用钌离子催化氧化法研究干酪根及其显微组分的化学结构

用钌离子选择性催化氧化法研究了茂名油页岩干酪根、山西蒲县藻煤藻类体、长广树皮煤的树皮体以及山西繁峙褐煤镜质组的化学结构。研究结果表明 ,茂名油页岩干酪根和蒲县藻煤藻类体的化学结构均以醚 /酯键形式交联的中等链长的脂链结构为主 ,繁峙褐煤镜质组中的芳香结构仍保留着木质素基本结构单元的单环结构 ,同时含有丰富的脂族化合物。这些脂族化合物可能来自这一富氢显微组分中的超微类脂体。长广树皮煤中树皮体以少于 4个环的稠环化学结构为主 ,由小于C12 的脂链交联成大分子     

华南晚二叠世"树皮体"显微傅里叶红外光谱(Micro-FTIR)特征及意义

在高纯度煤岩显微组分分离富集的基础上,应用透射式显微傅里叶红外光谱技术(Micro-FTIR),对华南晚二叠世煤中中国特有的显微组分--树皮体--的化学结构进行了测定,并与新疆吐哈盆地侏罗纪煤中的镜质体、丝质体和孢子体进行对比.结果表明:树皮体与孢子体的红外光谱特征较为相近,主要由长链脂族结构组成,芳香结构和含氧基团相对较少.此特点与镜质体和丝质体主要由芳香结构组成、脂肪族结构(尤其是长链脂肪烃)含量相对较少(或很少)明显不同.上述结构特征决定了树皮体与孢子体类似,是一种油气生成潜力较大的显微组分.此特点对在华南地区寻找与富含树皮体煤系地层有关的油气资源具有重要的意义.     

煤显微组分表面含氧官能团的XPS分析

氧原子作为煤中最丰富的杂原子,C-O官能团的形态对煤的性质有重要影响。为了研究煤岩显微组分的含氧官能团,对手选高纯度镜质组和惰质组进行了XPS分析和化学计算。结果表明,煤岩组分的元素组成以C、O为主,含少量的N和无机矿物元素。其中的氧主要以-OH、-O-、COO-和SiO_2形式存在。C-C、C-H、C-O单键和COO-是碳的主要存在形式。镜质组中的脂肪族侧链和-OH基团较多;惰质组中-O-的原子浓度明显高于镜质组,而COO-略多于镜质组。镜质组表面总极性含氧官能团数量更多。研究结果有助于全面认识煤的结构和性质。     

腐殖煤镜质组的基本类型

通过对华北盆地滨海和三角洲环境下形成的石炭二叠系(晚石炭太原组C_2和早二叠世山西纽P_1~1)腐殖煤的镜质组单组分样品的煤岩学、有机地球化学、煤化学、生物标志化合物和分子化学结构等参数的详细分析确认,研究区腐殖煤的镜质组存在两种基本类型,即富氢镜质体(Ⅰ型)和贫氢镜质体(Ⅱ型)。     

用^13C NMR波谱技术研究烃源岩显微组分的化学结构与成烃潜力

取１７个烃源岩的显微组分，用＾１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ波谱技术进行了化学结构与成烃潜力的研究。按照脂碳的丰度与油气潜力碳的大小，各组分可按如下顺序排列：藻类体、树脂体、角质体、孢子体、木栓质体、镜质体、惰性体。以惰性碳、油潜力碳与气潜力碳划分显微组分为三组成，并构成三元图。藻类体位于图的上部，相当于Ｉ型干酪根；各稳定组分位于图的中部，相应于Ⅱ型干酪根；镜质体与惰质体位于图的左下部，相当于Ⅲ型干酪根。据此，可     

