W/O/W法制备甲基膦酸二甲酯微胶囊

以水溶性有机膦甲基膦酸二甲酯作为芯材，以聚乙烯醇与戊二醛反应所得缩醛为壁材，应用相中相乳化法合成DMMP微胶囊。并对影响微胶囊合成的因素进行了讨论。通过DSC热分析、红外光谱分析、囊芯物磷的定性检测等测试方法表征了甲基膦酸二甲酯微胶囊的壁材与囊芯物。     

影响固体火箭发动机推力偏心特性的误差源研究

为了找出产生火箭发动机推力偏心的主要误差源,利用六分力推力偏心测试系统对装药初温,喷喉误差,喷管内型面缺陷等影响推力偏心的情况进行了试验研究。研究结果表明：装药初温,喷喉形状尺寸误差,多喷管安装误差,喷管内型面缺陷等都对推力偏心有较大影响,获得了对固体火箭发动机设计与制造非常有参考价值的试验结果。     

Electrochemical behavior of different shelled microcapsule composite copper coatings

Copper/liquid microcapsule composite coatings with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gelatin or methyl cellulose (MC) as shell materials were prepared by electrodeposition. The influence of shell materials on the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings in 0.1 M H₂SO₄ was investigated by means of electrochemical techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the participation of microcapsules can enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings compared with the traditional copper layer. Based on the analysis of electrochemical test results, the release ways of microcapsules were deduced. Gelatin and MC as the shell materials of microcapsules are easy to release quickly in the composite coating. On the contrary, the releasing speed of PVA microcapsules is relatively slow due to their characteristics.     

基于非离子复合乳化剂自修复微胶囊的制备

提出采用低起泡性的OP-10/AEO非离子复合乳化体系解决微胶囊制备过程中乳化缺陷问题。以改性环氧树脂E-51为芯材修复剂,通过原位聚合法制备脲醛树脂自修复微胶囊。采用光学显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、同步热分析仪分别对形成过程、化学结构及热稳定性进行分析。利用Gauss拟合研究粒径分布,并探讨了乳化剂体系选择、乳化剂用量、芯壁比、搅拌速率等因素对微胶囊性能的影响。结果表明,该体系能有效改善乳化剂起泡效果,用量为5.0%,芯壁比为0.8∶1,搅拌速率为1 200 r/min,微胶囊包封率达到80%,粒径分布相对集中,具备良好的室温贮存性及热稳定性。     

STUDY ON THE PERMEABILITY OF MICROCAPSULES

In the present study,microcapsules with disperse dye solutions and a direct dye solution ascore materials were prepared by the complex coaeervation method and the interfacialpolycondensation method respectively.Experiments and theoretical analysis showed that there wasan exponential relationship between the diffusion time and the release rate of the core material intothe surrounding medium.A concise equation to calculate the permeability constant was derivedand verified by the experimental results.By means of duplex focus on the inner and outer diametersof a microcapsule,the average wall thickness of microcapsules was measured.     

多能场微射流水导激光加工研究发展概况

微射流水导激光加工属于一种多能场复合激光加工技术.该技术利用加工激光耦合稳定压力微射流,改变激光能量分布为平顶高斯光束,并对加工断面进行冷却、冲刷.稳定的小流量压力去离子水射流导引激光柔性延伸加工焦点,改善加工激光能量分布的同时实现去屑、冷却,使得其轴向加工质量、精度得到提高,并提高激光轴向加工能力.本文介绍并阐述了该加工装置及设备研发的若干关键因素:激光全反射入射角度的选择、光束质量、模式、聚焦位置及激光与水射流的耦合精度.对比了该技术与超短脉冲激光(飞秒激光)的加工特点.阐述了微射流水导激光适当控制激光加工热量,控制激光加工方向,适用于高质量大深径比(约10-100)的深孔、槽、缝的场合以及一些低k绝缘材质,硬质合金、SiC、GaAs、聚晶金刚石等材质的高附加值对象场合.     

填充银纳米线自修复型导电胶

采用乳液聚合法制备了壳为聚苯乙烯,核为分散有银纳米线的聚硫醇与二乙基苯胺(DMBA)的混合物的核壳结构纳米粒子.将这些纳米粒子分散在填充有银纳米线的各项同性导电胶(ICA)胶体中,在外界作用力下,这些纳米核壳结构粒子自动破裂,聚硫醇与DMBA的混合物与胶体中过量的环氧基团快速反应,自动修复受外力破坏产生的胶体微裂纹,同时核壳结构粒子中的银纳米线均匀分散在修复处,起到对导电网络的修复作用.研究了核壳结构粒子的填充量对导电胶力学及电学修复效果的影响.并对修复机理进行了阐述.     

