病毒样颗粒为阳性对照的H5N1实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

合适的标准品对实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒(avain influenza virus,AIV)十分重要.本研究将H5N1AIV HA基因的部分序列插入到能够表达MS2噬菌体病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)DNA序列的表达载体上,诱导表达后得到了包裹有H5N1AIV HA基因RNA片段的VLP.该VLP能够耐受核酶的消化,形态与MS2噬菌体病毒颗粒形态相同.利用表达的VLP作为阳性标准品及设计的特异性荧光探针、淬灭链,使用优化的qPCR反应体系,得到qPCR检测H5N1亚型AIV的阳性对照标准曲线.研究结果为高致病性H5N1亚型AIV的准确定量检测提供了基础.     

H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因昆虫/杆状病毒系统的表达及对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护

经RT-PCR扩增了禽流感病毒A/Goose/Guangdong/1／96 H5N1亚型1．7kb HA基因的cDNA,将其克隆到pMD18-T中并测序。亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacA的蜜蜂蜂毒素分泌信号下游中,测序正确后与线性化的杆状病毒DNA(Bac-N-BlueTM DNA)共转染Sf9昆虫细胞。将重组杆状病毒感染HFive细胞,72h左右收获细胞,超声波裂解,SDS—PAGE结果表明HA基因在重组杆状病毒感染的HFive细胞中获得表达。蛋白胶薄层扫描分析显示:表达的HA蛋白占重组杆状病毒感染细胞总蛋白含量的17．1％。Western-blot 及血凝实验结果显示,表达的禽流感H5N1亚型病毒HA蛋白具有生物学活性。表达的H5 HA蛋白定量乳化后,皮下多点注射免疫SPF 级BALB/c雌性小鼠,免疫后产生了H5 HA特异抗体,并在三免前后达到并保持较高水平。用致死剂量的HPAIV H5N1攻击小鼠,免疫组小鼠提供了100％的保护力,而对照组小鼠先后发病且死亡:为研制禽流感H5N1亚型病毒亚单位疫苗,防制禽流感奠定了基础。     

猪流感病毒及其人类公共卫生意义

猪流感是目前危害全世界养猪业的重要呼吸道疾病之一.目前猪流感的致病毒株主要有经典性H1N1,类人型流感病毒,类禽型流感病毒,H1N2亚型流感病毒,H5N1和H9N2亚型流感病毒.特别是从猪体分离H5N1和H9N2亚型流感病毒对禽流感的控制及人类公共卫生方面有重要意义.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆与表达

 根据已知H5N1亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因序列设计、合成克隆引物.自灭活的云南地方H5N1亚型病毒阳性临床组织样品中提取总RNA,反转录后采用高可信度DNA聚合酶(Pyobest^TMDNA Polymerase)扩增HA基因,采用Invitrogen定向表达系统(Champion^TMpET directional TOPO expression system)进行克隆表达,纯化获得N末端携带多聚组氨酸标签的重组HA,分子质量约78ku.采用阳性血清经免疫印迹及ELISA分析重组HA的免疫反应性,结果表明重组HA能与H5N1亚型病毒抗血清发生特异性结合,具有良好的免疫反应性.     

高致病性禽流感分子鉴别诊断方法的建立

为了快速、敏感、特异地鉴别诊断高致病性禽流感,根据H 5,H 7亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列的保守区域设计出并合成两对特异性引物,利用这两对引物对H 5,H 7亚型禽流感病毒的HA基因片断进行二联RT-PCR扩增,并对二联RT-PCR检测方法进行敏感性及特异性试验。结果表明:这两对引物能特异性地扩增出H 5,H 7亚型禽流感病毒HA基因片段,大小分别为490 bp和375 bp;该检测方法敏感性高,特异性强;初步建立起快速、敏感、特异地鉴别检测H 5,H 7亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的分子诊断方法。     

禽流感病毒H9亚型特异性抗原捕捉ELISA检测方法的研究

 采用禽流感病毒多克隆抗体及H9亚型特异性单克隆抗体,研究建立H9亚型特异性抗原捕捉ELISA检测方法,用于检测H9亚型禽流感病毒.优化了反应条件,确定了包被抗体、检测抗体及酶结合物的最佳工作浓度,对该方法的敏感性、特异性、重复性及稳定性分析,并与RT-PCR方法比较.通过使用该方法对野外样品进行检测.结果表明该方法敏感、特异,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于检测临床样品、鸡胚培养物及细胞培养物中的H9亚型禽流感病毒.     

