一种无特征提取的自然场景图像分类新方法

提出了一种新的基于部分连接神经网络的自然场景图像分类方法.运用该方法对图像进行模式识别时,不必进行特征提取,而是将整个图像输入神经网络,由神经网络在训练中透明地选择和识别特征.由于大型图形处理器(GPU)并行处理系统的运用,使得神经网络演化速度大大加快,弥补了该方法计算量大的弱点.实验结果表明,利用部分连接神经网络进行场景图像分类,与利用特征提取后再识别场景的分类方法比较,在总识别率上大体相当;但不必进行特征提取,而且速度很快.并且,还运用了插值和延拓两种方法来对图像进行尺寸调整,使得神经网络可以训练和识别不同大小的场景图像.     

基于脉冲神经网络人脸特征提取

运用基于复杂度和最佳阈值算法对人脸图像进行人眼特征定位并标准化图像,引入生物并行机制的脉冲神经网络训练输入图像,获得稳定的神经元突触强度矩阵,选取此矩阵系数作为人脸特征向量,用最近邻法则分类识别.利用该突触强度分布矩阵,注入刺激电流,神经网络中原始图像得以重建.实验证明,该方法在表情、姿态变化以及深度旋转的图像中特征定位准确,识别率较高.     

基于小波变换和改进PCA的人脸特征提取算法

针对在人脸图像高维数据降维时单纯使用主成分分析(PCA)算法的提取精度和速度受限问题,  提出一种基于小波变换和改进PCA的混合特征提取算法. 该方法首先对人脸图像进行小波分解, 选取低频分量对人脸图像进行特征提取;然后利用改进的PCA算法进行主成分提取, 获得代表人脸特征的特征向量; 最后将该算法应用于Olivetti Faces人脸库数据集的图像分类. 实验结果表明, 经过该混合算法处理后的图像特征数据, 由卷积神经网络(CNN)算法分类识别时准确率提升10%, 识别速度提高约37%.     

二进制粒神经网络及其在分类中的应用

为了提高分类器的正确识别率并降低特征选择的时间复杂度, 提出二进制粒神经网络框架.在该框架下,提出一种二进制粒神经网络分类算法.该算法通过二进制粒矩阵将特征空间进行最优约简,并利用基于BP的学习算法实现分类;将该算法在UCI数据集上进行测试,并与BP神经网络分类算法进行比较.仿真实验表明,二进制粒神经网络分类算法比BP神经网络分类算法分类正确率更高,泛化能力更强,是一种有效可行的分类算法.     

基于卷积神经网络的图像分类研究进展

基于卷积神经网络的图像分类算法的优势是传统方法无法比拟的。卷积神经网络利用其设计好的网络结构和权值共享的特点,能够从数量庞大的训练数据中学习图像底层到高级语义的抽象特征,而且端到端的学习省去了在每一个独立学习任务执行之前所做的数据标注。多年来,卷积神经网络经过科研人员的探索和尝试,从最开始的多层神经网络模型,演变出多种优化结构,性能不断提高。本文介绍了基于卷积神经网络图像分类算法的研究进展,叙述了卷积神经网络在图像分类中的经典模型和近年来的改进方法,并对各个模型进行分析,展示各种方法在ImageNet公共数据集上的性能表现,最后对基于卷积神经网络的图像分类算法的研究进行总结和展望。     

基于二元树复小波和SVD不变性的纹理图像分类算法

针对双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)用于图像的纹理特征提取时,不具有旋转和尺度不变性的局限,提出了一种基于DT-CWT和SVD的纹理分类算法.该算法首先利用DT-CWT从图像中提取出纹理特征,然后对纹理特征进行奇异值分解获得具有旋转和尺度不变性的特征向量,采用BP神经网络作为分类器,并提出改进的BP算法训练网络,使得网络很快找到全局最优解.将本方法与其他的分类算法进行比较,实验结果表明,本算法具有较高的分类正确率.     

基于小波变换和混合神经网络的图像压缩算法

提出了一种将空间方向小波零树编码与混合神经网络相结合，新的多尺度系数矢量量化策略．该算法在对图像进行多级小波变换后，利用3个方向上各自小波系数之间的相关性，构造符合图像特征的跨频带矢量，依据矢量能量和零树矢量的思想进行矢量分类，分别利用主元分析和自组织特征映射神经网络对3个方向的多尺度系数矢量进行基于视觉的加权矢量量化压缩编码．仿真实验结果表明该算法是合理可行的．     

基于自编码神经网络与AdaBoost的快速行人检测算法

针对传统基于HOG特征与Ada Boost算法分类器在目标检测中存在检测速度慢、误差率大的问题,提出了一种基于自编码神经网络与Ada Boost的快速行人检测算法.该算法首先利用基于ACF模型的目标检测算法对图像进行预处理,获得疑似目标区域;然后对获取的子区域进行尺度归一化,提取HOG特征,并输入到自编码神经网络中进行降维;最后利用Ada Boost分类器对分类检测,输出检测到的行人区域.实验结果表明:文中所提算法的行人检测性能超过现有的检测算法,其检测速度也超过大多数算法.     

基于超分辨ISAR成像的飞机目标SVM分类算法

利用最大熵谱估计方法对4种飞机目标数据进行外推处理,并在此基础上进行拟合成孔径(ISAR)成像.采用了ISAR图像的几何矩、基于几何矩的不变量、形状和量化能量带4个特征,研究了支持向量机的线性和非线性算法原理,提出了基于SVM的飞机目标识别和分类算法,采用了针对多目标分类的M-ary法对飞机进行分类,选取了每个目标的40个不同数据段进行成像,通过与几种常见的BP神经网络算法和RBF神经网络算法比较分析,验证结果表明此方法达到了较好的识别效果,识别率达到97%.     

基于BP神经网络改进算法的遥感图像分类试验

BP神经网络分类方法是一种新的模式识别方法,在遥感图像分类识别处理中有良好的应用前景。本文在阐明标准BP算法及其改进算法——Levenberg-Marquardt算法的基础上,介绍了BP神经网络的遥感图像分类过程,并在MATLAB平台下对基于BP神经网络的分类算法进行了试验。实验结果表明基于BP神经网络的遥感图像分类方法是一种有效的图像分类方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the