化学驱油技术在胜利油区的应用研究

胜利油区绝大部分油田的开发都已进入“三高”阶段．利用化学驱技术可以改善和提高这类油田的石油采收率．胜利油区现场应用的化学驱油技术主要是：聚合物驱和三元复合驱（ＳＡＰ）．在决定石油采收率的众多因素中,驱油剂的波及效率和洗油效率是最重要的参数,而聚合物驱和三元复合驱基本满足了这两个参数．经过向部分井中注入聚合物、活性剂、碱的先导试验,选定了用于聚合物驱的水溶性聚合物和三元复合驱的碱、活性剂、聚合物．采用了一泵一井注入流程、一泵对多井远距离定量供液流程、母液配制全过程自动控制技术等．通过在孤东、孤岛等油田的应用,化学驱油技术平均可以提高采收率２０％,从而为化学驱油的进一步推广应用和基础研究奠定了基础．     

胜利油区聚合物驱油试验研究

利用物理模拟、数值模拟、油藏工程等多种技术手段,结合矿场聚合物驱油开采特征,探讨了聚合物驱油规律,并对影响聚合物驱效果的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明,储层参数,注入时机,流体粘度和聚合物窜流等是影响聚合物驱油效果的主要因素。为了进一步提高聚合物驱油效果,应提高聚合物溶液与原油的粘度比,选择有利的注聚油藏,加强注聚前准备和注聚过程中的管理工作。     

胜利油区聚合物驱油试验研究

利用物理模拟、数值模拟、油藏工程等多种技术手段 ,结合矿场聚合物驱油开采特征 ,探讨了聚合物驱油规律 ,并对影响聚合物驱效果的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明 ,注入参数、储层参数、注入时机、流体粘度和聚合物窜流等是影响聚合物驱油效果的主要因素。为了进一步提高聚合物驱油效果 ,应提高聚合物溶液与原油的粘度比 ,选择有利的注聚油藏 ,加强注聚前准备和注聚过程中的管理工作。     

微生物提高采收率过程中促进原油动用的机制

随着石油需求的不断增长,提高采收率越来越重要。近年来,选择微生物及其代谢产物作为驱油材料,可以降低成本、减少环境污染且效果较好。已有不少学者通过渗吸、填砂管模型、驱替、数值模拟等实验方法对MEOR的效率进行了研究。本文总结了微生物驱油的五个机制,并通过比较其对微生物驱油效率的影响,发现渗透率变化、改善岩石表面润湿性和界面张力降低在微生物驱油机制中占主导地位。参与MEOR的细菌能够适应不同条件的储层环境,并代谢出生物活性物质,其中生物表面活性剂应用效果最为明显。最后,本研究将有助于理解微生物与提高采收率的关系,并确定其在增加石油产量中发挥作用的机制,对于MEOR在油气行业的发展具有重要意义。     

聚台物驱不同阶段动态调整技术的研究与应用

根据聚合物驱见效特征，将聚合物驱过程划分为见效初期、见效高峰期和递减期3个阶段．对各阶段所要采用的动态调整技术进行了研究，且在现场应用中取得了很好的效果．     

河南油田聚合物驱增油效果评价方法探讨

高含水期聚合物驱开发单元增油量是聚合物驱产油量与水驱基础产量之差额，如何确定聚合物驱产油量是增油效果评价和经济评价的关键．采用数模预测方法计算聚合物驱产油量与实际生产结果有一定差距，又调整起来费时费力．通过比较多种方法，提出了“三阶段”预测聚合物驱产油量的模型方法，即产量上升阶段、峰值稳定阶段和产量递减阶段预测模型．此方法具有准确、简便的特点，在河南油田3个不同聚合物驱区决增油效果预测中符合程度较高．     

不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液驱油效果研究

目前大庆油田聚合物驱试验区主要采用清水配制污水稀释聚合物的注入方式,不同水质矿化度能够大幅度影响聚合物溶液的黏度,对于是否可以通过降低污水矿化度提高驱油效果尚未得到统一的认识。通过人造长方岩心恒压驱油实验考察了四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液等黏条件下的驱油效果。研究表明,在渗透率为900 m D岩心(岩心规格4.5 cm×4.5 cm×30 cm)中,剪前等黏70 m Pa·s等段塞大小四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物体系,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值增加3.3%;等聚合物用量条件下,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值降低2.9%;驱油段塞受地层水稀释对驱油效果的影响达1.8%。通过对比分析,明确了不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液对驱油效果影响,可以为现场进一步开展聚合物驱提供参考。     

聚合物驱后提高采收率方式实验研究

结合孤岛油田注聚区块地层情况,优选出了适于聚合物驱后进一步提高采收率的驱油剂─—阳离子聚合物,研究了其驱油机理、在均质岩心中的驱油效果、均质岩心聚合物驱后水驱不同倍数时的驱油效果;研究了非均质地层聚合物驱后进行调剖或不调剖的驱油效果,并与具有超低界面张力的驱油剂的驱油效果进行了对比.研究表明,聚驱后注入的阳离子聚合物通过吸附、絮凝等作用可使后续水驱波及体积进一步增加,聚驱后转水驱阶段越早注入阳离子聚合物其驱油效果越好,非均质地层聚驱后对高渗层进行适当的封堵再注入阳离子聚合物可较大幅度地提高采收率.     

多重交联聚合物防窜驱油组分模型模拟器

首次针对多重交联聚合物防窜驱油油藏数值模拟问题,开展了渗流数学理论研究．运用室内物理模拟结果和质量、动量守恒原理,建立起了完备的多重交联聚合物防窜驱油组分模型．利用先进的数值模拟理论,研制了适合于多重交联的三维两相水、油、聚合物、总阴离子、二价阳离子、瞬时交联剂、缓交联剂共７个组分的组分模型模拟器．从而为多重交联聚合物防窜驱油油藏的研究提供了理论方法和数值模拟工具．利用该模拟器可以对各种交联聚合物防窜／聚合物驱油、堵水、调剖试验进行模拟和研究,准确地提出适合于实验区的堵水、调剖、瞬时交联聚合物防窜驱油、缓交联聚合物防窜驱油、聚合物驱油的开发方案,并对开发历史进行拟合．在实验区可以进行多井多种防窜、堵水、调剖方式的组合、交叉模拟以筛选适合于不同区域的最佳驱油方案．还可以对驱油过程中的各种反应过程,即物理化学反应过程和静、动态渗流场的变化过程进行全方位的模拟显示和预测．从而进一步完善了三次采油聚合物驱油的油藏数值模拟方法．还对多重交联、缓交联聚合物防窜／聚合物驱油过程中的某些问题进行了详尽的讨论分析     

采油技术发展现状与趋势探讨

目前世界上已形成三次采油的四大技术系列,即化学驱、气驱、热力驱和微生物驱。其中化学驱包括聚合物驱、表面活性剂驱、碱驱及其复配的二元、三元复合驱、泡沫驱等;气驱包括CO2混相/非混相驱、氮气驱、烃类气驱和烟道气驱等;热力驱包括蒸汽吞吐、热水驱、蒸汽驱和火烧油层等;微生物驱包括微生物调剖或微生物驱油等。四大三次采油技术中,有的已形成工业化应用,有的正在开展先导性矿场试验,还有的还处于理论研究之中。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.