Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most e?ective isolate.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most e?ective isolate.     

云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌多样性

运用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析贵州云台山白云岩表层土可培养细菌的多样性.稀释涂布平板分离共获得131株细菌,限制性内切酶HhaⅠ和HaeⅢ对扩增的16S rRNA基因片段进行酶切分型,根据ARDRA酶切图谱划分为40个操作分类单元.16S rRNA基因序列测定和系统发育分析结果显示,这些菌株隶属于包括厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,64.89%)、β-变形菌纲(β-Proterbacteria,3.82%)、γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proterbacteria,17.56%)、放线细菌门(Actinobacteria,11.45%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,3.82%)等5大类群,共13个属.优势菌群为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,53.44%),亚优势菌群为寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas,9.16%)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,8.40%)和微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium,8.40%).15.00%的有效序列与GeneBank已知序列相似性小于等于97%,可能为潜在新类群.研究表明,云台山白云岩喀斯特地区不仅含有较为丰富的细菌物种多样性,且潜藏着许多新的微生物资源.     

锦鲤弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的鉴定

对从病死锦鲤（cyprinuscarpioL．）肝组织中分离的2株菌（编号：HC050630B-1,HC050630B-2）进行了形态特征、主要理化特性、对健康鲤鱼的致病作用、药物敏感性等方面的检验;同时测定了HCOS0630B-1株菌的16SrRNA基因序列,构建了系统发育树。结果表明,2株被检菌为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌（C...     

16S rRNA基因的PCR-DGGE技术分析茶尺蠖幼虫肠道细菌种群结构及多样性

利用16S rRNA的PCR-DGGE（变性梯度凝胶电泳）技术分析研究了茶尺蠖肠道内细菌的种类与多样性.通过对16S rRNA序列分析,从茶尺蠖野外种群肠适中鉴定了11种细菌,这些细菌分属于沃尔巴克氏菌（Wolbachia）、肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、沙雷氏菌属（Serratia）、梭菌属（Clostridium）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、暂定类群EO1;其中以肠杆菌、沃尔巴克氏菌、沙雷氏菌属最为常见.另外,也鉴定了一种茶树叶绿体上的16SrRNA基因.茶尺蠖幼虫体内的共生菌多样性分析结果,将会为害虫综合治理提供一条全新的探索途径.     

Genetic diversity of rhizobial populations recovered from three Lotus species cultivated in the infra-arid Tunisian soils

gments from each strain based on the UPGMA algorithm from the combined patterns showed that Lotus isolates are very diverse and that they were affiliated to Sinorhizobium,Rhizobium,and Mesorhizobium genera.     

高温产生物乳化剂菌的筛选及其功能分析

 从甘肃玉门油田鸭儿峡油藏样品中分离到3株可降解原油并具有很好乳化活性的嗜热菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析和生理生化鉴定,3株分离菌分别为短小芽孢杆菌（Brevibacillus sp. XS1）和白色土芽孢杆菌（Geobacillus pallidus XS2,XS3）。3株分离菌均可在50℃高温下生长,其中菌株XS2的最适生长温度为60℃,在pH值为5.5—9.5范围内均可生长,有良好适应性,盐浓度对菌株生长影响不大。菌株XS2同时还具有很好的乳化活性和乳化稳定性,在100℃高温,20%盐浓度下,乳化活性均无明显变化。通过对原油降解过程中色谱特征分析,菌株XS2不仅可降解原油组分中的轻质组分,而且还能很好地降解原油中重质组分,提高原油流动性,原油品质也得到大大改善,可见菌株XS2是一株潜在驱油微生物,在微生物采油中具有较好的应用前景。     

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的生物学特性和耐药性,试验通过采集病料、细菌分离培养、16S rRNA基因鉴定、致病性试验、药敏试验等方法。结果表明:分离出的20株细菌的培养特征、镜检特征均符合大肠杆菌特征;16S rRNA基因序列经BLAST比对与大肠杆菌同源性达99.9%～100%,确定20株分离菌为鸡源大肠杆菌;20株大肠杆菌的致病力为40%～100%;10株鸡源致病性大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物均呈现多重耐药,耐药率为33.3%～93.3%,耐药情况较严重和复杂。     

