Palaeogeothermal response and record of the effusing of Emeishan basalts in the Sichuan basin

Thermal history of the Sichuan basin is reconstructed based on vitrinite reflectance from boreholes in the basin using a paleo-heat flow method.The results show that the Sichuan basin experienced a relatively low heat flow period in the Early Paleozoic,and an elevated paleo-heat flow,ranging 60-80 mW/m2 with a maximum as high as 100 mW/m2 around 259 Ma,from the beginning of the Late Paleozoic to the end of the early Permian,and a decreased paleo-heat flow from the late Permian to the late Triassic,and then ...     

Geothermal field and thermotectonic evolution in Southern South Yellow Sea Basin

Based on the available borehole temperature data and measurements of thermal conductivities on 10 core samples in the Southern South Yellow Sea Basin, 8 heat flow values are obtained. The results show that the mean values of temperature gradient and heat flow are 28.6“C/km and 69 mW/m^2, respectivdy. The thermal history reconstruction from the inversion of vitrinite reflectance data, using the temperature-gradient method, indicates that the highest paleo-heat flow occurred at the end of the Mesozoic, and then the barn began to cool to present day. Tectonic subsidence analysis shows that the basin experienced at least four episodes of quick subsidence since the late Paleozoic and that the tectonic evolution was quite strong and complex.     

塔里木盆地深部构造与震旦纪裂谷

塔里木盆地是一个发育在塔里木反块中部的大型克拉通盆地，它位于一近东西向展布的地幔隆起之上，其地壳厚度为４１～５０ｋｍ。盆地基底结构复杂，由太古界—下元古界深变质岩系和中上元古界浅变质岩系经８００Ｍａ前的热构造事件拼合固结而成。基底四周被深大断裂切割，控制和影响着盆地的形成与演化。震旦纪，岩石圈伸展分裂，塔里木盆地南北缘均为被动大陆边缘，其裂谷作用具有北强南弱东强西弱的特点。因此，在盆地部形成夭折裂谷，盆地西南则表现为克拉通内坳陷     

Heat flow distribution in Chinese continent and its adjacent areas

Using a compilation of 6980 heat flow measurements, we produce a new heat flow map for the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas. We develop an objective and integrated method to interpolate the heat flow data, taking into account both the uniformity within geological units and coherency of regional heat flow. The geologic units are outlined based on Zhang et al.＇s active tectonic block model. Our heat flow model is presented in two formats： a contour map and a heat flow dataset with values on a 1 × 1° grid for the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas, reflecting detailed variations in some regions. Also provided is a resolution map which helps understand the reliability of the heat flow model. Our results reveal that （1） Heat flows in the eastern part of the Chinese continent are relatively higher than those in the western part except that in the Tibetan Plateau area. （2） Heat flows in the Ordos and North China blocks are around 60 mW/m^2, and are 50-55 mW/m^2 in South China except for the continental marginal sea regions. （3） Heat flow is the lowest in the Junggar Basin, only 35-45 mW/m^2, and is 45-55 mW/m^2 in the Tarim Basin. The results of this study provide an important dataset for studies on thermal and rheological structures of the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas.     

Geothermal measurements in the pilot-boreholes of the china continental scientific drilling

The geothermal measurements in the pilot-boreholes of the China Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) indicate that the temperature gradients in the target area of the deep drilling range from 19 to 26℃/km, which is lower than that (25—30℃/km) for the global continental area and similar to that for the KTB (21—28℃/km). Thermal conductivity measurements for 44 core samples show that the ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks have 50% higher thermal conductivity (with a mean of 3.94±1.26 W/mK) than that for the average value of the upper crust. The measured heat flow values vary between 76 and 80 mW/m², higher than that for the global continental area (65±1.6 mW/m²) and the continental China (61±15.5 mW/m²) as well as the adjacent North Jiangsu Basin (68 mW/m²), but lower than that below 1000 m in the KTB (85 mW/m²). The elevated heat flow in the pilot-boreholes can be attributed to the lateral heat concentration due to higher rock thermal conductivity of the UHP belt than that of the adjacent rocks. Lower deep temperature in the target area of the deep drilling can be expected due to the lower measured temperature gradient, which means that the Sulu area is geothermally suitable for continental deep drilling.     

