芙蓉抗流感片

杭州第二中药厂和浙江省卫生防疫站,根据浙江省中医院“芙朴合剂治疗流行性感冒”的临床报道,于79年开始协作,以单味中药木芙蓉的干燥叶为原料制成“木芙蓉浸膏糖衣片”。经动物实验证明,该药既有抗流感病毒作用,又有抗金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血性链球菌的作用。临床经十八个医疗单位     

不可救药的恐怖杀手

据报道,美军已完成了具有抗四环素作用的大肠杆菌的遗传基因和具有抗青霉素作用的金色葡萄球菌的基因的拼接,再把拼接的分子引入大肠杆菌中,培养出具有抗上述两种杀菌素的新大肠杆菌。俄罗斯也早就着手研究剧毒的眼镜蛇的毒素基因和流感病毒基因的拼接,试图培育出具有眼镜蛇病毒的新流感病毒,它能使人既出现流感症状,同时又出现蛇毒中毒症状,导致人瘫痪和死亡     

中药大青叶有效单体抗流感病毒作用

采用中药大青叶有效单体进行体外抗流感病毒(H1N1)的研究,通过观察病毒引起的细胞病变效应(CPE)、 MTT法检测细胞活性,红细胞凝集实验检测病毒血凝滴度,考核药物的抗病毒作用.结果表明:大青叶有效单体1#, 2#, 3#, 4#对流感病毒无直接灭活作用,也不能阻止流感病毒的吸附,而能抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞内的的生物合成.其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为30.80, 29.74, 27.56, 25.85 mg/L,治疗指数(TI) 分别为6.33, 9.30, 10.77, 15.05. 其抗流感病毒效果优于病毒唑(IC50=101.05 mg/L, TI =5.25),和抗病毒口服液(IC50=104.41 mg/L, TI=5.03), P<0.01.在160 mg/L时能抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞内的增殖达90 %左右.在40～160 mg/L内大青叶1#, 2#, 3#, 4#单体能明显降低流感病毒血凝滴度(P<0.05).大青叶有效单体1#, 2#, 3#, 4#能安全高效地抑制流感病毒在MDCK细胞中的增殖.     

传统中药的抗病原微生物作用研究

中药的治疗价值历史悠久,随着中药现代化的研究进程,中药的抗病原微生物作用如抗细菌、抗病毒和抗原虫等作用逐渐被发现并被更为合理有效地使用。中药用于治疗感染性疾病具有很大优势,中药有直接的抗病原微生物作用,同时还可以调节机体免疫力,增强西药的疗效,减缓耐药性的发生。     

板蓝根粗提液抑制流感病毒的实验研究

对板蓝根凝聚粗提液的抗流感病毒作用进行了研究。用丙酮脱脂提取板蓝根生药的凝集素，并分别测定各样品的血凝活性，并用45.3mg/mL的样品对流感病毒（A1／京防／97－53H1N1，A1／京防／262／95）进行了体外抑制试验。结果表明：板蓝根凝集素对流感病毒具有显著的直接杀灭作用和预防作用及较好的治疗作用，而且得出抑制流感病毒的效果与板蓝根凝集素血凝活性的高低有关。     

中药白根独活抗胃溃疡有效部位研究

采用系统溶剂法提取分离中药白根独活得到5个部位,通过阿司匹林-乙醇溶液所致小鼠胃溃疡模型筛选中药白根独活抗胃溃疡作用的有效部位.结果表明中药白根独活的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯等脂溶性部位具有显著的抗胃溃疡作用.因此,脂溶性部位为中药白根独活抗胃溃疡的有效部位.     

浅谈黄芪抗病毒性心肌炎的作用机制

中药黄芪为中药常用药,具有多方面的作用.现代研究证明黄芪对病毒性心肌炎有很好的治疗作用,其抗抗病毒性心肌炎的作用机制体现在对心脏及心肌等多方面的作用上.     

国内科技期刊亮点

中国科学家研制出抗汉坦病毒和甲型流感病毒新药汉坦病毒虽不及甲型流感病毒"知名度"高,但其对人类健康威胁颇大。它具有新发疫区患者病死率高及     

中药抗运动疲劳的研究进展

某些中药药物具有抗运动疲劳作用,合理应用可使运动训练者的机体运动性疲劳得以有效消除,使机体运动能力得到有效提高,从而减轻运动疲劳对人体产生的不利影响.论述了中药抗运动疲劳的作用机制、治疗原则以及所用中药的种类,指出应当遵循科学原则,合理使用中药,从而达到抗运动疲劳的理想效果.     