Present status and development on biological nitrogen fixation research in China

This presentation introduces the advances in biological nitrogen fixation research abroad, in particular,describes the great progress and achievements on its research in China as follows: collection of rhizobial resources and establishment of the largest database of Rhizobium in China, correction and development of Rhizobium taxonomy in international; discovery of a couple of nif genes, identification and unification of linkage among the nif gene operons of Klebsiella pneumoniae, finding of regulative mechanism of positive regulation nif gene and its sensitivity to oxygen,temperature; finding of the activity of nodulation gene nodD3 product in Sinorhizobium meliloti which is not controlled by flavonoid produced from its host alfalfa; finding of the association between expression of genes coding the products for carbon utilization and nitrogen metabolism and their regulations; chemical synthesis of nodulation factor of Sinorhizobium meliloti; constructions of engineered nitrogen fixers and utilization in practice based on the research of gene expression and regulation; chemical simulation of the structure and function of nitrogenase and bringing forward the model of nitrogenase active center for the first time in international and synthesis of model compounds which were paid attention by colleagues abroad. Finally, the development of nitrogen fixation research in China in future has been put forward, suggesting that the nif gene regulation and its role in providing crops with nitrogen element, signal transduction and molecular interactions between Rhizobium and legume, coupling between carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis, and functional genomics of nitrogen-fixing nodule symbiosis, etc., would be actively worked on.     

Isolation and Characterization of a New Subspecies of Aeromonas salmonicida （ Aeromonas salmonicida subsp, flounderacida subsp. nov. ） from Stone Flounder（ Kareius bicoloratus L. ）

Biological properties were studied to appropriate pathogenic bacteria which were isolated from diseased (or dead) stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus L. ) which expressed bacterial septicaemia, including morphological characteristics, colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and serum homology of isolates, the results showed that the isolates belonged to a new subspecies of A. salmonicida. In addition, the representative strains have been re-checked and detected the mol% G C ratio of the DNA by China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), the examined strains were also regarded as a new subspecies of A. salmonicida, and designated as Aeromonas salmonicida subsp, flounderac/da subsp, nov. by its isolated fish (Kareius bicoloratus ). Molecular identification of analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene were applied, the results showed high similarity (99%) with the 16S rRNA gene of Aeromonas salmonicida from GenBank database. Cluster analysis of phylogenetic tree revealed that the representative strain formed separately bootstrap-supported cluster.     

广西北部湾海域表层海水细菌多样性及其潜在生物合成基因研究

本研究选取广西北部湾3处近海海域,以其表层海水作为研究对象进行细菌多样性分析,旨在挖掘潜在抗生素生物合成的菌株.选用传统稀释涂布法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育树分析海水中可培养细菌多样性,并对其基因组DNA进行抗生素生物合成基因聚酮合酶(PKS)基因、非核糖体肽合成酶(NRPS)基因及卤化酶(Halo)基因...     

青海茶卡盐湖嗜盐碱芽胞杆菌资源分析

采用3种不同的培养基,通过可培养法,从青海茶卡盐湖样品中共分离获得110株嗜盐碱芽胞杆菌.基于16S rRNA基因序列相似性鉴定及系统发育分析,得出这些菌株为芽胞杆菌10个属的41个种,它们与最近匹配模式菌株的16S rRNA基因序列相似性在96%~100%之间,以芽胞杆菌属为优势菌,共计25种83株;存在6个潜在新种.3种酶筛实验结果表明,87%的嗜盐碱芽胞杆菌菌株具有产酶能力,产蛋白酶70株,产纤维素酶81株,产木聚糖酶50株.青海茶卡盐湖中的芽胞杆菌种类丰富多样且能产多种酶,并且潜藏着新的微生物物种,研究结果可为嗜盐碱芽胞杆菌资源开发提供理论基础.     

软腐白菜根系土壤中短稳杆菌的分离和鉴定

采用选择性培养基,从软腐白菜根系土壤中分离出产生香气的细菌,通过对菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化试验以及16S rRNA基因序列测定、比对分析和系统发育树构建,对该类群菌株进行初步分类鉴定.结果表明,12株产生烘焙香气细菌的形态学特征及生理生化特性与短稳杆菌(Empedobacter brevis)LMG 4011T(AM177497)一致,16S rRNA基因序列与短稳杆菌基因序列同源性达99.86%,初步鉴定该类菌为短稳杆菌.     

16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的应用

分子生态学技术的发展大大促进了人们对环境中微生物群落的研究，也为研究油藏微生物群落和微生物采油技术提供了一个新的工具，尤其16S rRNA基因技术应用于油藏微生物生态研究．该技术克服了基于细胞水平研究方法的不足，能更准确、更客观地揭示油藏微生物的多样性、群落动态变化、种群结构及进化等方面的信息．文章简要综述了16S rRNA基因技术发展历程及在环境微生物生态学中的应用，详细概述了16S rRNA基因技术在油藏微生物生态研究中的地位和作用以及用于油藏微生物生态研究的16S rRNA基因技术，讨论了16S rRNA基因技术目前在油藏微生物生态研究中存在的问题，通过实例论证了该技术的现场应用效果，重点介绍了胜利油田利用T-RFLP、DGGE等分子生态学技术在河口采油厂罗801区块空气辅助微生物驱和单12区块内源微生物驱研究中的应用，阐明了分子生态学技术在微生物提高原油采收率研究中的重要的意义．     

