碱法-酶法处理玉米秸秆的制糖工艺研究

以天然玉米秸秆为原料研究碱法-酶法制糖工艺，考察了碱预处理条件对样品组分变化、酶解效率和总糖得率的影响。试验结果表明，碱预处理具有良好的木素脱除效果，但会伴随半纤维素的损失，为了获得高的总糖得率，必须适当降低预处理强度。试验范围内固液比1∶10，预处理条件为1.5 % NaOH，80 ℃下反应1 h时，总糖得率最高。固相中保留了近100 %纤维素和6958 %半纤维素，木素去除率为54.84 %。预处理样品在底物质量浓度30 g/L，酶用量为纤维素酶15 μmol/(min·g)，纤维二糖酶30 μmol/(min·g)，水解48 h,纤维素酶解得率从24.18 % 上升至71.29 %，半纤维素酶解得率达到78.85 %。整个工艺总糖得率为66.86 %，较未处理样品提高46.66 %。     

炸干茸与冻干茸中超氧化物歧化酶活力测定

采用改进的邻苯三酚法测得的炸干茸和冻干茸中超氧化物歧化酶的活力,分别为2400μmol/(min·g)和4880μmol/(min·g),探讨了用超氧化物歧化酶活力作为判定鹿茸的质量指标,以及鹿茸加工工艺是否合理的参考依据之一的可能性。     

产单宁酶真菌的筛选及产酶条件

从铁冬青等4种植物的新鲜茎、叶组织中分离得到52株真菌，经平板透明圈法初筛得到18株产单宁酶菌株。初筛所得菌株经液体发酵，显示1株木霉属真菌(Trichoderma viride)(No.MYP07)酶活力最高，达0.248 μmol/(min·mL)。采用单因素结合正交实验，得到菌株MYP07的最佳发酵条件为：单宁100 g/L，蔗糖10 g/L，(NH4)2SO4 3 g/L，装液量为30 mL(250 mL锥形瓶)，起始pH为5.0，温度30 ℃，转速140 r/min。在此条件下，菌株MY-P-07发酵48 h酶活力达到0392 μmol/(min·mL)。     

羟胺二磺酸盐磺化水解生成铵盐的反应过程 I.羟胺二磺酸钾的磺化反应

针对湿法同时脱硫脱硝工艺 ,提出通过构造一个液相反应过程 ,将 NOx 和 SO2 溶解在溶液中生成的 NO2 -2 和 SO2 -3 经过一系列连续的液相离子反应生成有利用价值的 NH+4 ,实现资源的合理利用。在 35°C～ 74°C,离子强度为 0 .5 5 mol/L时对羟胺二磺酸钾磺化反应动力学进行了研究 ,得出反应的动力学方程为 :- dcHIDSdt =kc HON( SO3) 2 -2 · c HSO-3,其中 k=5 .5 0 9× 1 0 8· e-6.154× 10 4 / RT;在5 0°C、离子强度为 0 .31 mol/L～ 0 .65 mol/L时 ,研究了该反应的盐效应 ,结果表明该反应呈负盐效应 ,离子强度为零时 ,有最大的速率常数 k0 =0 .0 2 4 7L /( mol· min)     

厌氧氨氧化菌混培物的培养及上流式厌氧污泥床反应器运行

采用污泥混合接种的方法,利用UASB(厌氧污泥床)反应器完成了厌氧氨氧化混培菌的培养与驯化并启动了实验室规模的厌氧氨氧化反应器。当含氮模拟废水进水氨氮浓度和亚硝氮浓度分别为3～5mmol/L和4～6mmol/L,进水氨氮、亚硝氮的容积负荷分别为2mmol/(L·d)和2.5mmol/(L·d),氨氮、亚硝氮的最大去除率分别可达63%和78%。对UASB反应器工艺运行条件的研究表明:厌氧氨氧化反应的最适pH为7.5,最适反应温度为35°C。厌氧氨氧化反应速率与亚硝氮浓度有关,当亚硝氮浓度大于10mmol/L时对厌氧氨氧化反应具有明显的抑制作用。     