推力矢量喷管设计与气动特性分析研究

二元矢量喷管结构简单,隐身特性好,在多种隐身飞机上得到了应用。本文发展了一种“圆转方”二元喷管型面设计方法,基于此方法设计了二元喷管和两型矢量喷管,一型通过二元喷管壁面几何偏转实现,另一型由塞式中心体偏转实现。数值模拟了“圆转方”喷管以及这两型矢量喷管的内外流场,对其推力系数、流量系数、有效推力矢量角等性能参数进行了计算和分析对比,给出了对二元矢量喷管设计具有参考价值的推力矢量角的影响因素及其影响规律。     

羧甲基甲壳素/海藻酸钙固定化双歧杆菌的研究与应用

双歧杆菌是人和动物肠道中一种重要的益生菌,具有许多生理和保健功能。实验使用厌氧培养箱培养筛选获得双歧杆菌;经鉴定为革兰氏阳性菌(G+)。选用海藻酸钠作为成膜材料、羧甲基甲壳素作为保护剂、Ca Cl_2作为固化液,通过挤压法将双歧杆菌包埋在了微胶囊里;将得到的微胶囊分别置于胃液、肠液中并测定其溶解情况,得到了制备微胶囊的配比和最适浓度。使用2.14%海藻酸钠、1.79%羧甲基甲壳素制备双歧杆菌微胶囊,能够得到最好的包埋效果,菌体包埋率可达66.81%;此结果可为双歧杆菌微胶囊的高效生产提供一个参考。     

Preparation and characterization of microcapsule containing epoxy resin and its self-healing performance of anticorrosion covering material

Microencapsulated healing agents that possess adequate strength, long shelf-life, and excellent bonding to the host material are required for self-healing materials. The in situ encapsulation method is demonstrated over an order of magnitude size reduction for the preparation of urea-formaldehyde (UF) capsules filled with a healing agent, a mixture epoxy resin of the epoxy 711 and E-51. Capsules with diameters as small as about 100 ??m are achieved under the agitation rate of 800 r min^?1. The capsules possess a uniform UF shell wall (4 ??m average thickness). By using the analysis of scanning electronic microscope (SEM), thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and FTIR, the characteristics of the microcapsules were investigated respectively. Successful self-healing has been demonstrated for anticorrosion covering materials with microcapsules.     

有碳中和功能的水热炭复合肥技术路线

本文提出了一种水热炭复合肥(Hydrothermal Carbon Compound Fertilizer,HCCF)技术路线,以农作物秸秆等农林废弃物为原料,采用水热法把生物质转化为富含腐殖酸的水热炭(褐煤),将其作为底物与氮、磷、钾等肥料成分复合,生产长效、缓释的水热炭复合肥。将该肥料施用于农田,可提高土壤肥力,改善土壤的团粒结构。水热炭复合肥是一种有商业价值的负碳产品,可以大规模生产,以提升土壤碳汇,储碳于田,促进碳中和目标达成,同时具有高产、环保和生态等多方面的效益,推进生态、有机和可持续农业的发展。     

几种碳素材料的特性及在模铸保护渣中的作用

本文首先研究了保护渣常用的碳素材料—石墨、酸化石墨、炭化稻壳、炭黑的显微结构及燃烧、膨胀等特性。然后研究了配入不同碳素材料的模铸保护渣在膨胀、保温、熔化速度、对钢液增碳等性质上的差异。研究发现,模铸保护渣的上述性质与碳素材料的结构有密切的关系;采用酸化石墨和炭化稻壳或酸化石墨和石墨的复合配炭的模铸保护渣,具有较好的铺展性及膨胀保温性,液渣层形成快、可获得表面质量良好的钢锭。     

微流控法制备用于电泳显示微胶囊的微液珠研究

本文基于微流控技术，提出一种制备电泳显示液微胶囊的新方法，解决了传统电泳微胶囊制备方法中颗粒粒径不均匀、影响显示器件的显示性能及其驱动波形设计等问题。实验中使用了两种玻璃汇聚流通道(小型和大型)，外相溶液为1.5%明胶阿拉伯胶混合溶液，内相为四氯乙烯溶液。当小型通道和大型通道外相溶液流速与内相溶液体积流速比分别为2:1和10:6时，可以得到液滴平均直径分别为47 m和315 m的均匀的微液珠。同时，该方法可以精确控制微胶囊粒径大小，通过调节内外相流速，可以得到粒径在40 m至375 m范围内的大小均匀的微胶囊。与传统机械搅拌法制备的微液珠（52 18.81 m）相比，微流控法制备的微液珠（450.28 m）粒径分布得到了很大改善。该方法为电泳显示器显示效果的改善提供了可行方法。     

Study on the effect of electrostatic interaction on core-shell nanoparticles preparation with microemulsion technique

The routine method for preparation of silica core-shell nanoparticles （NPs） is to carry out nucleation and shell coating through the hydrolysis of silane in water in oil （W/O） microemulsion to form three-dimensional netted silica shell. We found that electrostatic interaction of the core materials with shell materials would determine whether the stable core-shell silica NPs formed or not. The traditional important factors such as molecular weight of core materials or the thickness of the shell have no obvious relationship with it. And the stability of the core-shell silica NPs can be improved after changing the electric charge polarity by regulating the experiment condition of relevant materials ff some core materials cannot be doped inside to form the stable core-shell silica NPs based on the traditional method, which provided experimental and theoretic foundation for preparation and application of the core-shell silica NPs.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂制备毒死蜱微胶囊