禽流感病毒H5HA基因在马铃薯中的表达

将编码禽流感病毒H5N1亚型HA基因(H5HA)的cDNA片段与CaMV35S启动子融合,通过农杆菌介导法转化马铃薯.分别用PCR,RT-PCR和Western斑点杂交方法对重组H5HA基因在马铃薯植株中的表达情况进行分析.实验结果表明,获得的12株转基因植株中,11株为阳性.Western斑点杂交检测表明H5HA重组蛋白已在马铃薯体内表达.这一结果将为利用马铃薯作为生物反应器生产禽流感口服疫苗提供理论依据.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒M基因的克隆与分子进化分析

以一株H5N1亚型禽流感病毒RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法,扩增M基因全长,将PCR产物克隆于pMD18-T载体,测序结果表明所克隆的982个核苷酸的片段包含了M1和M2基因的完整阅读框架,通过软件推导M1和M2基因分别编码252和97个氨基酸,将M全长序列与Genbank收录的10株H5N1亚型流感病毒M基因序列进行比较,病毒株之间M基因核苷酸序列同源性为92.3%～99.3%,编码的两个蛋白M1和M2氨基酸序列间同源性分别为为96.0%～98.8%和92.9%～99%,分子进化分析揭示了病毒株间的亲源关系.     

H5N1型禽流感病毒HA基因在烟草中的表达

禽流感病毒H5N1是可以直接感染人类的甲型流感病毒,发展植物源口服疫苗是疫苗研究的方向之一.本研究通过农杆菌介导的方法将禽流感病毒H5N1的HA基因转化烟草.共获得38株潮霉素抗性植株,经PCR和Southern-blotting检测,目的基因已整合到转基因植株的基因组中.Western-dotting检测结果表明,目的基因在转基因烟草中得到表达,具有免疫原性,获得了能够表达HA基因的植物口服疫苗候选植株.     

禽流感病毒H5N1血凝素基因和神经氨酸酶基因在真核酵母菌中的表达

目的克隆、表达和鉴定禽流感病毒H5N1血凝素基因（hemagglutinin,HA）和神经氨酸酶基因（neuramidinase,NA）序列,为制备抗体和基因工程疫苗打下基础。方法在成功克隆禽流感病毒H5N1全长HA、NA基因并测序的基础上,将部分基因序列克隆到表达载体pMET A上,构建了重组表达质粒pMET A/HA（49～1 587 bp）、pMET A/NA（121～1 200 bp）,电转化真核酵母菌pMAD16,甲醇诱导表达,利用Ni2＋亲和层析柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,并用Western Blotting和ELISA方法检测其抗原性。结果重组蛋白在酵母菌中可以高效表达,SDS-PAGE显示蛋白表达后形成了二聚体,蛋白纯度占总蛋白的95%以上,ELISA和Western Blotting实验证实,重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性。结论本研究成功克隆和表达了禽流感病毒H5N1 HA、NA基因序列,为禽流感病毒H5N1诊断试剂和疫苗的开发等进一步的研究提供了依据。     

通过载体表达siRNAs抑制禽流感病毒复制的研究

禽流感病毒是养禽业危害最严重的病原微生物之一。为探讨小干涉RNA(siRNA)对A型禽流感病毒复制的干扰作用,以H5亚型AIV PB2基因为靶序列,设计合成了4对编码siRNAs的DNA序列,将其克隆到psiRNA-hH1neo载体中,构建siRNAs表达载体,鉴定正确后将重组质粒转染MDCK细胞,采用G418筛选建立抗性细胞系,用血凝(HA)试验和real time RT-PCR试验检测抑制效果, 在细胞水平筛选出具有高效抑制AIV复制的2个靶位点PB2-1154、PB2-342、为AIV的基因功能研究,抗病毒药物的开发和转基因动物的研究奠定了基础。     

Cloning and Characterization of UL34 Gene of Pseudorabies Virus HB Isolate

In this study, China isolate HB of pseudorabies virus(PRV) was confirmed and genotypically characterized by amplifying and sequencing of partial UL34, a conservative gene involved in the egress of nucleocapsids from the nucleus, for phylogenetic analysis. The open reading frame(orf) of UL34 of PRV HB isolate is composed of 786 nucleotides, which encoded 262 amino acids. In addition, a potential transmembrane domain(241-260 aa) and 11 potential phosphorylation sites were also found in the UL34 of PRV HB isolate. Multiple amino acids alignment indicated that UL34 proteins of PRV strains derived from different geographic origins were highly conservative, but some mutations were also found. Phylogenetic analysis based on UL34 protein indicated that PRV HB strain was evolutionarily distinct from other recent China strains sequenced so far, forming a single clade within the phylogeny. Moreover, PRV HB isolate had close evolutionary relationship with Bo HV-1 and Bo HV-5 within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Taken together, these results indicated that PRV strains were in the progress of evolution. This study has expanded the knowledge of genetic profiles of PRV strains.     