有氧条件下ANAMMOX反应及其在HABR反应器中实现

为了深入研究厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)新型生物脱氮工艺,减轻水体氮素污染,防止水体富营养化,用无纺布填料进行了ANAMMOX细菌的培养和富集,并通过批式实验研究了DO存在时ANAMMOX反应的可行性及其在HABR反应器中的运行性能. 实验结果表明,在有氧条件下能够发生ANAMMOX反应,反应器中同时存在好氧氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌的协同作用. DO浓度为1.0～6.47 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性较低,NH 4-N和NO-2- N降解速率分别为1.52 mg/(L·h)和1.83 mg/(L·h);当DO浓度小于1.0 mg/L时,ANAMMOX细菌活性升高,降解速率分别达到3.40 mg/(L·h)和3.98 mg/(L·h). ANAMMOX工艺可以在HABR反应器中实现,受DO、温度等因素的影响,TN去除负荷较低,只有0.01 kg/(m3·d).     

手性流动相高效液相色谱法拆分D,L-色氨酸

在对称C18高效液相色谱柱上,采用手性配体流动相法对D,L-色氨酸对映体进行了拆分。实验结果表明:利用泵前预混的方式,以手性配体试剂与甲醇作为手性流动相,其配比为86.5∶13.5(V/V)时,可以得到D,L-色氨酸对映体的基线分离。该方法与手性固定相拆分相比,具有低成本优势。同时研究了手性流动相的进样方式、组成、流速、柱温等因素对色氨酸拆分效果的影响,确定了手性配体流动相法拆分D,L-色氨酸对映体的如下热力学性质:ΔHD=-22.48kJ/mol、ΔSD=-0.0565kJ/(mol·K)、ΔG298.15D=-5.66kJ/mol及ΔHL=-22.26kJ/mol、ΔSL=-0.0526kJ/(mol·K)、ΔG298.15L=-6.58kJ/mol。     

曝气生物滤池及其填料性能

为提高曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理废水的效率,以沸石、活性炭、建筑陶粒、工程陶粒作为填料测试气体流速、水力停留时间(HRT)、进水有机负荷对生物滤池的化学需氧量(COD)、NH3—N的去除效果及出水浊度的影响。结果表明:在水力停留时间为1.5h、进水COD为150mg/L、有机负荷为2.41kgCOD/(m3·d)时,两种陶粒出水COD均小于25mg/L;当进水有机负荷为0.74kgCOD/(m3·d)时,工程陶粒出水COD小于10mg/L;工程陶粒是曝气生物滤池填料的最佳选择。     

三相床中含氮合成气一步法合成二甲醚的工艺条件

研究了在充有惰性液体介质的机械搅拌三相床反应器中含氮合成气一步法合成二甲醚的工艺条件,催化剂是由甲醇合成催化剂与甲醇脱水催化剂均匀混合组成的双功能催化剂,粒度为0.15～0.18mm。在温度220～260°C、压力3～7MPa、空速800～2000mL/(g·h)条件下考察了温度、压力、空速及搅拌转速对CO转化率及二甲醚选择性的影响,结果表明240～260°C、7MPa及1000mL/(g·h)是合成二甲醚较佳的反应条件。实验还考察了催化剂含量及气体组成对反应的影响,结果表明H2/CO高时CO转化率较高。     

纳米蛋壳型Ca-Pd/SiO2催化剂的催化性能

在高压微反催化剂考评装置上,研究了自制的纳米蛋壳型Ca-Pd/SiO₂催化剂用于CO加氢合成甲醇的工艺条件,考察了催化剂的还原温度、反应温度和反应压力等因素对催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,该催化剂应用于CO加氢合成甲醇反应最适宜的还原和反应条件为：还原温度400℃,反应压力5MPa,反应温度300℃。在此工艺条件下,该催化剂呈现良好的活性和选择性,其活性为48.14mmol/(mol·s),选择性为92.93%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.