柴北缘东段中、新生代构造物理模拟研究

根据柴达木盆地北缘区域应力场和断裂发育特征设计地质模型,对其东段两条典型地质剖面形成时的受力方式、主要断裂的形成和演化进行构造物理模拟实验。结果表明,柴北缘东段凸起具有两种成因机制:挤压过程中,由于基性岩层刚性强度不同,在上覆地层形成断冲、凸起构造(如大红沟凸起);基底软流物质上涌引起上覆地层凸起变形,凸起具有背斜构造的形态特征(如锡铁山凸起)。柴北缘东段断裂系统由两期构造运动形成,早期受燕山运动作用,形成的断裂以北倾南冲为主;晚期,受新构造运动作用,形成的断裂以南倾北冲为特征,断层主要分布在南侧一带。     

Distribution feature of terrestrial heat flow densities in the Bohai Basin,East China

Temperature logging curves at 8 boreholes and well-testing temperature data at 142 boreholes are used to determine geotemperature gradients in the Bohai Basin. The thermal conductivities of 86 rock samples are measured at laboratory and the effects of porosity and temperature are corrected to obtain conductivities in situ. Terrestrial heat flow densities at 76 wells are determined based on these data. The distribution of the heat flow indicates that the terrestrial heat flow in the Bohai Basin is relatively high with an average value of 65.8 mW/m². This characteristic is caused by the tectonic evolution of the basin. During Cenozoic, the lithosphere stretched intermittently and the crust thinned so that heat conducted from the mantle increased and formed thermal abnormity at depth beneath the basin.     

地表温度异常机理及热红外遥感监测——以河南焦作煤层气富集区为例

在地表能量辐射平衡理论分析的基础上,从岩石热传导、土壤热传导以及煤层气储层影响热导率等方面分析了地下热传导,探讨了地球内部热量传递导致地表温度异常的原因.选择河南焦作煤层气富集区作为热红外遥感监测靶区,运用ASTER热红外遥感数据进行温度反演.首先利用大气辐射传输模型MODTRAN 4进行大气校正获得大气透过率,然后根据NDVI计算地表比辐射率,最后采用分裂窗简化算法反演地表温度.结果表明: 研究区温度反演最低为296.62K,最高为302.67K,部分研究区呈现显著温度异常.通过分析该区域温度异常的不同原因,注意到富含煤层气对应的靶区呈现温度异常,根据地下热传导机理,据此推断该靶区温度异常是由于地下煤层富含煤层气从而导致地下热导率低于周围地层的热导率所致,该结论仍需要应用其他手段进一步验证.     

东营凹陷孔店期-沙四早期构造格局恢复

综合利用地震、录井、测井等资料,通过断裂体系的静态描述和动态解析,结合现今残留地层特征、地层剥蚀特征及原始厚度恢复,对东营凹陷孔店期-沙四早期原始构造格局进行研究。结果表明:孔店期-沙四早期是东营凹陷构造应力场的转变时期,新产生的北东东向断裂和继承性活动的北西向先存断裂构成了该时期的控盆断裂体系,控制了该层系的原始沉积,形成了北断南超的断陷盆地,呈现"盆岭相间"格局;东营凹陷在孔店期-沙四早期全区均接受了原始沉积,形成陈南断层下降盘地区、博兴洼陷和林樊家地区3个次洼,林樊家凸起和青城凸起尚未形成;沉积期以及沉积后断裂体系的持续活动造成了原始地层被切割、改造,在凸起区、断层上升盘及南部缓坡区形成了缓坡带、堑垒带和断块的剥蚀,剥蚀厚度等值线呈近东西向展布。     

Determination of palaeotemperature and palaeogeothermal gradient in Qinshui basin

Based on the analysis of the data obtained by various palaeotemperature methods, the palaeotemper ature and palaeogeothermal gradient in the well Qincan No. 1 of Qinshui basin were determined. Both the palaeogeother mal gradient (47.3－61.0℃/km) and palaeoheat flow (82－106 mW/m2) were much higher than those measured for present. Determination of high palaeogeothermsl gradient and heat flow show that there was a tectonic-thermal event in Qinshui basin that occurred during the time from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.     

