孤岛微电网的电压不平衡二次控制策略

为了解决微网公共耦合点(point of common coupling,PCC)电压不平衡问题,提出基于二次控制的电压不平衡补偿方法.该方法依据分层控制理论,建立二次控制层,通过二次控制层中的微电网中央控制器对每个分布式电源的本地控制器产生的偏差进行二次控制与调节,并采用低带宽通信网络实现控制层之间的信息交换.而本地控制层则采用改进的下垂控制方法,并加入虚拟阻抗环来控制逆变型微源的等效输出阻抗特性;电压电流环则采用准比例谐振控制实现电流、电压的无静差控制.该方法不仅从全局的角度补偿PCC点的电压偏差,而且实现无功功率的精确分配.最后仿真验证了所提控制策略的有效性.     

分布式并联逆变器解耦电流下垂控制技术

针对微电网分布式逆变器下垂控制并联系统,研究了不同容量逆变器并联时的功率流控制。线路阻抗的存在不仅会造成有功功率和无功功率的耦合,还会造成有功功率和无功功率无法按照额定的容量分配。本文在分析传统下垂控制原理以及解耦控制的基础上,提出了一种新型下垂控制方法。该方法不仅能实现有功功率和无功功率的解耦,而且能进一步实现有功功率和无功功率的精确控制。该方法可以消除线路阻抗对功率分配的影响。仿真和实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

基于改进下垂控制的并联微源功率分配控制策略研究

针对传统下垂控制策略的多台逆变器并联孤岛运行时,因固有局限性及分布式电源之间的线路阻抗差异,会导致频率偏移、电压偏差和各逆变器不能按比例精确输出无功功率,导致系统不稳定的问题.提出一种新型改进下垂控制策略.将功率偏差量和电压偏差量引入传统下垂控制策略的串联校正环节中,提高有功-无功功率的分配精度,实现PCC处频率和电压...     

一种400Hz逆变电源的无线并联综合控制方法

针对传统无线下垂并联控制系统稳态均流精度和输出电压控制精度之间存在的固有矛盾,以及输出电压幅值控制中存在的无功功率偏差的问题,本研究采用了一种新型并联综合控制方法,其中对幅值控制采用新的自适应下垂控制算法,以进一步提高无功功率的均分程度,同时电压精度与传统下垂法使用最小的下垂系数的输出电压一致;本研究采用虚拟阻抗使逆变器具有固定的输出阻抗,克服了由于输出阻抗不一致引起的环流过大;本研究还采用积分器补偿器,缓慢调整所有并联逆变电源参考电压的幅值和频率,使系统进入稳态后既消除环流又保证输出电压的控制精度。通过仿真验证了该方案的良好性能。     

含多分布式电源的孤岛微电网改进下垂控制策略

含多分布式电源并联运行的孤岛微电网,由于各线路阻抗差异,采用下垂控制策略无法实现无功功率合 理分配。为此,提出一种自调节虚拟阻抗下垂控制策略,通过无功功率调整虚拟阻抗,在不检测线路阻抗参数 的情况下补偿阻抗差异引起的输出电压差异,使各逆变器输出无功功率均等分配或按容量比分配。在Matlab / Simulink 中搭建含有两个分布式电源并联运行的孤岛微电网仿真模型,在两种情况下验证了改进下垂控制策略 能实现无功功率均分和按容量比分配。     

采用一致性下垂控制的多储能微电网的协调运行研究

直流微电网的主要控制目标是确保合理分配负荷至每个微源并保持直流电压稳定.提出一种基于一致性下垂的分布式协调控制策略,用于具有多个储能单元的直流微电网.使多个储能单元在分层控制的框架下根据一致性协议实现协调控制:第1层控制采用P-V下垂控制方法;第2层控制采用基于离散一致性算法的二次电压补偿;第3层控制各储能单元的荷电状态,得到最优下垂系数.该控制方法在低通信条件下通过本地信息可以进行全局控制,实现母线电压调节和精确的功率分配.在Simulink中建立仿真模型,仿真结果表明可以实现功率均衡的分配,很好地控制了系统能量的平衡.     

含恒功率和下垂控制机组的微网小信号模型简化分析

为了使微网小信号模型更加简练,分别只考虑采用下垂控制策略机组和采用恒功率(PQ)控制策略机组的下垂控制环节、直流侧电压和无功控制环节的动态性能.由于交流侧滤波电抗一般大于线路阻抗,近似认为采用PQ控制策略机组的输出功率取决于其逆变器桥臂输出电压的幅值和相角,从而可跟下垂控制简化模型相统一,便于小信号模型建立.针对取较大下垂系数难于保证功率分配外环稳定问题,在有功下垂控制环节中增设了前馈环节来改善系统稳定性,最后通过时域仿真加以验证分析结论.     

无互联线逆变器并联控制技术

传统的有互联线逆变器并联方式容易引入干扰.为此,研究了一种有利于采用全数字化有功功率、无功功率检测的逆变器无互联线下垂控制并联运行方案.在双闭环控制逆变器并联的系统模型下对功率理论进行分析,引入了基于频率和电压的下垂控制方程并推导下垂控制参数,介绍了一种有功功率、无功功率检测(PQ)调节方式并得出相应计算公式.仿真结果表明,该控制方案可以使逆变器间在无互联线的情况下获得良好的动态和静态特性,使负载的有功功率及无功功率得到了均分.     

一种并联分布式微源的无功功率均分控制策略

在微电网多逆变器并联系统中,由于各逆变器之间的输出阻抗和馈线阻抗存在差异,因此,应用传统的下垂控制策略会导致逆变器间无功均分精度较低而造成环流问题。为了减小环流、提高无功分配的精度,提出一种改进型下垂控制的微电网无功均分策略。该方案利用低带宽通信获取各微源的无功功率信息,修改无功电压下垂特性曲线的电压偏置,达到提高无功出力分配精度的目的。同时,所提出的环流和负荷电压偏差为优化指标的目标函数,优化并设计控制参数。研究结果表明:改进的无功均分方法在不影响有功功率均分的条件下,极大提高了微源无功功率均分的精度,并具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

电流精确分配的直流微网储能单元SOC均衡控制策略

直流微网运行时，本地不平衡负载及不匹配线路电阻使传统下垂控制不能实现电流的精确分配及储能单元荷电状态(state of charge,简称SOC)均衡.针对上述问题，提出电流精确分配的直流微网储能单元SOC均衡控制策略.引入等效参考输出电流，通过PI(proportional integral)控制器产生电压补偿量，降低本地不平衡负载及不匹配线路电阻对分流精度的影响.通过动态调整下垂系数改变输出电流，使各储能单元SOC偏差逐渐减小，以实现储能单元的SOC均衡.仿真结果表明所提控制策略具有有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with