鸡胚尿囊膜法评价板蓝根提取液抗H1N1流感病毒活性作用

 为探讨板蓝根药材、板蓝根颗粒提取液及板蓝根活性组分对流感病毒活性的影响作用,应用鸡胚尿囊膜法评价了板蓝根药材及板蓝根颗粒提取液对流感病毒的预防、治疗和病毒中和作用;评价了板蓝根活性组分对流感病毒的中和应用。研究结果表明,板蓝根药材、板蓝根颗粒提取液及板蓝根活性组分对流感病毒活性具有良好的抑制作用。板蓝根药材提取液对流感病毒具有预防和中和病毒的作用,板蓝根颗粒提取液和板蓝根活性组分具有中和流感病毒的作用。     

流感病毒疫苗的研究现状与安全性问题

流行性感冒(简称流感)是由流感病毒(Influenza virus,IFV)引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,严重危害人类健康和生命.目前,临床上使用的抗流感病毒药物主要有M2离子通道抑制剂和神经氨酸酶抑制剂,接种流感疫苗仍然被认为是预防流感发生与传播的最佳方法.文章就目前流感疫苗的研究现状、研制流程、安全性和有效性的验证等多方面进行综述,为今后对疫苗进一步的研究提供了理论依据.     

复方阿胶浆治疗恶性肿瘤化疗骨髓抑制的临床观察

目的：观察复方阿胶浆对在恶性肿瘤化疗后骨髓抑制的治疗疗效。方法恶性肿瘤住院化疗患者90例,采用开放自身对照的方法,第1周期复方阿胶浆20 mL/次,每日3次,化疗当天开始口服21 d一疗程,连续治疗2个疗程,2疗程结束后评价疗效。结果白细胞、中性粒细胞升高的占77.5%,红细胞、血红蛋白升高的占85%,血小板升高的占52%。结论复方阿胶浆能够改善造血功能,减轻化疗对骨髓的损伤,提高患者的生活质量。     

参归多维口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨参归多维口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法小鼠连续灌胃给药30d后测各项迟发型变态反应和单核-巨噬细胞的碳廓清能力、脏器/体质量比值、体质量增长、半数溶血值、NK细胞活性等免疫学指标.结果参归多维口服液能增强小鼠迟发型变态反应和单核-巨噬细胞的碳廓清能力;但对小鼠的NK细胞活性、脏器/体质量比值、脾淋巴细胞被ConA诱导的转化能力以及半数溶血值无影响.结论参归多维口服液能够增强机体的免疫力.     

Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes

The influenza A viral heterotrimeric polymerase complex (PA, PB1, PB2) is known to be involved in many aspects of viral replication and to interact with host factors, thereby having a role in host specificity. The polymerase protein sequences from the 1918 human influenza virus differ from avian consensus sequences at only a small number of amino acids, consistent with the hypothesis that they were derived from an avian source shortly before the pandemic. However, when compared to avian sequences, the nucleotide sequences of the 1918 polymerase genes have more synonymous differences than expected, suggesting evolutionary distance from known avian strains. Here we present sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the complete genome of the 1918 influenza virus, and propose that the 1918 virus was not a reassortant virus (like those of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics), but more likely an entirely avian-like virus that adapted to humans. These data support prior phylogenetic studies suggesting that the 1918 virus was derived from an avian source. A total of ten amino acid changes in the polymerase proteins consistently differentiate the 1918 and subsequent human influenza virus sequences from avian virus sequences. Notably, a number of the same changes have been found in recently circulating, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses that have caused illness and death in humans and are feared to be the precursors of a new influenza pandemic. The sequence changes identified here may be important in the adaptation of influenza viruses to humans.     