塔里木盆地煤显微组分显微傅里叶红外光谱特征及意义

应用显微红外光谱技术,对塔里木盆地侏罗纪煤中有代表性的3种组分角质体,镜质体、丝质体在不同热模拟温度下的结构组成变化特征进行了研究,结果表明：角质体结构组成中含有较丰富的长链脂族结构,而芳香结构和含氧官能团的含量则相对减少;与此相反,丝质体结构组成中芳香烃占绝对优势,而脂族结构含量则很少,镜质体结构组成介入体和丝质体之间,含有较多的短链脂族结构和芳香结构。据此推断,角质体具有高的生烃潜力,是一种倾油组分;镜质体生烃潜力中等,是一种倾气组分,但也可以生成一定数量的液态烃;丝质体生烃潜力很小,对煤成烃的贡献微不足道,另外,随热模拟温度的升高,3种组分中的脂族结构和含氧官能团都呈现明显的由强到弱的变化,而芳香结构比较稳定,在整个生烃热演化过程中则呈现芳环缩合度增加芳烃相对富集的趋势。由此说明,煤生烃过程主要是一种脂族结构和含氧基团不断脱落,芳香结构不断缩聚的过程。     

塔里木盆地煤显微组分显微傅里叶红外光谱特征及意义

应用显微红外光谱技术,对塔里木盆地侏罗纪煤中有代表性的3种组分角质体、镜质体、丝质体在不同热模拟温度下的结构组成变化特征进行了研究,结果表明:角质体结构组成中含有较丰富的长链脂族结构,而芳香结构和含氧官能团的含量则相对较少;与此相反,丝质体结构组成中芳香烃占绝对优势,而脂族结构含量则很少;镜质体结构组成介于角质体和丝质体之间,含有较多的短链脂族结构和芳香结构.据此推断,角质体具有高的生烃潜力,是一种倾油组分;镜质体生烃潜力中等,是一种倾气组分,但也可以生成一定数量的液态烃;丝质体生烃潜力很小,对煤成烃的贡献微不足道.另外,随热模拟温度的升高,3种组分中的脂族结构和含氧官能团都呈现明显的由强到弱的变化,而芳香结构比较稳定,在整个生烃热演化过程中则呈现芳环缩合度增加芳烃相对富集的趋势.由此说明,煤生烃过程主要是一种脂族结构和含氧基团不断脱落、芳香结构不断缩聚的过程.     

用~13CNMR波谱技术研究烃源岩显微组分的化学结构与成烃潜力

取１７个烃源岩的显微组分，用￣１３ＣＮＭＲ波谱技术进行了化学结构与成烃潜力的研究，按照脂碳的丰度与油气潜力碳的大小，各组分可按如下顺序排列：藻类体、树脂体、角质体、孢子体、木栓质体、镜质体、惰性体．以惰性碳、油潜力碳与气潜力碳划分显微组分为三组成，并构成三元图，藻类体位于图的上部，相当于Ｉ型干酪根；各稳定组分位于图的中部，相应干Ⅱ型干酚根；镜质体与惰质体位于图的左下部，相当于Ⅲ型干酪根．据此，可从烃源岩显微组分的分析组成估算它的生油与生气潜力     

镜质组亚组分分子结构上的差异及其意义

本文应用红外光谱方法研究煤中镜质组及其液化产物,目的在于研究镜质组结构对液化性的影响。研究结果表明,不同还原型镜质组的液化性差别在于其化学结构上的差别。     

伊宁凹陷侏罗系主要煤层煤岩煤质特征

伊宁凹陷煤系地层主要分布于侏罗系中下统水西沟群(J1-2sh)八道湾组(21-23煤、27-29煤)、西山窑组(6-7煤、10煤),煤层厚度大,分布稳定,结构简单。研究结果表明:伊宁凹陷4套主要煤层显微组分以惰性组为主,镜质组次之,壳质组极少,自下而上惰性组含量逐渐增高,镜质组含量逐渐减少;煤质属低-中灰、低硫、中高-高挥发分、高-特高发热量不粘煤;煤的挥发分与灰分呈弱负相关关系,与全硫含量、发热量分别弱正相关。究其原因,传统的煤变质指标挥发分对于低变质长烟煤、不粘煤适用性较差。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。