安庆沿江湖泊湿地研究进展

湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,是重要的生存环境和自然界极富生物多样性的生态景观之一。由于全球环境变化的影响以及人类开发利用强度的加大,湿地退化、生态功能减弱,威胁着人类生态安全与社会经济的可持续健康发展。安庆沿江湖泊湿地因其重要的生态功能和独特的环境特征受到专家学者的高度关注,现有的研究成果主要集中在安庆湿地生态系统功能、环境特征和湿地保护与管理等方面,基于湿地特征功能重要性的研究多,湿地演化过程机理研究较少;湿地单因素研究较多,湿地多因素耦合研究少。结合国际国内湿地科学发展和安庆湿地研究现状,今后安庆湿地研究应侧重于气候变化与湿地响应、湿地退化与机制、湿地生态恢复等方面。     

白洋淀流域生态水文过程演变及其生态系统退化驱动机制研究

白洋淀是华北地区最大的天然淡水湖泊湿地和重要的生态功能区，在自然和人为驱动影响下，生态系统呈明显的退化趋势。通过对白洋淀流域生态水文过程演变分析，剖析了其生态系统退化的特征及驱动机制。气候干旱是白洋淀生态系统退化的环境背景条件，而上游水库的截流、水利工程的建设及水资源的开发利用等自然、人为因素的耦合作用，加速了白洋淀生态系统退化的过程。基于白洋淀生态系统退化的特征和驱动机制，从流域生态水文过程演变出发，为湿地的保护提出了措施和建议。     

湿地功能研究进展

湿地是地球上具有重要环境功能的独特生态系统,湿地组分之间的相互作用构成了湿地重要的生态功能。简要阐述了湿地在蓄水、调控径流、净化和过滤、调节气候以及提供野生动植物栖息地等方面的功能,分析了影响湿地功能的自然、社会因素,介绍了湿地功能评价方法的研究进展情况,并对未来湿地功能研究方向进行了初步展望。     

影响湿地生态系统演化因子研究

湿地与森林、海洋并列称为全球最主要的三大生态系统，被誉为“地球之肾”，它除了向人类提供大量食物、原料和水资源外，还具有重要的环境调控功能，在维持区域生态平衡、保持生物多样性和珍稀物种资源等方面具有不可替代的作用。本文重点对影响湿地生态系统演化的因素进行了论述。湿地的演化主要表现是湿地的退化，分析表明，影响湿地演化的原因主要是自然因素和人为因素的双重作用。自然因素主要包括水文环境、土壤环境的改变以及植物、气候的影响；人为因素主要包括超载过牧、滥挖乱采活动和人口增加。     

天津湿地自然保护区指示性昆虫的研究与评价为环保做贡献

湿地是一种特殊的土地资源和生态环境，具有调节水分循环、维持特有动植物等基本生态功能，是介于水体和陆地之间的一种特殊而高效的生态系统。昆虫是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分，种类和数量巨大，在湿地生物食物链中起重要作用。天津海拔较低，在华北属湿地资源比较丰富的地区。但现代经济发展使湿地质量不断退化，产生了严重的环境问题，对此缺乏完善实用的监测和评价体系。     

黄河三角洲湿地生态退化修复的应用研究进展

系统综述了黄河三角洲湿地生态退化现状及退化原因，并对其生态修复技术进行概括归纳。发现黄河三角洲湿地退化严重，总体面积逐年缩减，同时组成结构发生改变，自然湿地不断减少而人工湿地逐渐增加，景观格局呈现破碎化趋势，生态系统服务功能严重退化。造成黄河三角洲湿地生态退化的原因主要包括黄河水沙通量减少、海-陆交互作用增强、土壤盐渍化加剧、气候暖干化、外来物种入侵和人类活动。目前采用的生态修复技术包括生物组分修复、水体修复、土壤改良和综合生境修复。最后针对性地提出黄河三角洲湿地修复建议，对实践黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的国家重大战略具有重要意义。     

东北寒区多年冻土退化的主要研究综述

通过回顾东北多年冻土的研究成果,从多年冻土退化研究方法、退化形式、影响因子及对寒区生态系统和环境的影响等方面,归纳综述了东北地区多年冻土退化的主要研究。目前东北多年冻土受气候变化与人类活动双重影响,出现面积萎缩、冻融深度变化以及南界北移等现象,影响东北寒区生态系统及环境变化,例如导致林木倾倒、林带转移、湿地面积萎缩、土壤温室气体排放及生物地球化学循环受到干扰等。今后应重点开展冻土退化对寒区多年冻土-森林-湿地生态系统相互作用的影响研究,加强寒区冻土碳储量、碳迁移以及碳循环对气候变化的响应研究;明确多年冻土退化对区域生态环境的影响,加强构建模型预测及开发新技术探究冻土退化趋势,从多角度多尺度深刻揭示东北寒区多年冻土区冻土退化的机理及趋势,切实考虑环境和社会经济的综合发展,促进东北多年冻土区生态保护与环境安全发展。     

海南湿地保护现状及主要威胁因素探析

海南湿地生态系统类型多样、物种多样性丰富,但近年来出现了面积缩小、结构受损、功能退化等不良趋势.文章介绍了海南省湿地的主要类型、特点、生态价值和保护现状,分析了威胁海南省湿地生态系统健康的主要人类社会因素(城市发展、海产品养殖和加工、旅游观光等)和自然因素(海水酸化、海平面上升、海洋灾害气候等),总结了海南湿地保护与利用取得的成绩,并对海南湿地的保护与可持续利用提出了相应的对策建议.     

崇明东滩湿地生态系统服务功能与价值评估研究述评

崇明东滩湿地是长江口规模最大、发育最完善的河口型潮汐滩涂湿地,为上海市乃至长三角地区提供重要的生态系统服务功能,具有重要的生态经济价值。笔者综述了东滩湿地生态系统在供给、调节、支持、文化等4个方面的服务功能,归纳出人工围垦、上游水利设施修建、工农业生产活动、互花米草入侵是湿地服务功能变化的主要影响因素。针对东滩湿地生态价值评估存在的不足,提出建立适合东滩湿地的生态价值评估体系的建议,指出今后应在东滩湿地基础功能研究、外来物种入侵影响和控制对策以及东滩湿地的生态资源复核、生态补偿等方面进一步开展研究。     

青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统演变、修复与保护

 探讨了青藏高原高寒湿地的动态变化及演变趋势，分析了湿地面积变化、生态系统结构与功能退化现状与原因。分析表明，国家近20年来在青藏高原实施的生态保护、修复及生态工程项目取得了一定的成效，但高寒湿地生态系统的退化形势依然严峻。生态保护和修复是一项系统、长期的工作，今后要加强生态修复技术研发项目与工程类项目的衔接，建立长效管理机制，提高退化湿地的自然恢复能力。同时，要构建适于青藏高原高寒湿地保护效应的评价模型和指标体系，完善重大工程项目的系统监测与评价。在黄河、长江上游源区布局高寒湿地生态系统的长期监测，将与三江源区同样重要的黄河首曲湿地、若尔盖湿地纳入国家公园管理体系，统筹规划，建立健全科技服务平台和信息共享机制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the