Terrestrial heat flow in Junggar Basin, Northwest China

Based on temperature logs of 117 boreholes and thermal conductivity of 119 rock samples, the first group of 35 heat flow data in the Junggar Basin are presented. The thermal gradients vary between 11.6 and 26.5°C/km, and the thermal conductivity changes from 0.17 to 3.6 W/mK. Heat flow ranges from 23.4 to 53.7 mw/m² with a mean of (42.3±7.7) mW/m². The heat flow pattern shows that heat flow is higher in the uplifts and lower in the depressions. The factors affecting the heat flow and its distribution include basin type, basement structure, sediment thickness, radioactive heat generation, etc. The overall low present-day heat flow in the Junggar Basin reflected its tectonothermal evolution characterized by lithospheric thickening, thrust and fault at shallow crust as well as consequently quick subsidence during the Late Cenozoic.     

单相煤层气井底瞬时压力

瞬时压力分析是煤层气勘探与开发过程中获得煤层参数及井筒参数的重要手段,是对煤层气井生产能力的一种测试试验.为了给煤层气勘探和开发提供理论依据,必须对煤层气井井底瞬时压力进行分析.根据煤层气的地质特征及煤层气的产出机理,以多孔介质定常渗流理论为基础,按垂直井、无限大煤层考虑,在一定的假设条件下,建立了平衡吸附单相煤层气的数学物理模型,研究了平衡吸附单相煤层气井底压力与煤层之间的关系,给出了煤层气井底瞬时压力分析方法和步骤,从而可获得有关煤层气参数和井筒参数,为煤层气的开发提供科学依据.     

渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究

根据中生界上侏罗统和下白垩统地层和控盆断裂分布分析,中生代晚期晚侏罗—早白垩世郯庐断裂带的左旋走滑平移导致郯庐断裂带以西自北向南发育了3个北西向断堑系,即北部的渤海断堑系、中部的济阳断堑系和南部的鲁西南断堑系。从区域资料综合分析,渤海湾盆地的基本格局是早第三纪以来的新生代盆地格局。渤海湾盆地的形态、构造和沉积特征及热流值分布表明该盆地在新生代为拉分盆地。根据渤海湾盆地的各个坳陷内新生代各时期的地层分布、沉积厚度和控盆边界断裂在各时期的空间位置以及活动性质综合分析,恢复了盆地新生代以来的构造演化格局。中、新生代盆地构造和沉积分布特征表明渤海湾盆地是一个中、新生代叠合盆地。     

新疆焉耆日光温室热环境差异性分布的研究

为了研究日光温室内部热环境的差异性分布,在大寒日期间(2014年1月20-22日)对焉耆地区日光温室后墙和地面不同位点的温度和光照进行了监测和分析。结果表明:地表和后墙表面温度分布的不均匀主要由其表面的太阳辐射能分布不同和传热性能的不同所致。揭帘后,地表总辐射照度表现为由南向北递增,地表温度表现为中部前部后部,各部位温差最大值出现在下午16:00,此时中部地表最高达到29.2℃,而其表面的太阳总辐射照度为264.1 W/m2,小于前部。后墙表面的总辐射照度和温度自上而下递增。盖帘后,地表温度在南北方向上由南向北递增,后墙表面的温度自上而下递增。次日11:00时(揭帘之前)各部位平均温差最小。     

煤层气储层压力测试实验研究

以沁水盆地南部测试井为煤层气储层压力实验对象,利用自主研发的煤层气储层压力测试实验装备,对煤层的储层压力进行实验测定.利用实验测试压力数据对煤层气的储层压力参数进行分析和研究;从而得出沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压力的实验数值.通过煤层气储层压力实验数据结果对煤层气勘探、测试和后期排采过程都具有非常重要的指导意义.     