Cloning and characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">UL</Emphasis>34 gene of pseudorabies virus HB isolate

In this study, China isolate HB of pseudorabies virus (PRV) was confirmed and genotypically characterized by amplifying and sequencing of partial UL34, a conservative gene involved in the egress of nucleocapsids from the nucleus, for phylogenetic analysis. The open reading frame (orf) of UL34 of PRV HB isolate is composed of 786 nucleotides, which encoded 262 amino acids. In addition, a potential transmembrane domain (241-260 aa) and 11 potential phosphorylation sites were also found in the UL34 of PRV HB isolate. Multiple amino acids alignment indicated that UL34 proteins of PRV strains derived from different geographic origins were highly conservative, but some mutations were also found. Phylogenetic analysis based on UL34 protein indicated that PRV HB strain was evolutionarily distinct from other recent China strains sequenced so far, forming a single clade within the phylogeny. Moreover, PRV HB isolate had close evolutionary relationship with BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 within the Alphaherpesvirinae. Taken together, these results indicated that PRV strains were in the progress of evolution. This study has expanded the knowledge of genetic profiles of PRV strains.     

禽流感病毒三种检测方法的比较研究

对分别应用病毒分离鉴定、反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)、间接免疫荧光(IFA)3种方法对病料组织中的禽流感病毒(AIV) 进行检测与比较研究。结果显示:经鸡胚尿囊腔接种分离到的病毒,通过用禽流感病毒H5、H9亚型单克隆抗体所进行的血凝(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI),鉴定为AIV H5亚型毒株;应用RT-PCR技术直接对病料组织抽提的RNA样品进行检测,从病料组织能扩增出大小为229bp的AIV通用目的片段和大小为380bp的H5亚型特异性片段;取病料组织的过滤液接种狗肾上皮细胞(MDCK)单层,24h后用H5亚型AIV特异性的单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验,结果在细胞核、细胞质内观察到特异性的荧光。研究的结果表明,3种技术都可对病料样品中的AIV进行检测,而RT-PCR和IFA两种方法还可直接对病料样品中的病毒进行亚型的鉴定。相对而言,后两者具有更快速、更敏感、操作更简便的特点。     

Evidence for host-cell selection of influenza virus antigenic variants

Extensive antigenic variability and a capricious epidemiology are characteristics of influenza A and B viruses of man. The haemagglutinin (HA) undergoes frequent and progressive antigenic drift as a result of selection, under immunological pressure, of viruses possessing alterations in the amino acid sequences at specific sites in the molecule. Here we present evidence for an additional selection mechanism for antigenic variants of influenza virus that depends on differing host cell tropisms of virus subpopulations. These studies were initiated after earlier observations of the occurrence of a marked degree of antigenic variation during passage of laboratory strains of influenza virus in eggs and cell cultures (J.C.J., in preparation). We have now shown that cultivation of influenza B viruses in eggs selects subpopulations which are antigenically distinct from virus from the same source grown in mammalian cell cultures. As antigenic characterization of influenza virus strains for epidemiological purposes and for the preparation of influenza vaccines conventionally relies on the cultivation of virus in eggs, our findings may have important practical implications for vaccine design and efficacy.     

Prediction of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 avian influenza virus by in silico molecular docking

The H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has widely spread in Asia, Europe and Africa, making a large amount of economic loss. Recently, our research group has screened a common neutralizing mono- clonal antibody named 8H5, which can neutralize almost all H5 subtype AIV ever isolated so far. Obvi- ously, this monoclonal antibody would benefit for research and development of the universal AIV vac- cine and design of the drug against H5N1 AIV in high mutation rate. In this study, the homology mod- eling was applied to generate the 3D structure of 8H5 Fab fragment, and "canonical structure" method was used to define the specified loop conformation of CDR regions. The model was subjected to en- ergy minimization in cvff force field with Discovery module in Insight II program. The resulting model has correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot calculation and good 3D-structure compatibility as assessed by interaction energy analysis, solvent accessible surface (SAS) analysis, and Profiles-3D approach. Furthermore, the 8H5 Fab model was subjected to docking with three H5 subtype hemagglutinin (HA) structures deposited in PDB (ID No: 1jsm, 2ibx and 2fk0) respectively. The result indicates that the three docked complexes share a common binding interface, but differ in bind- ing angle related with HA structure similarity between viral subtypes. In the light of the three HA inter- faces with structural homology analysis, the common neutralizing epitope on HA recognized by 8H5 consists of 9 incontinuous amino acid residues: Asp68, Asn72, Glu112, Lys113, Ile114, Pro118, Ser120, Tyr137, Tyr252 (numbered as for 1jsm sequence). The primary purpose of the present work is to provide some insight into structure and binding details of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 AIV, thereby aiding in the structure-based design of universal AIV vaccines and anti-virus therapeutic drugs.     