采用工业生产的脲醛树脂胶粘剂为原料,通过原 位聚合法制备了毒死蜱微胶囊,探讨了影响微胶囊性能的主要因素。结果表明,固化剂种类 、壳芯比和反应温度对载药量和包封率的影响较为显著,反应时间和加酸速度对载药量和包 封率的影响不大。在乙酸、草酸、对甲苯磺酸3种固化剂中,草酸效果最好;随着壳芯比的 提高,收率和包封率提高,载药量略有降低;随着反应温度升高,包封率和收率明显降低, 而载药量的变化不大。反应温度较低、加酸速度较慢的微胶囊表面较平滑。经过优化后的制 备工艺为：固化剂为草酸,壳芯比为0.94,反应温度为40℃。在此条件下制得的微胶囊 ,其载药量可达67.66%,包封率为87.68%,收率为88.23%。用本方法在较低的反应温度 下制备的微胶囊的性能不低于同等条件下以尿素和甲醛为原料制备的微胶囊,表明本法是一种简便而效果较好的毒死蜱微胶囊制备方法。     

Fabrication and Properties of Microencapsulated,n-octadecane and Paraffim

Microencapsulated n-alkanes as energy-storage materials have promising application prospects.The microcapsules containing 100-50 wt% of n-octadecane,0-20 wt% of paraffin and 0-30 wt% of cyciohexane were synthesized by in-situ polymerization using melamineformaldehyde polymer as shell.Cyclohexane was removed after heat-treated the microcapsules at 100℃.The morphologies,cell parameters,phase change properties,thermal stable temperatures of these micrecapsules were examined.The diameters of these mieroeapsules arc lower than 5 μm.The effect of paraffin in the microcapsules on the cell parameters of,n-octadecane is negligible.The paraffin is effectively used as a nucleating agent to decrease the degree of supercooling.The melting enthalpy is decreased from 132 J/g to 111 J/g due to the increase of the cyciohexane contents.The thermal stable temperature is enhanced 6-16℃ after heat-treated the microcales at 160℃ for 30 min.     

光固化立体造型熔模铸造工艺的研究

为了解决快速熔模铸造中型壳开裂问题，对树脂模型与型壳材料在消失过程中的热变形机理和型壳开裂条件进行了有限元分析，建立了原型一型壳热变形数学模型，并应用于新型燃气涡轮导向器的快速铸造．实验中当升温幅度较低时，涂挂厚度很小，型壳也不会破裂；当树脂模型在一个方向上的尺寸很小时，即使不抽壳，型壳也能保持完整而不破裂．研究结果表明：采用树脂制备方法，不仅可以简化传统制作蜡模的工艺步骤，而且大大缩短了制作周期；树脂模型精度、粗糙度对复杂铸件的传递特性，已成为该方法被广泛应用的一个重要的前提条件．     

黄芩苷缓释微囊的制备方法及稳定性的研究

目的研制黄芩苷缓释微囊并进行稳定性考察。方法运用复凝聚法以明胶和阿拉伯胶为囊材,黄芩苷为囊心物,吐温-80为润湿剂制备微囊。以包封率作为质量判定指标,采用单因素考察和正交试验优化处方工艺。结果得出最优处方是明胶和阿拉伯胶浓度皆为1．33％g／mL,反应温度50℃,pH值3．90,材药比为5：1。按该处方制得的微囊囊型圆整光滑,载药量较高,并具有一定的缓释效果。结论复凝聚法可成功制备出包封率较高的黄芩苷微囊,且产品稳定性良好。该法可操作性强,重复性好,有一定的实用价值。     

基于FLUENT的高压水射流喷嘴的流场仿真

针对两种不同结构型式的圆锥形喷嘴,利用计算流体力学的方法对高压水射流流场的速度、压力、介质等物理量进行两相流的数值模拟分析,并对两种喷嘴进行比较.结果表明,锥直形喷嘴的长径比在2~3时速度最佳,在长径比取值合适时,短管内会形成负压,射流的边界层主要为水滴,其稳定性取决于韦伯数.     

Controlled-release Properties of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Some disperse dyes were microencapsulated by means of in-situ polymerization. These microencapsulated disperse dyes was extracted respectively by ethanol under certain conditions. The controlled-release properties of disperse dyes through the shell of microcapsules were measured by spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was drawn that the type of disperse dyes, the auxiliaries contained in disperse dyes, the quantity of system controlling medium used and the core/shell ratio of microcapsules play important roles in controlling the release properties of microcapsules. The different controlled-release properties of microcapsules, which were prepared under given conditions, however, would in turn influence the performance of microcapsules in multiple-transfer printing.