非平衡吸附单相煤层气井底压力

为了给煤层气勘探和开发提供科学依据,必须对煤层气井井底瞬时压力进行分析。根据煤层气的地质特征及煤层气的产出机理,以多孔介质不定常渗流理论为基础,按垂直井、无限大煤层考虑,在一定的假设条件下,建立了非平衡吸附单相煤层气的数学物理模型,研究了非平衡吸附煤层气井底压力与煤层之间的关系,给出了煤层气井井底瞬时压力分析方法和步骤,从而可获得有关煤层气参数和井筒参数,为煤层气的开发提供理论依据。     

东营凹陷盐膏层的重震联合解释技术

用单一的物探方法难以探测沉积盆地中的盐膏层,为此提出了基于重力“剥皮”的变密度多界面重磁震联合解释技术。首先利用地震、钻井确定的第三系深度和重力反演的中生界、奥陶系、太古界深度,采用重力“剥皮”技术获得由盐膏层引起的剩余异常,据此反演得到了东营凹陷的盐膏层的顶面深度和等效厚度。反演结果表明,东营凹陷盐膏层主要由10个规模较大的盐膏体组成,呈北东向的扇状展布,顶面深度在1 700~3 700 m,北部埋深较大,南部埋深较小。与钻遇盐膏层的25口钻井资料对比,反演误差仅为2.96%,说明利用重磁震联合解释技术反演盐膏层是一项可行的技术。     

超声波干扰提高煤层气抽放率的机理

为了对超声波干扰提高煤储层渗透率和煤层气解吸率的作用机理进行研究,分析了空化效应对煤储层渗透率的影响.分析了超声波诱发的热效应,会引起煤-煤层气系统温度升高,煤分子和煤层气分子的热运动加剧,动能增大,促进煤层气分子脱附,提高煤层气解吸率.分析了超声波穿过煤储层时的机械作用.因此利用超声波的空化作用、热效应和机械作用等能有效提高煤储层的渗透率,提高煤层气的解吸率,这为煤层气抽放提供了一种新的思路.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘差异抬升的裂变径迹证据

目的探讨鄂尔多斯盆地西缘从南至北不同地区的差异抬升时期及抬升速率。方法利用磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄的综合分析,研究盆地西缘的构造差异抬升。结果西缘北部汝箕沟地区中生代以来有两次较大的抬升时期,分别为晚白垩世和始新世,抬升速率分别为29.5 m/Ma和46.5 m/Ma。中部石沟驿地区抬升时期较早,为晚侏罗世和晚白垩世,抬升速率分别为40.0m/Ma和21.9 m/Ma。南部的差异抬升最为强烈,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,在炭山地区表现明显;早白垩世末—晚白垩世南部地区发生整体抬升;中新世末期六盘山地区发生快速抬升。罗山、炭山地区相对抬升速率和后期抬升速率为46.3 m/Ma和25 m/Ma,六盘山地区则分别为22.5m/Ma和283.3 m/Ma。结论在鄂尔多斯盆地西部,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,晚三叠世并没有抬升事件,故西部前陆盆地的形态始显现于晚侏罗世。西部的差异抬升导致了不同地区前陆盆地构造发展的不平衡。     

沁水盆地永乐南区块煤储层聚煤前后沉积相预测及其控气作用

沉积环境通过控制储盖分布特征进而控制煤层气的聚集成藏,是煤储层开发评价的重要影响因素.含煤岩系中砂岩、泥岩、煤薄互层特征突出,且砂岩分布横向变化快,使得砂体预测难度大.运用地震沉积学方法,建立地震地质等时格架,对目标层序进行地层切片并优选融合反映岩性、沉积相变化的敏感地震属性,结合单井岩性与微相特征精细刻画聚煤前后沉积相展布特征,在钻测井数据基础上分析顶底板所处沉积相带对含气富集的控制作用,进而划分沉积控气有利区.研究结果表明:地震沉积学可以研究解释研究区含煤岩系四级层序内沉积现象;弧长、瞬时频率属性在该区可有效反映岩性变化;太原组9+10煤聚煤前为障壁-泻湖相,山西组2+3煤聚煤前后为三角洲前缘相;泻湖泥坪相、分流间湾相有利于煤层气保存,障壁砂坪相及分流河道相不利于煤层气成藏.