孔雀低致病性禽流感病毒株的分离与鉴定

用鸡胚分离方法从发病孔雀脑组织中分离病毒;将分离病毒进行血凝试验、血凝抑制试验、致病指数试验和半数致死量试验。结果表明,该株病毒可凝集鸡红血球,血凝性可被已知的禽流感(H9N2)抗体所抑制,脑内致病指数在1.6~2.5范围内,半数致死量,致病指数为50%,表明该病毒为低致病力禽流感毒株。     

Prediction of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 avian influenza virus by in silico molecular docking

The H5N1 avian influenza virus （AIV） has widely spread in Asia, Europe and Africa, making a large amount of economic loss. Recently, our research group has screened a common neutralizing mono-clonal antibody named 8H5, which can neutralize almost all H5 subtype AIV ever isolated so far. Obviously, this monoclonal antibody would benefit for research and development of the universal AIV vac-cine and design of the drug against H5N1 AIV in high mutation rate. In this study, the homology modeling was applied to generate the 3D structure of 8H5 Fab fragment, and ＂canonical structure＂ method was used to define the specified loop conformation of CDR regions. The model was subjected to energy minimization in cvff force field with Discovery module in Insight II program. The resulting model has correct stereochemistry as gauged from the Ramachandran plot calculation and good 3D-structure compatibility as assessed by interaction energy analysis, solvent accessible surface （SAS） analysis, and Profiles-3D approach. Furthermore, the 8H5 Fab model was subjected to docking with three H5 subtype hemagglutinin （HA） structures deposited in PDB （ID No： ljsm, 2ibx and 2fk0） respectively. The result indicates that the three docked complexes share a common binding interface, but differ in binding angle related with HA structure similarity between viral subtypes. In the light of the three HA inter-faces with structural homology analysis, the common neutralizing epitope on HA recognized by 8H5 consists of 9 incontinuous amino acid residues： Asp^58, Asn^72, Glu^112, Lys^113, lie^114, Pro^118, Ser^120, Tyr^137, Tyr^252 （numbered as for ljsm sequence）. The primary purpose of the present work is to provide some insight into structure and binding details of a common neutralizing epitope of H5N1 AIV, thereby aiding in the structure-based design of universal AIV vaccines and anti-virus therapeutic drugs.     

血吸虫抗原肽对某些肿瘤细胞的抑制作用

引言防治肿瘤是当今人类面临的最为迫切的医学难题之一,世界各国有为数众多的医药学家致力于该领域的研究,从已知的或新发现的各种化合物中筛选出具有抗肿瘤活性的物质仍是一种有效的方法。随着多肽化学的发展,具有各种生理活性的多肽分子不断被发现,而多肽分子作为天...     

Epidemiological and risk analysis of the H7N9 subtype influenza outbreak in China at its early stage

Dozens of human cases infected with H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) have been confirmed in China since March, 2013. Distribution data of sexes, ages, professions and regions of the cases were analyzed in this report. The results showed that the elderly cases, especially the male elderly, were significantly more than expected, which is different from human cases of H5N1 avian influenza and human cases of the pandemic H1N1 influenza. The outbreak was rated as a Grade Ⅲ (severe) outbreak, and it would evolve into a Grade IV (very severe) outbreak soon, using a method reported previously. The H7N9 AIV will probably circulate in humans, birds and pigs for years. Moreover, with the driving force of natural selection, the virus will probably evolve into highly pathogenic AIV in birds, and into a deadly pandemic influenza virus in humans. Therefore, the H7N9 outbreak has been assumed severe, and it is likely to become very or extremely severe in the future, highlighting the emergent need of forceful scientific measures to eliminate any infected animal flocks. We also described two possible mild scenarios of the future evolution of the outbreak.