福建漳江口红树林沉积物中的古菌类群

利用环境16S rRNA基因序列分析技术,对福建漳江口红树林沉积物中存在的古菌类群进行检测。首先提取红树林沉积物的总DNA,并进一步构建环境16S rRNA基因克隆文库。随机挑选文库克隆,根据Amplified rDNA restriction analysis(ARDRA)分析分型后进行测序。对所测序列进行系统进化分析。结果显示,文库中的大部分古菌克隆(95%)分别属于广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)中的Marine benthic group D和泉古菌门(Crenarchaeota)的Miscellaneous crenarchaeotic group和Marine group I等3个已描述的古菌类群, 另有小部分克隆(5%)可能代表广古菌门中新的古菌类群。Miscellaneous crenarchaeotic group类群古菌是红树林沉积物中古菌的优势类群。上述古菌类群的检测加深了人们对于红树林古菌群落结构复杂性及其生态学意义的认识。     

23株豆科木本植物根瘤菌16SrDNA序列分析

为研究和利用华东地区豆科植物根瘤菌的种质资源多样性,对从华东地区豆科木本植物根瘤分离获得的23个菌株进行了16S rDNA全序列分析,并与相关参比菌株的16S rDNA序列进行了比较及聚类分析,建立了23株华东地区豆科木本植物根瘤菌的发育树状图,这一分析结果与来自形态学的鉴别结果吻合,初步确定了23株豆科木本植物根瘤菌分类地位.     

Analysis of RAPD and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from Trichiurus lepturus and Eupleurogrammus muticus in the Yellow Sea

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique is applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes Trichiurus lepturus and Eupleurogrammus muticus in the Yellow Sea. The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance are compared and the phylogenetic tree is constructed by Neighbor-joining method. The partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene is amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products are directly sequenced after being purified. These sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another Trichiuridae species Lepidopus caudatus obtained from GenBank, are used to analyze nucleotide difference and to construct a UPGMA phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics. Analysis shows: (1) the RAPD technique is a highly sensitive method for investigating genetic diversity in T. lepturus, and E. muticus. T. lepturus exhibits a lower polymorphism and genetic diversity than E. muticus; (2) according to the analysis of the partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences, a very low intraspecific variation and considerably high divergence among species were found, which reveals a dual nature of conservatism and variability in mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene; (3) five primers generate the species-specific RAPD sites and these sites can be served as the molecular markers for species identification and (4) it can be proved at DNA variation level that T. lepturus and E. muticus are of two species respectively pertaining to different genera, which supports the Nelson taxonomic conclusion.     

柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea相关可培养共生放线菌多样性及其生物毒活性研究

【目的】研究斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea可培养共生放线菌多样性及其发酵液代谢产物的生物毒活性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对从广西斜阳岛附近海域采集的柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea可培养共生放线菌多样性进行研究,利用卤虫致死法测试其生物毒活性。【结果】从柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中分离获得相关可培养放线菌23株,采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,这些菌株属于2个亚纲9个科9个属23种。绝大部分菌株都具有一定的生物毒活性,其中10株菌株有较强生物毒活性,l株有显著毒活性。【结论】广西斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中存在较为丰富的放线菌多样性,部分菌株具有较强的生物毒活性。     

四川黑熊线粒体12S和16S rRNA基因的克隆及序列分析

利用哺乳动物线粒体基因的保守序列设计引物,采用PCR方法,首次从亚洲黑熊四川亚种（Ursus thibetanus mupinensis）的肌肉组织总DNA中扩增出了线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因并进行了序列测定及分析.结果表明,四川黑熊12S rRNA基因长965 bp;16S rRNA基因长1 580 bp.通过进一步的序列分析表明,四川黑熊的12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因有较高的进化速率,与美洲黑熊、棕熊、北极熊、眼镜熊及大熊猫的相应基因相比较有较大差异,其中与美洲黑熊的同源性相对较高.     

基于groEL基因序列鉴定丹毒丝菌属菌种

对4株红斑丹毒丝菌的16SrRNA基因和groEL基因进行测序及系统发育分析,探讨groEL基因序列分析法在丹毒丝菌属菌种分类鉴定中的应用.测序结果表明,4株红斑丹毒丝菌groEL基因长度为1 614bp,编码由537个氨基酸残基组成热休克蛋白HPS60,与红斑丹毒丝菌ATCC19414株和扁桃体丹毒丝菌ATCC43339株groEL基因的同源性分别为99%和86%,而16SrRNA基因长度为1 351bp,与红斑丹毒丝菌ATCC19414株和扁桃体丹毒丝菌ATCC43339株的同源性均为99%.系统发育分析结果表明,groEL基因比经典的16SrRNA基因序列分析分辨率高,可适用于红斑丹毒丝菌和扁桃体丹毒丝菌的分类鉴定.