替考拉宁-3模拟移动床色谱分离的前处理

采用HPLC方法对替考拉宁-3粗原料进行了前处理研究.试验结果表明,当固定相为YGW-C18H37,粒度为30-40μm,流动相甲醇:水=5:5(体积比,室温)时,用HPLC方法分离的替考拉宁-3产品,适宜用作模拟移动床色谱进一步分离和提纯.     

替考拉宁工业分离色谱条件选择

讨论了糖肽类抗菌素(替考拉宁)工业分离色谱条件,对参数进行了系统的测试与优化,柱的尺寸为5cm×10cm,流动相为甲醇和水(体积比60∶40,pH值6-7),固定相为C18,6nm;进样体积15mL及进样流速20mL/min等.结论为采用模拟移动床分离提供了基础.     

替考拉宁工业分离色谱条件选择

讨论了糖肽类抗菌素(替考拉宁)工业分离色谱条件,对参数进行了系统的测试与优化,柱的尺寸为5 cm×10 cm,流动相为甲醇和水(体积比60:40,pH值6-7),固定相为C18,6 nm;进样体积15 mL及进样流速20 mL/min等.结论为采用模拟移动床分离提供了基础.     

培养基中有机氮源对替考拉宁发酵的影响

替考拉宁是采用放线菌发酵生产的一种重要抗生素,发酵培养基中有机氮源的选择对替考拉宁的产量有较大影响,比较了培养基中分别添加豆饼粉、酵母粉及蛋白胨对替考拉宁发酵单位的影响,结果表明,2％酵母粉的效果最优,其效价比等量豆饼粉提高16％,比等量蛋白胨提高20％.     

肠球菌临床耐药性分析及耐药基因vanM在屎肠球菌中的检测

目的了解肠球菌临床分离株耐药性及vanM基因在屎肠球菌的分布情况,为临床合理用药及探讨耐药机制提供依据.方法采用VITEK60全自动微生物分析仪对肠球菌进行鉴定及药敏试验,按NCCLS/CLSI标准判断并统计分析结果;PCR法检测耐万古霉素、替考拉宁菌株中的耐药基因vanM,并对阳性基因进行测序,分析耐药基因与耐药性的关系.结果临床分离肠球菌共506株,其中屎肠球菌277株,粪肠球菌229株.尿液标本来源比例最高,为167株（33%）;粪便标本114株（22.5%）;痰液标本78株（15.4%）;胆汁标本57株（11.3%）;脓液标本54株（10.7%）;其他来源36株（7.1%）.药敏结果显示：肠球菌对大部分临床抗菌药高度耐药,屎肠球菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物（氨苄西林）、喹诺酮类（左氧氟沙星）、糖肽类（万古霉素、替考拉宁）的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌（P〈0.05）.vanM基因在耐万古霉素菌株中的检出率为100%,耐替考拉宁菌株检出率为90%.结论屎肠球菌可引起临床各类感染,屎肠球菌对大多数抗生素的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌,且呈多重耐药趋势.vanM基因可能在糖肽类药物万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药机制中发挥重要作用.     

276例临床分离金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性分析

目的 分析住院患者金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药特点,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法 细菌鉴定应用VITEK32全自动微生物分析鉴定系统,采用K-B法对临床分离的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株进行药物敏感性试验;头孢西丁和苯唑西林纸片扩散法检测MRSA.结果 276株金黄色葡萄球菌中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 165株占59.8％;金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA) 111株,占40.2％.MRSA对青霉素G、氨苄西林100％耐药;对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉宁100％敏感;对氯霉素、呋喃妥因、利福平耐药率分别为9.1％、15.2％、17％;其他耐药率都在60％以上.MRSA的耐药率明显高于MSSA,且呈逐年上升趋势.结论 金黄色葡萄球菌对多种抗菌药均具有较高的耐药性,临床应根据药敏结果确定患者的治疗方案.糖肽类抗生素(万古霉素、替考拉宁)可作为MRSA重症感染患者的首选药物.     

高效液相色谱法测定鲑鱼降钙素及其注射液中含量

选择优化的HPLC色谱条件 ,用梯度洗脱法分离测定原药及注射液中鲑鱼降钙素的含量。以Vydac 2 1 8TP54C1 8柱 (4.6× 2 50mm ,30 0 0A ,5μm )作分析柱 ,流动相∶A液为 0 .0 5mol L磷酸二氢钠缓冲液 (pH =3.0 ) ,B液为A液 +乙腈 (2∶3)。梯度洗脱∶B液在 2 0min内从 45%增加至 70 %。检测波长为 2 1 5nm。方法的精密度、线性关系、回收率均良好 ,和生物测定法相比较 ,本法简便、快速、经济 ,测定结果较为满意。并用建立的方法考察原药及其注射液的稳定性。     

HPLC法测定注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(2∶1)的含量

建立注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(2∶1)含量测定的HPLC分析方法。采用ODS色谱柱(150mm×6.0mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水相(23∶77),水相为pH5.0的0.005mol/L氢氧化四丁基铵和0.05mol/LKH2PO4水溶液;检测波长220nm。头孢哌酮和舒巴坦分离度及线性关系良好,回收率分别为99.9%和100.4%,并可同时分离其中的头孢哌酮S异构体、头孢哌酮降解物B及其他相关物质。该方法准确、可靠,适用于注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠(2∶1)的含量测定,相比于中国药典(2010版)中注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠含量测定的流动相有所改进,提高了适用性。     

北虫草培养残基中虫草素的提取纯化及抗肿瘤活性

以北虫草固体培养残基为实验材料,比较闪式提取、超声波提取和超高压提取培养残基中虫草素的效果,用陶瓷膜过滤提取液,获得虫草素粗提液,利用高速逆流色谱分离制备虫草素,通过LC-MS/MS对产物结构进行鉴定,并验证了虫草素对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用。结果显示,超高压提取培养基中虫草素较好,高速逆流色谱分离纯化条件是以V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(正丁醇)∶V(水)=2∶3∶5的两相溶剂系统,上相为固定相,下相为流动相,流速3.0mL/min,主机转速900r/min,分离温度28℃,以此分离条件经一步洗脱,高速逆流色谱收集馏分,其中峰Ⅲ产物经HPLC检测纯度达97.6%,结构经LC-MS/MS鉴定为虫草素。从100g北虫草培养残基中可制备得虫草素181.90mg,并对其活性验证发现剂量为100mg/kg时小鼠S180肉瘤瘤重抑制率为64.48%。     

反相高效液相色谱法定量测定血浆中马来酸罗格列酮

建立了一种简便的反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定血浆中马来酸罗格列酮的含量.血样经C18固相萃取小柱萃取后,在色谱柱(LichospherC184 6mm×250mm5μm)上,以甲醇∶0 01mol·L-1NH4Ac=69∶31(pH6.0)为流动相进行分离,流速为0 9mL·min-1,荧光检测,激发波长为370nm(Ex),发射波长为250nm(Em),最低检测限为1ng,结果表明,马来酸罗格列酮血药浓度在0 031～2 00μg·mL-1之间,峰面积与血药浓度呈线性关系,方法的平均回收率为99 98%,RSD为3 35%,日内、日间的精密度小于5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with