DRI-NHQ.     

固体燃料造气直接还原工艺技术试验研究

采用小型模拟生产性试验的办法，对富氧煤气化直接还原竖炉新工艺流程中的煤气成份Ｈ２含量及Ｈ２／（Ｈ２＋ＣＯ）最佳比值、还的气体流量、燃料层控制、富氧率、熔融状态炉渣的顺利排除、蒸汽（水）量及粉法挥发控制等问题，从理论与实践的结合方面进行了研究，为该工艺流程戒严性试验的设计和实现，及技术操作规程的制定提供依据。     

含碳球团铁浴熔融还原法

提出了一种新型含碳球团熔融还原法，系统研究结果表明，铁浴二次燃烧率为５０％时，预还原度可达８０％，在此条件下，工艺过程可获得低的吨铁煤耗（５３８ｋｇ）和氧耗（３９２ｍ＾３）以及高的煤气利用率（９５．７２％）和能量利用率（８９．１０％）。     

硼酸酯型制动液的研制

以甲醇．乙醇、环氧丙烯及硼酸为原料，研究硼酸酯制动液基础液的合成条件，添加了１％三丁胺，０．２％双酚Ａ，０．０２％苯并三唑，对铁、铜、铝、黄铜有较好的缓蚀性能，产品达到了美国ＳＡＥＪ１７０３ｆ制动液标准及国际标准ＧＢ－１０８３０－８９Ｊ。     

低品位红土镍矿选择性还原焙烧中煤做还原剂最佳条件研究

【目的】本次研究从节能降耗的角度出发,研究我矿还原焙烧中煤做还原剂所能达到最佳条件,使煤消耗量最低,最终实现降低生产成本的目标。【方法】实验理论数据与生产实践中不断摸索创新的数据相比较,确定低品位红土镍矿选择性还原焙烧中煤做还原剂所能达到最佳条件。【结果】研究确定了最佳工艺条件为：采用无烟煤做还原剂,无烟煤灰分含量：8.89%,挥发分含量：28.28%,固定碳含量：61.27%;还原剂加入量为矿量的5%/吨矿石;还原剂粒度小于0.074mm,占60%;且不易结焦,窑周期长。【结论】无烟煤在以上生产实践数据条件下能达到最好的还原效果,在原有的实验数据上大大减少了煤耗量,每年可节约煤约4万吨。     

铁矿石流化还原的气体利用率

通过试验求得铁矿石流化还原的开始失流温度及气体流速对它的影响。通过计算模型及试验数据得到了还原温度及气体流速对气体利用率的影响。结合两方面的工作分析了提高气体利用率的途径,讨论了降低熔融还原工艺总能耗的条件。     

流化床还原焙烧硫酸锶矿的试验研究

在床截面０．３ｍ×０．３ｍ，处理量为６０－７０ｋｇ／ｈ的流化装置上进行了还原焙烧硫酸锶矿（天青石）的试验研究，获得焙烧操作的最佳工艺条件，锶矿还原率达７５％－７８％，吨产品焙烧煤耗１．４５ｔ，与传统的反射炉相比，锶矿还原率提高１０％以上，煤耗降低３０％且熟料松散利于后部加工，以流化床替代原有工艺可获显的生产效益。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with