Special features of the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

Since the 2009 pandemic H1N1 swine-origin influenza A virus (09 S-OIV) has reminded the world about the global threat of the ever changing influenza virus,many questions regarding the detailed re-assortment of influenza viruses yet remain unanswered.Influenza A virus is the causative agent of the pandemic flu and contains 2 major antigenic glycoproteins on its surface:(i) hemagglutinin (HA);and (ii) neuraminidase (NA).The structures of the 09 S-OIV HA and NA proteins (09H1 and 09N1) have recently been resolved in our laboratory and provide some clues as to why the 09 S-OIV re-assortment virus is highly infectious with severe consequences in humans.For example,the 09H1 is highly similar to the HA of the 1918 influenza A pandemic virus in overall structure and especially in regards to its 5 defined antibody binding epitopes.For 09N1,its most distinctive feature is the lack of a 150-loop active site cavity,which was previously predicted to be present in all N1 NAs,and we hypothesize that the 150-loop may play a important role in the substrate specificity (α2,3 or α2,6 linked sialic acid receptors) and enzymatic mechanism of influenza NA.Combination of the HA and NA with special characteristics for the 09 S-OIV might contribute to its high increased transmissibility in humans.     

银杏种仁保健功能的研究

观察饲喂银杏种仁对小鼠常压耐缺氧、负重游泳时间、爬杆时间、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性和血清过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）含量的影响。观察饲喂银杏仁对果蝇生存寿命的影响。结果表明,银杏种仁具有较强的耐缺氧作用和抗疲劳作用。此外,银杏种仁能够升高红细胞ＳＯＤ的活性、降低血清ＬＰＯ的含量,并使果蝇生存时间得以延长,说明银杏种仁具有一定的抗衰老作用。     

山葵中异硫氰酸酯的提取及其对流感病毒的作用

为了开发山葵的药用价值,采用萃取和蒸溜方法,提取山葵中有效成分异硫氰酸酯,把提取的异硫氰酸酯用血凝试验法和动物试验法对流感病毒的作用进行了试验,以弄清楚山葵中异硫氰酸酯的含量及其作用.研究结果表明,山葵中异硫氰酸酯含量为:须根中0.53mol·mL-1,根茎中0.80mol·mL-1,叶柄中0.27mol·mL-1.山葵中异硫氰酸酯对流感病毒有明显的杀效果,异硫氰酸酯和病毒的比例为0.15mL+0.05mL处理病毒90min,使病毒完全失去活性,不会再引起疾病.这为山葵中异硫氰酸酯的提取及其药用价值提供了科学依据.     

Epidemiological and risk analysis of the H7N9 subtype influenza outbreak in China at its early stage

Dozens of human cases infected with H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) have been confirmed in China since March, 2013. Distribution data of sexes, ages, professions and regions of the cases were analyzed in this report. The results showed that the elderly cases, especially the male elderly, were significantly more than expected, which is different from human cases of H5N1 avian influenza and human cases of the pandemic H1N1 influenza. The outbreak was rated as a Grade Ⅲ (severe) outbreak, and it would evolve into a Grade IV (very severe) outbreak soon, using a method reported previously. The H7N9 AIV will probably circulate in humans, birds and pigs for years. Moreover, with the driving force of natural selection, the virus will probably evolve into highly pathogenic AIV in birds, and into a deadly pandemic influenza virus in humans. Therefore, the H7N9 outbreak has been assumed severe, and it is likely to become very or extremely severe in the future, highlighting the emergent need of forceful scientific measures to eliminate any infected animal flocks. We also described two possible mild scenarios of the future evolution of the outbreak.     

禽流感病毒检测免疫组织化学染色改良方法的建立

目的本研究对如何消除禽流感病毒检测免疫组织化学染色的非特异性反应进行探讨,从而建立一种免疫组化染色的改良方法。方法对抗原修复方法、一抗孵育条件、内源性生物素封闭条件等进行优化,并用SABC检测系统对改良法和常规法进行比较。结果采用微波炉加热法修复抗原、一抗在37℃孵育1.5~2 h、20%的蛋清液室温封闭20 min的改良法比常规法的染色效果好,可有效消除背景干扰,阳性表达清晰,对比度高。结论建立的改良法特异性强,可用于禽流感病毒的基础研究和临床检验。     

反射式血氧饱和度测量系统设计

针对透射式血氧饱和度测量仪存在携带不便的问题, 设计了反射式血氧饱和度测量系统。系统主要由传感单元、 信号分离及滤波单元、 数据采集和处理单元以及显示模块组成。传感单元主要由光电传感器组成, 用于将人体的生物信号转化成电信号。由于传感单元提取的红光和红外光信号混在一起, 并有其他干扰信号, 需进行信号分离和滤波; 处理后的信号经A/D转换器STC12C5A60S2采样转化为数字量, 利用单片机计算得到血氧饱和度值, 并通过1602液晶显示结果。实验表明, 系统测量精度在1%左右, 满足临床使用要求。